Drugs of abuse, driving and traffic safety

Current Drug Abuse Reviews

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 23-32

  Penning, Renske ^a   Veldstra, Janet L ^b   Daamen, Anne P ^a   Olivier, Berend ^a   Verster, Joris C ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Alcohol; Amphetamine; Anabolic steroids; Cannabis; Cocaine; Driving; Ecstasy; Inhalants; Ketamine; LSD; Nicotine; Traffic safety

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; ALCOHOL; AMPHETAMINE; ANABOLIC AGENT; CANNABIS; COCAINE; KETAMINE; LYSERGIDE; METHAMPHETAMINE; NICOTINE;

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH; ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; DRIVING ABILITY; DRUG ABUSE; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; MOTOR VEHICLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TRAFFIC SAFETY;

EID: 77951440206     PISSN: 18744737     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1874473711003010023     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Sweedler BM, Stewart K. Worldwide trends in alcohol and drug impairment. In: Verster JC, Pandi-Perumal SR, Ramaekers JHG, De Gier JJ, Eds. Drugs, Driving and traffic safety. Birkhauser Verlag. Basel 2009.
2. Raes E, vd Neste T, Verstraete AG. EMCDDA insights, drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents. Luxembourg; 2008.
3. Drummer OH, Gerostamoulos J, Batziris H, et al. The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes. Accid Anal Prev 2004; 36: 239-48.
4. Longo MC, Hunter CE, Lokan RJ, White JM, White MA. The prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants amongst injured drivers and their role in driver culpability: part II: the relationship between drug prevalence and drug concentration, and driver culpability. Accid Anal Prev 2000; 32: 623-32.
5. Verster JC, Mets MAJ. Psychoactive medication and traffic safety. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2009; 6: 1041-54.
6. Moskowitz H, Fiorentino D. A review of the literature on the effects of low doses of alcohol on driving-related skills. US Department of Transportation. National Highway traffic Safety Administration. Report DOT HS 809 028. 2000.
7. O'Hanlon JF, Haak TW, Blaauw GJ, Riemersma BJ. Diazepam impairs lateral position control in highway driving. Science 1982; 217: 79-81.
8. Verster JC, Pandi-Perumal SR, Ramaekers JHG, De Gier JJ, Eds. Drugs, Driving and traffic safety. Birkhauser Verlag. Basel, 2009.
9. Brookhuis KA, de Waard D, Samyn N. Effects of MDMA(ecstasy), and multiple drugs use on (simulated) driving performance and traffic safety. Psychopharmacol 2004; 173: 440-5.
10. Kuypers KPC, Samyn N, Ramaekers JG. MDMA and alcohol effects, combined and alone, on objective and subjective measures of actual driving performance and psychomotor function. Psychopharmacol 2006; 187: 467-75.
11. Ramaekers JG, Kuypers KPC, Samyn N. Stimulant effects of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 75 mg and methylphenidate 20 mg on actual driving during intoxication and withdrawal. Addiction 2006; 101: 1614-21.
12. Brookhuis KA, Waard D de, Mulder LJM. Measuring driving performance by car-following in traffic. Ergonomics 1994; 37: 427-34.
13. Ahlm K, Björnstig U, Öström M. Alcohol and drugs in fatally and non-fatally injured motor vehicle drivers in northern Sweden. Accid Anal Prev 2009; 41: 129-36.
14. Mura P, Kintz P, Ludes B, Gaulier JM, Marquet P, Martin-Dupont S. Comparison of the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs between 900 injured drivers and 900 control subjects: results of a French collaborative study. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 133: 79-85.
15. Movig KLL, Mathijssen MPM, Nagel PHA, et al. Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents. Accid Anal Prev 2004; 36: 631-6.
16. Mercer GW, Jeffery WK. Alcohol, drugs, and impairment in fatal traffic accidents in British Columbia. Accid Anal Prev 1995; 27: 335-43.
