Intercultural Space for Bilingual Education

Bilingual Education in China: Practices, Policies and Concepts

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 259-286

  Feng, Anwei ^a  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67651239879     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (104)

1. Abliz, Y. and Hamdu, S. (2003) Shixian ‘Min-Han Jiantong’, Shizi Shiguanjian [Teachers - The key to Min-Han Jiantong]. Xinjiang Caijing Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Xinjiang Finance and Economics Institute] 10 (4), 54-57.
2. Abliz, M., Sadal, M. and Aldan, M. (2002) Saoshu Minzu Xuesheng Shulihua Jiaoyu Xiangzhuang de Yanjiu [A study of the status quo of physics, mathematics and chemistry education for minority students]. Jiaoyu Tansuo [Education Exploration] 135 (9), 108-110.
3. Alred, G., Byram, M. and Fleming, M. (eds) (2006) Education for Intercultural Citizenship: Concepts and Comparisons. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
4. Amat, A. (2003) Tan Shuangyu Jiaoxue, ‘Min-Han Jiantong’ de Yiyi [On the significance of bilingual education and ‘Min-Han Jiantong’]. Zhong Guo Min Zu Jiao Yu 2, 22-23.
5. Baker, C. (2001) Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
6. Becker, G.S. (1964) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
7. Berger, P.L. and Luckmann, T. (1966) The Social Construction of Reality. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
8. Bhabha, H. (1994) The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge.
9. Bräuer G. (ed.) (2002) Body and Language: Intercultural Learning Through Drama. Westport, CT: Ablex.
10. Byram, M. (forthcoming) Intercultural Citizenship Language Learning, Political Education and Internationalisation.
11. Byram, M. (1989) Cultural Studies in Foreign Language Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
12. Byram, M. (1997) Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
13. Byram, M. (2003) On being bicultural and intercultural. In G. Alred, M. Byram and M. Fleming (eds) Intercultural Experience and Education (pp. 50-66). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
14. Chen, S.X. (2002) Language Law Bewilders Bilingual Educators. (Chen Chao, trans.). OnWWWat http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Apr/31210.htm.
15. Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (1982) On WWW at http://english.people.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html.
16. Corbett, J. (2003) An Intercultural Approach to English Language Teaching. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
17. Cummins, J. (1986) Empowering minority students: A framework for intervention. Harvard Educational Review 56 (1), 18-36.
18. Cummins, J. (1996) Negotiating Identities: Education for Empowerment in a Diverse Society. Ontario, CA: California Association of Bilingual Education.
19. Cummins, J. (2000) Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
20. Dai, Q.X. and Dong, Y. (1997) Zhongguo Shaoshu Minzu Shuangyu Jiaoyu de Lishi Yange - 2 [History and development of bilingual education for minority groups in China -2]. Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Ethnic Education Research] 1, 50-61.
21. Delors, J., et al. (1996) Learning: The Treasure Within (Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century). Paris, France: UNESCO Publishing.
22. Deng, Y.L. (2000) Shuangyu Jiaoyu yu Wenhua Rentong [Bilingual education and cultural identification]. Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Central University of Nationalities] 128 (1) 131-139.
23. Doýe, P. (1992) Fremdsprachenunterricht als Beitrag zu tertiärer Sozialisation. In Buttjes et al. (eds) Neue Brennpunkte des Englischunterrichts, Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang.
24. Doyé, P. (1999) The Intercultural Dimension: Foreign Language Education in the Primary School. Berlin: Cornelsen.
25. Doyè, P. (2003) Foreign Language Education as a Contribution to Tertiary Socialisation. Paper presented at the Durham Symposium on Intercultural Competence and Citizenship, Durham University, 24-26, March 2003.
