Learning Korean language in China: Motivations and strategies of non-Koreans

International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 273-284

  Gao, Fang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Instrumental motivation; Integrative motivation; Korean language; Multilingualism; Non Korean; Sociocultural context

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951277451     PISSN: 13670050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13670050903006929     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Bourdieu, P. 1990. The logic of practice. Cambridge: Polity Press.
2. Bourdieu, P., and J.C. Passeron. 1979. The inheritors: French students and their relation to culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
3. Brown, H.D. 2000. Principles of language learning and teaching. 4th ed. New York: Longman.
4. Brown, H.D. 2001. Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. 2nd ed. New York: Longman.
5. Campbell, R.T. 1983. Status attainment research: End of the beginning or beginning of the end? Sociology of Education 56: 47-62.
6. Choi, W.G. 2001. The Korean minority in China: The change of its identity. Development and Society 30: 119-41.
7. Clothey, R. 2005. China's policies for minority nationalities in higher education: Negotiating national values and ethnic identities. Comparative Education Review 49, no. 3: 389-428.
8. Coleman, J.S., E.Q. Campbell, C.J. Hobson, F. McPartland, A.M. Mood, and F.D. Weinfeld. 1966. Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
9. Cookes, G., and R.W. Schmidt. 1991. Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. Language Learning 41, no. 4: 469-512.
10. Cummins, J. 1988. From multicultural to anti-racist education: An analysis of programs and policies in Ontario. In Minority education: From shame to struggle, ed. T. Skutnabb-Kangas and J. Cummins, 127-57. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
11. Davies, M., and D.B. Kandel. 1981. Parental and peer influences on adolescents' educational plans: Some further evidence. American Journal of Sociology 87: 363-87.
12. Fei, X.T. 1991. Zhonghua minzu yanjiu xin tance [New explorations in China's ethnic studies]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Publishing House.
13. Feng, A.W., ed. 2007. Intercultural space for bilingual education. In Bilingual education in China: Practices, policies and concepts, ed. A.W. Feng, 259-86. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
14. Gardner, R.C. 1982. Language attitudes and language learning. In Attitudes towards language bariation, ed. E.B. Ryan and H. Giles, 132-41. London: Edward Arnold.
15. Gardner, R.C. 1985. Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.
16. Gardner, R.C. 2001. Language learning motivation: The student, the teacher, and the researcher. Texas Papers in Foreign Language Education 6: 1-18.
17. Gardner, R.C. 2003. Attitudes, motivation, and second language learning: A meta-analysis of studies conducted by Gardner and associates. Language Learning 53: 123-63.
18. Hall, J.K. 1995. (Re)creating our worlds with worlds: A sociohistorical perspective on face-to- face interaction. Applied Linguistics 10, no. 1: 206-32.
19. Hansen, M.H. 1999. Lessons in being Chinese: Minority education and ethnic identity in southwest China. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
20. Hauser, R.M., S.L. Tsai, and W.H. Sewell. 1983. A model of stratification with response: Error in social and psychological variables. Sociology of Education 56: 20-46.
21. Hudson, G. 2000. Essential introductory linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
22. Jiang, Y.D. 2006. Chaoxianzu zhongxiaoxue shuangyu jiaoyu yanjiu [Investigation into Korean bilingual primary and secondary education]. Paper presented at the Korean Chinese Education Forum (1906-2006), August 17-19, in Yanbian University, China.
23. Johnson, B., and N. Chhetri. 2000. Exclusionary policies and practices in Chinese minority education: A case of Tibetan education. Current Issues in Comparative Education 2, no. 2: 1-13.
24. Kim, S.J. 2003. The economic status and role of ethnic Koreans in China. In The Korean diaspora in the world economy, ed. C.F. Bergsten and I. Choi, 101-27. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
25. Kwong, J., and H. Xiao. 1989. Educational equality among China's minorities. Comparative Education 25, no. 2: 229-43.
26. Lee, C.J. 1986. China's Korean minority: The politics of ethnic education. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
27. Losey, K.M. 1995. Gender and ethnicity as factors in the development of verbal skills in bilingual Mexican American women. TESOL Quarterly 29, no. 4: 635-61.
28. Ma, C.H. 2004. Language practice and identity of Korean-Chinese bilinguals in Yanji. PhD diss., Michigan State University.
29. Ma, R. 2003. Zhongguo ge zuqun zhijian de jiegou xing chayi [The structural disparities between China's ethnic groups]. Shehui kexue zhanxian 4: 174-85.
30. MacIntyre, P.D., R. Clément, Z. Dornyei, and K.A. Noels. 1998. Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: A situated model of confidence and affiliation. Modern Language Journal 82: 545-62.
31. McKay, S.L., and S.L.C. Wong. 1996. Multiple discourse, multiple identities: Investment and agency in second-language learning among Chinese adolescent immigrant students. Harvard Educational Review 66: 577-608.
32. NBSC. 2005. China statistical yearbook. Beijing: China Statistical Press.
33. Ogbu, J.U. 1998. Voluntary and involuntary minorities: A cultural ecological theory of school performance with some implications for education. Anthropology and Education Quarterly 29, no. 2: 155-88.
34. Olivier, B.V. 1993. The implementation of China's nationality policy in the northeastern provinces. San Francisco, CA: Mellen Research University Press.
35. O'Malley, J., and A. Chamot. 1990. Learning strategies in second language acquisition.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Oxford, R. 1990. Language learning strategies. New York: Newbury House.
37. Pepper, S. 1990. China's education reform in the 1980s: Policies, issues, and historical perspectives. Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asia Studies.
38. Postiglione, G.A. 2007. Ethnic minority policy in education: The educational challenge of harmonious multiculturalism. Paper presented at the Beijing Forum: The harmony of civilizations and prosperity for all diversity in the development of human civilization, November 2007, in Beijing, China.
39. Suárez-Orozco, M.M., and D.B. Qin-Hilliard, eds. 2004. Globalization: Culture and education in the new millennium. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
40. Sun, H.K., Z.Y. Hu, and X. Huang. 2007. Zhongguo de yuyan [The languages of China]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
41. Thomas, W.P., and V. Collier. 1997. School effectiveness for language minority students. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education.
42. Zhou, M.L. 2000. Language attitudes of two contrasting ethnic minority nationalities in China: The 'model' Koreans and the 'rebellious' Tibetans. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 146: 1-20.
43. Zhou, M.L. 2005. Legislating literacy for linguistic and ethnic minorities in contemporary China. Current Issues in Language Planning 6, no. 2: 102-21.
44. Zuengler, J. 1989. Identity and IL development and use. Applied Linguistics 10, no. 1: 80-96.