17. Williams AF. Alcohol-impaired driving and its consequences in the United States: The past 25 years. J Safety Res 2006; 37: 123-38.
18. Gjerde H, Norman PT, Pettersen BS, et al. Prevalence of alcohol and drugs among Norwegian motor vehicle drivers: a roadside survey. Accid Anal Prev 2008; 40: 1765-72.
19. Borkenstein RF, Crowhter RP, Shumate RP, Ziel WB, Zylman R. The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents. Dept. of police Administration, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 1964.
20. Verster JC. DUI recidivists: an ongoing traffic safety concern. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2009; 2: 113-4.
21. Louwerens JW, Gloerich ABM, De Vries G, Brookhuis KA, O'Hanlon JF. The relationship between drivers' blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and actual driving performance during high travel speed. In: Noordzij PC, Roszbach R, Eds. Alcohol, Drugs and traffic safety, 1987. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica: 183-92.
22. Calhoun VD, Pekar JJ, Pearlson GD. Alcohol intoxication effects on simulated driving: exploring alcohol-dose effects on brain activation using functional MRI. Neuropsychopharmacol 2004; 29: 2097-117.
23. Fell JC, Voas RB. The effectiveness of reducing illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits for driving: Evidence for lowering the limit to.05 BAC. J Safety Res 2006; 37: 233-43.
24. Mann RE, Macdonald S, Stoduto G, Bondy S, Jonah B, Shaikh A. The effects of introducing or lowering legal per se blood alcohol limits for driving: an international review. Accid Anal Prev 2001; 33: 569-83.
25. Heisman SJ. Behavioral and cognitive effects of smoking: relationship to nicotine addiction. Nicotine Tob Res 1999; 1: S143-S7.
26. Heimstra NW, Bancroft NR, DeKock AR. Effects of smoking upon sustained performance in a simulated driving task. ANN NY Acad Sci 1967; 142: 295-307.
27. Sherwood N. Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Performance in a Simulated Driving Task. Neuropsychobiol 1995; 32: 161-5.
28. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Boden JM. Is driving under the influence of cannabis becoming a greater risk to driver safety than drink driving? Findings from a longitudinal study. Accid Anal Prev 2008; 40: 1345-50.
29. Degenhardt L, Dillon P, Duff C, Ross J. Driving, drug use behavior and risk perception of nightclub attendees in Victoria, Australia. Int J Drug Policy 2006; 17: 41-6.
30. Drummer OH, Gerostamoulos D, Chu M, Swann P, Boorman M, Cairns I. Drugs in oral fluid in randomly selected drivers. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 170: 105-10.
31. Ramaekers JG, Berghaus G, van Laar M, Drummer OH. Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Depen 2004; 73: 109-19.
32. Hingson R, Heeren T, Mangione T, Morelock S, Mucatel M. Teenage driving after using marijuana or drinking and traffic accident involvement. J Safety Res 1982; 13: 33-8.
33. Ferguson DM, Horwood LJ. Cannabis use and traffic accidents in a birth cohort of young adults. Accid Anal Prev 2001; 33: 703-11.
34. Gerberich-Goodwin S, Sidney S, Braun BL, Tekawa T, Tolan KK, Quesenberry CP. Marijuana use and injury events resulting in hospitalisation. Ann Epidemiol 2003; 13: 230-7.
35. Laumon B, Gadegbeku B, Martin JL, Biecheler MB, the SAM group. Cannabis intoxication and fatal road crashes in France: population based case-control study. BMJ 2005; 331: 1371-7.
36. Blows S, Ivers RI, Connor J, Ameantunga S, Woodward M, Norton R. Marijuana use and crash injury. Addiction 2005; 100: 577-8.
37. Williams AF, Peat MA, Crouch DJ, Wells JK, Finkle BS. Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers. Public Health Rep 1985; 100: 19-25.
