Functional Electrical Stimulation to Dorsiflexors and Plantar Flexors During Gait to Improve Walking in Adults With Chronic Hemiplegia

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 687-696

  Embrey, David G ^a   Holtz, Sandra L ^a   Alon, Gad ^b   Brandsma, Brenna A ^a   McCoy, Sarah Westcott ^c  

^a Good Samaritan Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Electric stimulation; Gait; Hemiplegia; Rehabilitation; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DORSIFLEXOR MUSCLE; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION; GAIT; HEMIPLEGIA; HUMAN; LEG MUSCLE; MALE; MUSCLE EXCITATION; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; ORTHOSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PLANTARFLEXOR MUSCLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCORING SYSTEM; STROKE; WALKING;

ADULT; AGED; CHRONIC DISEASE; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY; FOOT; GAIT; HEMIPLEGIA; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; WALKING;

EID: 77951288254     PISSN: 00039993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.12.024     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Duncan P.W., and LEAPS Investigative Team. Protocol for the Locomotor Experience Applied Post-stroke (LEAPS) trial: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol 7 (2007) 39
2. American Stroke Association. American Stroke Association National Center, 7272 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231. http://www.strokeassociation.org Accessed December 22, 2009.
3. da Cunha-Filho I.T., Henson H., Wankadia S., et al. Reliability of measures of gait performance and oxygen consumption with stroke survivors. J Rehabil Res Dev 40 (2003) 19-25
4. Olney S.J., Monga T.N., and Costigan P.A. Mechanical energy of walking of stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 67 (1986) 92-98
5. Kim C.M., and Eng J.J. Magnitude and pattern of 3D kinematic and kinetic gait profiles in persons with stroke: relationship to walking speed. Gait Posture 20 (2004) 140-146
6. De Bujanda E., Nadeau S., Bourbonnais D., et al. Associations between lower limb impairments, locomotor capacities and kinematic variables in the frontal plane during walking in adults with chronic stroke. J Rehabil Med 35 (2003) 259-264
7. Mulroy S., Gronley J., Weiss W., et al. Use of cluster analysis for gait pattern classification of patients in the early and late recovery phases following stroke. Gait Posture 18 (2003) 114-125
8. Lamontagne A., Richards C.L., and Malouin F. Coactivation during gait as an adaptive behavior after stroke. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 10 (2000) 407-415
9. Sheffler L.R., Bailey S.N., and Chae J. Spatiotemporal and kinematic effect of peroneal nerve stimulation versus an ankle-foot orthosis in patients with multiple sclerosis: a case series. PM R 1 (2009) 604-611
10. Sheffler L.R., Hennessey M.T., Naples G.G., and Chae J. Improvement in functional ambulation as a therapeutic effect of peroneal nerve stimulation in hemiplegia: two case reports. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21 (2007) 366-369
11. Stein R.B., Chong S., Everaert D.G., et al. A multicenter trial of a footdrop stimulator controlled by a tilt sensor. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 20 (2006) 371-379
12. O'Keeffe D.T., and Lyons G.M. A versatile drop-foot stimulator for research applications. Med Eng Phys 24 (2002) 237-242
13. Chen Y.L., Li Y.C., Kuo T.S., et al. The development of a closed-loop controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) in gait training. J Med Eng Technol 25 (2001) 41-48
14. Taylor P.N., Burridge J.H., Dunkerley A.L., et al. Clinical use of the Odstock dropped foot stimulator: its effect on the speed and effort of walking. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80 (1999) 1577-1583
15. Burridge J.H., Taylor P.N., Hagan S.A., et al. The effects of common peroneal stimulation on the effort and speed of walking: a randomized controlled trial with chronic hemiplegic patients. Clin Rehabil 11 (1997) 201-210
16. van der Aa H.E., Bultstra G., Verloop A.J., et al. Application of a dual channel peroneal nerve stimulator in a patient with a "central" drop-foot. Acta Neurochir Suppl 79 (2002) 105-107
17. Burridge J.H., and McLellan D.L. Relation between abnormal patterns of muscle activation and response to common peroneal nerve stimulation in hemiplegia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 69 (2000) 353-361
18. Sheffler L.R., Hennessey M.T., Naples G.G., and Chae J. Peroneal nerve stimulation versus an ankle foot orthosis for correction of footdrop in stroke: impact on functional ambulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 20 (2006) 355-360
19. Taylor P., Burridge J., Dunkerley A., et al. Clinical audit of 5 years provision of the Odstock dropped foot stimulator. Artif Organs 23 (1999) 440-442
20. Burridge J., Taylor P., Hagan S., et al. Experience of clinical use of the Odstock dropped foot stimulator. Artif Organs 21 (1997) 254-260