38. Bates MN, Blakely TA. Role of cannabis in motor vehicle accidents. Epidemiol Rev 1999; 21: 222-32.
39. Lowenstein SR, Koziol-McLain J. Drugs and traffic crash responsibility: a study of injured motorists in Colorado. J Trauma 2001; 50: 313-20.
40. Klonoff H. Marijuana and driving in real-life situations. Science 1974; 186(4161): 137-54.
41. Sutton LR. The effects of alcohol, marihuana and their combination on driving ability. J Stud Alcohol 1983; 44: 438-45.
42. Robbe HWJ. Influence of Marijuana on Driving. Maastricht: University of Limburg, The Netherlands 1994.
43. Ramaekers JG, Robbe HWJ, O'Hanlon JF. Marijuana, alcohol and actual driving performance. Human Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 2000; 15: 551-8.
44. Lamers CTJ, Ramaekers JG. Visual search and urban city driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 2001; 16: 393-401.
45. Ramaekers JG, Berghaus G, van Laar MW, Drummer OH. Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use: an update. In: Verster JC, Pandi-Perumal SR, Ramaekers JHG, De Gier JJ, Eds. Drugs, Driving and traffic safety. Birkhauser Verlag. Basel 2009.
46. Smiley A. Marijuana: on-road and driving simulator studies. Alcohol Drugs Driving 1986; 2: 121-34.
47. Liguori A, Gatto CP, Robinson JH. Effects of marijuana on equilibrium, psychomotor performance, and simulated driving. Behav Pharmacol 1998; 9: 599-609.
48. Jones AW, Holmgren A, Kugelberg FC. Concentrations of cocaine and it's major metabolite benzoylecgonine in blood samples from apprehended drivers in Sweden. Forensic Sci Int 2008; 17: 133-9.
49. Augsburger M, Donzé N, Ménétrey A, et al. Concentration of drugs in blood of suspected impaired drivers. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 153: 11-5.
50. Fitzpatrick P, Daly L, Leavy CP, Cusack DA. Drinking, drugs and driving in Ireland: more evidence for action. Injury Prev 2006; 12: 404-8.
51. Schmink BE, Ruiter B, Lusthof KJ, de Gier JJ, Uges DRA, Egberts ACG. Drug use and severity of a traffic accident. Accid Anal Prev 2005; 37: 427-33.
52. MacDonald S, DeSouza A, Mann R, Chipman M. Driving behavior of alcohol, cannabis and cocaine abuse treatment clients and population control. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2004; 30: 429-44.
53. Darke S, Kelly E, Ross J. Drug driving among injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia: prevalence, risk factors and risk perceptions. Addiction 2003; 99: 175-85.
54. Roberts LA, Bauer LO. Reaction time during cocaine versus alcohol withdrawal: Longitudinal measures of visual and auditory suppression. Psychiatry Res 1993; 46: 229-37.
55. Isenschmid DS. Cocaine-Effects on human performance and behaviour. Forensic Sci Rev 2002; 14: 61-100.
56. Plas EA, van der, Crone EA, Wildenberg WP van den, Tranel D, Bechara A. Executive control deficits in substance-dependent individuals: a comparison of alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine and of men and women. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2008; 1-14.
57. Verdejo-Garcia A, Benbrook A, Funderburk F, David P, Cadet J-L, Bolla KI. The differential relationship between cocaine use and marijuana use on decision-making performance over repeat testing with the Iowa Gambling Task. Drug Alcohol Depen 2007; 90: 2-11.
58. Morgan MJ. Ecstasy (MDMA): a review of its possible persistent psychological effects. Psychopharmacol 2000; 152: 230-48.
59. Kuypers KPC, Bosker W, Ramaekers JG. Ecstasy, driving and traffic safety. In: Verster JC, Pandi-Perumal SR, Ramaekers JHG, De Gier JJ, Eds. Drugs, Driving and traffic safety. Birkhauser Verlag. Basel, 2009.
60. Riley SC, James C, Gregory D, Dingle H, Cadger M. Patterns of recreational drug use at dance events in Edinburgh, Scotland. Addiction 2001; 96: 1035-47.
61. Duff C, Rowland B. 'Rushing behind the wheel': Investigating the prevalence of 'drug driving' among club and rave patrons in Melbourne, Australia. Drug-Educ Prev Polic 2006; 13: 299-312.
62. Neal J. Driving on recreational drugs: a qualitative investigation of experiences behind the wheel. Drug-Educ Prev Polic 2001; 8: 315-25.
63. Hausken AM, Skurtveit S, Christophersen AS. Characteristics of drivers testing positive for heroin or ecstasy in Norway. Traffic Inj Prev 2004; 5: 107-11.
64. Drummer OH, Gerostamoulos J, Batziris, et al. The incidence of drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic crashes. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 134: 154-62.
65. Cheng JYK, Chan DTW, Mok VKK. An epidemiological study on alcohol/drugs related fatal traffic crash cases of deceased drivers in Hong Kong between 1996 and 2000. Forensic Sci Int 2005; 153: 196-201.
66. Logan BK, Couper FJ. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) and driving impairment. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46: 1426-33.
67. Bost RO. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other amphetamine derivates. J Forensic Sci 1988; 33: 576-87.
68. Shinar D. Drug effects and their significance for traffic safety. In: Drugs and Traffic: A Symposium. Transportation Research Circular E-C096. Woods Hole, Massachusetts USA 2006.
69. Tomaszewski C, Kirk M, Bingham E, Saltzman B, Cook R, Kullig K. Urine toxicology screens in drivers suspected of driving while impaired from drugs. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996; 34: 37-44.
70. Davey J, Davies A, French N, Williams C, Lang CP. Drug driving from a user's perspective. Drugs-Educ Prev Polic 2005; 12: 61-70.
71. Maes V, Charlier C, Grenez O, Verstraete A. Drugs and medicines that are suspected to have a detrimental impact on road user performance. (Deliverable D1, ROSITA), 1999: Ghent, Belgium: Rijks Universiteit Gent. Available: http://www.rosita.org/docs/rosita_d1.doc.
72. Klein M, Kramer F. Rave drugs: pharmacological considerations. AANA J 2004; 72: 61-7.
73. Cheng WC, Ng KM, Chan KK, Mok VKK, Cheung BKL. Roadside detection of impairment under the influence of ketamine - Evaluation of ketamine impairment symptoms with reference to its concentration in oral fluid and urine. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 170: 51-8.
74. Krystal JH, D'Souza DC, Karper LP, et al. Interactive effects of subanesthetic ketamine and haloperidol in healthy humans. Psychopharmacol 1999; 145: 193-204.
75. Malhorta AK, Pinals DA, Weingartner H, et al. NMDA receptor function and human cognition: the effects of ketamine in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacol 1996; 14: 301-7.
76. Guilermain Y, Micallef J, Possamaï CA, Blin O, Hasbroucq T. N- methyl-d-aspartate receptors and information processing: human choice reaction time under a subanaesthetic dose of ketamine. Neurosci Lett 2001; 303: 29-32.
77. Micallef J, Guilermain Y, Tardieu S, et al. Effects of subanesthetic doses of ketamine on sensorimotor information processing in healthy volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol 2002; 25: 101-6.
78. White PF, Way WL, Trecor AJ. Ketamine - its pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Anesthesiol 1982; 56: 119-36.
79. Mozayani A. Ketamine-effects on human performance and behavior. Forensic Sci Rev 2002; 14: 123-31.
80. Schwilke EW, Sampaio Dos Santos MI, Logan BK. Changing patterns of drug and alcohol use in fatally injured drivers in Washington State. J Forensic Sci 2006; 51: 1191-8.
81. Verschraagen M, Maes A, Ruiter B, Bosman IJ, Smink BE, Lusthof KJ. Post-mortem cases involving amphetamine-based drugs in the Netherlands: Comparison with driving under the influence cases. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 170: 163-70.