21. Kottink A.I., Hermens H.J., Nene A.V., et al. A randomized controlled trial of an implantable 2-channel peroneal nerve stimulator on walking speed and activity in poststroke hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88 (2007) 971-978
22. Burridge J.H., Haugland M., Larsen B., et al. Phase II trial to evaluate the ActiGait implanted drop-foot stimulator in established hemiplegia. J Rehabil Med 39 (2007) 212-218
23. Granat M.H., Maxwell D.J., Ferguson A.C., Lees K.R., and Barbenel J.C. Peroneal stimulator: evaluation for the correction of spastic drop-foot in hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77 (1996) 19-24
24. Lamontagne A., Malouin F., and Richards C.L. Locomotor-specific measure of spasticity of plantarflexor muscles after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82 (2001) 1696-1704
25. Leathley M.J., Gregson J.M., Moore A.P., et al. Predicting spasticity after stroke in those surviving to 12 months. Clin Rehabil 18 (2004) 438-443
26. Chen G., and Patten C. Joint moment work during the stance-to-swing transition in hemiparetic subjects. J Biomech 41 (2008) 877-883
27. Lin P.Y., Yang Y.R., Cheng S.J., and Wang R.Y. The relation between ankle impairments and gait velocity and symmetry in people with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87 (2006) 562-568
28. Lamontagne A., Malouin F., Richards C.L., and Dumas F. Mechanisms of disturbed motor control in ankle weakness during gait after stroke. Gait Posture 15 (2002) 244-255
29. Lamontagne A., Malouin F., and Richards C.L. Contribution of passive stiffness to ankle plantarflexor moment during gait after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81 (2000) 351-358
30. Teixeira-Salmela L.F., Nadeau S., Mcbride I., et al. Effects of muscle strengthening and physical conditioning training on temporal, kinematic and kinetic variables during gait in chronic stroke survivors. J Rehabil Med 33 (2001) 53-60
31. Kerrigan D.C., Karvosky M.E., and Riley P.O. Spastic paretic stiff-legged gait: joint kinetics. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 80 (2001) 244-249
32. Apkarian J.A., and Naumann S. Stretch reflex inhibition using electrical stimulation in normal subjects and subjects with spasticity. J Biomed Eng 13 (1991) 67-73
33. Crone C., Nielsen J., Petersen N., et al. Disynaptic reciprocal inhibition of ankle extensors in spastic patients. Brain 117 (1994) 1161-1168
34. Morita H., Crone C., Christenhuis D., et al. Modulation of presynaptic inhibition and disynaptic reciprocal Ia inhibition during voluntary movement in spasticity. Brain 124 (2001) 826-837
35. Veltink P.H., Ladouceur M., and Sinkjaer T. Inhibition of the triceps surae stretch reflex by stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve in persons with spastic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81 (2000) 1016-1024
36. Thompson A.K., Estabrooks K.L., Chong S., and Stein R.B. Spinal reflexes in ankle flexor and extensor muscles after chronic central nervous system lesions and functional electrical stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 23 (2009) 133-142
37. Perumal R., Kesar T.M., Wexler A.S., and Binder-Macleod S.A. Novel FES system to stimulate both dorsi- and plantar-flexor muscles during stroke gait. Proceedings presented at the 12th Annual Conference of the International FES Society (November 10-14, 2007) Shriner's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia
38. Kesar T.M., Perumal R., Reisman D.S., et al. Plantar and dorsi-flexor muscle FES in conjunction with fast treadmill training: effects on post-stroke walking patterns. Proceedings presented at the 12th Annual Conference of the International FES Society (November 10-14, 2007) Shriner's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia
39. Burridge J.H., Wood D.E., Taylor P.N., and McLellan D.L. Indices to describe different muscle activation patterns, identified during treadmill walking, in people with spastic drop-foot. Med Eng Phys 23 (2001) 427-434
40. Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center. Observational gait analysis handbook (2001), Rancho Los Amigos Research and Education Institute, Downey
41. Laufer Y., Hausdorff J.M., and Ring H. Effects of a foot drop neuroprosthesis on functional abilities, social participation, and gait velocity. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 88 (2009) 14-20
42. Ring H., Treger I., Gruendlinger L., and Hausdorff J.M. Neuroprosthesis for footdrop compared with an ankle-foot orthosis: effects on postural control during walking. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 18 (2009) 41-47
43. Hausdorff J.M., and Ring H. Effects of a new radio frequency-controlled neuroprosthesis on gait symmetry and rhythmicity in patients with chronic hemiparesis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 87 (2008) 4-13
44. Tong R.K., Ng M.F., and Li L.S. Effectiveness of gait training using an electromechanical gait trainer, with and without functional electric stimulation, in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87 (2006) 1298-1304