82. Crouch DJ, Birky MM, Gust SW, et al. The prevalence of drugs in fatally injured truck drivers. J Forensic Sci 1993; 38: 1342-53.
83. Nascimento EC, Nascimento E, Silva Jde P. Alcohol and amphetamines use among long-distance truck drivers. Rev Saude Publica 2007; 41: 290-3.
84. Labat L, Fontaine B, Delzenne C, et al. Prevalence of psychoactive substances in truck drivers in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region (France). Forensic Sci Int 2008; 174: 90-4.
85. Miller MM, Hajdukovic R, Erman MK. Treatment of narcolepsy with methamphetamine. Sleep 1993; 16: 306-17.
86. Silber BY, Papafotiou K, Croft RJ, Ogden E, Swann P, Stough C. The effects of dexamphetamine on simulated driving performance. Psychopharmacol 2005; 179: 536-43.
87. Gustavsen I, Mørland J, Bramness JG. Impairment related to blood amphetamine and/or methamphetamine concentrations in suspected drugged drivers. Accid Anal Prev 2006; 38: 490-5.
88. Logan BK. Metamphetamine-Effects on human performance and behavior. Forensic Sci Rev 2002; 14: 134-51.
89. Logan BK. Methamphetamine and driving impairment. J Forensic Sci 1996; 41: 457-64.
90. Del Rio CM, Alvarez FJ. Illegal drug taking and driving: patterns of drug taking among Spanish drivers. Drug Alcohol Depen 1995; 37: 83-6.
91. Bennett ME, Walters ST, Miller JH, Woodall WG. Relationship of early inhalant use to substance use in college students. J Substance Abuse 2000; 12: 227-40.
92. Beckman NJ, Zacny JP, Walker DJ. Within-subject comparison of the subjective and psychomotor effects of gaseous anesthetic and two volatile anesthetics in healthy volunteers. Drug Alcohol Depen 2006; 81: 89-95.
93. Dinwiddie SH. Abuse of inhalants: a review. Addiction 1994; 89: 925-39.
94. Kurtzman TL, Otsuka KN, Wahl RA. Inhalant abuse by adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2001; 28: 170-80.
95. Handelsman DJ, Gupta L. Prevalence and risk factors for anabolic- androgenic steroid abuse in Australian high-school students. Int J Andronol 1997; 20: 159-64.
96. Ellingrod VL, Perry PJ, Yates WR, et al. The effects of anabolic steroids on driving performance as assessed by the Iowa driving simulator. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1997; 23: 623-36.
97. McGabe SE, Brower KJ, West BT, Nelson TF, Wechsler H. Trends in non-medical use of anabolic steroids by U.S. college students: results from four national surveys. Drug Alcohol Depen 2007; 90: 243-51.
98. Middleman AB, Faulkner AH, Woods E, Emans SJ, DuRant RH. High-risk behaviors among high school students in Massachusetts who use anabolic steroids. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 268-72.
99. Petersson A, Garle M, Granath F, Thiblin I. Morbidity and mortality in patients testing positively for the presence of anabolic androgenic steroids in connection with receiving medical care: a controlled retrospective cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depen 2006; 81: 215-20.
100. Thiblin I, Petersson A. Pharmacoepidemiology of anabolic androgenic steroids: a review. Fun Clin Pharmacol 2004; 19: 24-44.
101. Hall RCW, Hall RCW, Chapman MJ. Psychiatric complications of anabolic steroid abuse. Psychosomatics 2005; 46: 285-90.
102. Matthews A, Bruno R, Johnston J, Black E, Degenhardt L, Dunn M. Factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs among an Australian sample of regular ecstasy users. Drug Alcohol Depen 2009; 100: 24-31.
103. Coullé JP, Verstraeten A, Boulu R, et al. Illicit drugs, medications and traffic accidents. Ann Pharm Fr 2008; 66: 196-205.