45. Pomeroy V.M., King L.M., Pollock A., Baily-Hallam A., and Langhorne P. Electrostimulation for promoting recovery of movement or functional ability after stroke (review). Cochrane Collaboration (2009), John Wiley & Sons, Somerset
46. Hallet M., Wassermann E.M., Cohen L.G., Chielowska J., and Gerloff C. Cortical mechanisms of recovery of function after stroke. NeuroRehabilitation 10 (1998) 131-142
47. Nudo R.J., Wise B.M., SiFuntes F., and Miliken G.W. Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct. Science 272 (1996) 1791-1794
48. Golaszewski S.M., Siedentopf C.M., Koppelstaetter F., et al. Modulatory effects on human sensorimotor cortex by whole-hand afferent electrical stimulation. Neurology 62 (2004) 2262-2269
49. Gait MyoElectric Stimulator patent pending, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Application #11/342,589.
50. Portney L.G., and Watkins M.P. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. 2nd ed. (2000), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk
51. Western Institutional Review Board. www.wirb.com/content/wirb_services.aspx Accessed December 22, 2009
52. MacRae P.G., Asplund L.A., Schnelle J.F., et al. A walking program for nursing home residents: effects on walk endurance, physical activity, mobility, and quality of life. J Am Geriatr Soc 44 (1996) 175-180
53. Flansbjer U.B., Holmback A.M., Downham D., et al. Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke. J Rehabil Med 37 (2005) 75-82
54. Dean C.M., Richards C.L., and Malouin F. Walking speed over 10 metres overestimates locomotor capacity after stroke. Clin Rehabil 15 (2001) 415-421
55. Baer H.R., and Wolf S.L. Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile: an outcome measure for the rehabilitation of poststroke gait dysfunction. Stroke 32 (2001) 973-979
56. Wolf S.L., Catlin P.A., Gage K., et al. Establishing the reliability and validity of measurements of walking time using the Emory Functional Ambulation Profile. Phys Ther 79 (1999) 1122-1133
57. Gagnon D., Nadeau S., Gravel D., Robert J., Bélanger D., and Hilsenrath M. Reliability and validity of static knee strength measurements obtained with a chair-fixed dynamometer in subjects with hip or knee arthroplasty. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86 (2005) 1998-2008
58. Trudelle-Jackson E., Jackson A.W., Frankowski C.M., Long K.M., and Meske N.B. Interdevice reliability and validity assessment of the Nicholas Hand-Held Dynamometer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 20 (1994) 302-306
59. Platz T., Eickhof C., Nuyens G., et al. Clinical scales for the assessment of spasticity, associated phenomena, and function: a systematic review of the literature. Disabil Rehabil 27 (2005) 7-18
60. Bohannon R.W., Larkin P.A., Smith M.B., et al. Relationship between static muscle strength deficits and spasticity in stroke patients with hemiparesis. Phys Ther 67 (1987) 1068-1071
61. Gregson J.M., Leathley M., Moore A.P., et al. Reliability of the Tone Assessment Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale as clinical tools for assessing poststroke spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80 (1999) 1013-1016
62. Duncan P.W., Wallace D., Lai S.M., et al. The Stroke Impact Scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke 30 (1999) 2131-2140
63. Duncan P.W., Bode R.K., Min Lai S., et al. Rasch analysis of a new stroke-specific outcome scale: the Stroke Impact Scale. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 84 (2003) 950-963
64. Edwards B., and O'Connell B. Internal consistency and validity of the Stroke Impact Scale 2.0 (SIS 2.0) and SIS-16 in an Australian sample. Qual Life Res 12 (2003) 1127-1135
65. Duncan P.W., Lai S.M., Bode R.K., et al. Stroke Impact Scale-16: a brief assessment of physical function. Neurology 60 (2003) 291-296
66. Palombaro K.M., Craik R.L., Mangione K.K., and Tomlinson J.D. Determining meaningful changes in gait speed after hip fracture. Phys Ther 86 (2006) 809-816
67. Chae J., Sheffler L., and Knutson J. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for motor restoration in hemiplegia. Top Stroke Rehabil 15 (2008) 412-426
68. Schmid A., Duncan P.W., Studenski S., et al. Improvements in speed-based gait classifications are meaningful. Stroke 38 (2007) 2096-2100
69. Thrasher T.A., Zivanovic V., McIlroy W., and Popovic M.R. Rehabilitation of reaching and grasping function in severe hemiplegic patients using functional electrical stimulation therapy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22 (2008) 706-714
70. Alon G., Levitt A.F., and McCarthy P.A. Functional electrical stimulation enhancement of upper extremity functional recovery during stroke rehabilitation: a pilot study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21 (2007) 207-215
71. Alon G., Levitt A.F., and McCarthy P.A. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) may modify the poor prognosis of stroke survivors with severe motor loss of the upper extremity: a preliminary study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 87 (2008) 627-636