26. Edwards, J. (1985) Language, Society and Identity. Oxford: Blackwell.
27. Feng, A.W. (1998) A canon, a Norm and an Attitude: Ideological Dimension of Foreign Language Education in China. Chicago, IL: Central University (ERIC document reproduction service no.: Ed 426 746).
28. Feng, A.W. (2005) Bilingualism for the Minor or for the Major: An evaluative analysis of parallel conceptions in China. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Billingualism 8 (6), 529-551.
29. Fishman, J.A. (1971) The sociology of language. In J.A. Fishman (ed.) Advances in the Sociology of Language (Vol. 1). The Hague: Mouton.
30. Freire, P. (1974) Education for Critical Consciousness. London: Sheed andWard.
31. Gao, Y.H. (1994) Shengcanxing shuangyu sianxiang kaocha [An investigation of productive bilingualism].Waiyu Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu [Foreign Language Teaching and Research] 97 (1), 59-64.
32. Garrett, M.T. (1996) ‘Two people’: An American Indian narrative of bicultural identity. Journal of American Indian Education 36 (1), 1-21.
33. Green, P. (1999) Raise the Standard: A Practical Handbook for Raising Ethnic Minority and Bilingual Pupils’ Achievement Based on Successful Policy and Practice in Cities Across the European Community. Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books.
34. Grosjean, F. (1985) The bilingual as competent but specific speaker-hearer. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 6 (6), 467-477.
35. Guo, T.X. (2000) Yi Yuyanxue Lilun he Shijian wei Jizhu ZhidaoWochu “Shuangyu’', “Sanyu’' Jiaoxue Gaige [Reforming bilingual and trilingual education on the basis of linguistic theories and practice]. Qian Yan 12, 68-71.
36. Hansen, M.H. (1999) Lessons in Being Chinese: Minority Education and Ethnic Identity in Southwest China. Seattle, WA: Univ. ofWashington Press.
37. He, K.M. and Deng, J. (2003) Dali Tuixing Shuangyu Jiaoxue, Peiyang Quanmian Fazhan de Fuhexing, Guojixing Rencai [Promoting bilingual education to produce international talents with integrated skills]. Zhongguo Nongye Yinhang Wuhan Peixun Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of ABC Wuhan Training College] 5, 55-56.
38. Hobsbawm, E. (1996) Language, culture and national identity. Social Research 63 (4), 1065-1080.
39. Hoffmann, E. (1989) Lost in Translation: A Life in Two Languages. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
40. Hu, P. and Zhou, X.M. (2005) Zhongguo Minzu Jiaoyu Jiqi Xueke de Lishi Huigu, Chenjiu yu Zhanwang [Retrospect, achievement and prospect of Chinese minority education and its related academic disciplines]. Hubei Minzu Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Hubei Institute of Nationalities] 23 (1), 84-88.
41. Hu, W.Z. and Gao, Y.H. (1997) Waiyu Jiaoxue yu Wenhua [Foreign Language Teaching and Culture]. Changsha: Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe.
42. Huang, G.Y. (1997) Yingyu Jiaoyuxue [On English Education]. Nanchang, China: Jiangxi Jiaoyu Chubanshe.
43. Jiang, H.D. (2003) Lun Shuangyu Jiaoyu Mubiao Dingwei zhongde Jige Guanxi Wenti [On the relationships of objectives of bilingual teaching]. Zhongguo Jiaoyu Xuekan [Journal of the Chinese Society of Education] 4, 34-37.
44. Jiaoyubu Guanyu Zaiyouguan Shengqiu Shixing Zhongguo Shaosu Minzu Hanyu Shuipin Dengji Kaoshi de Tongzhi (Ministry of Education notification of trial runs of HSK tests in some minority regions and prefectures) (24 Oct. 2002).
45. Jiayangzhaxi (1999) Guanyu Zangchu Shuangyu Jiaoxue Moshi Xuanze de Sikao [Thoughts on selection of models of bilingual education in Tibet]. Zhongguo Minzu Jiaoyu 1, 25-29.
46. Jin, Z.Y. and Li, X.M. (2000) Guanyu Shuangyu Jiaoyu Butong Guandian he Taidu Zongshu [An overview of different views and attitudes towards bilingual education]. Neimenggu Shida Xuebao [Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University] 19 (4), 208-211.
47. Ju, J.N. (2000) Guoxiao Shaoshu Minzu Xuesheng Diqidian Yingyu Jiaoxue Wenti Tantao [An examination of the problems encountered in teaching beginning minority students at college]. Qinghai Minzu Yanjiu [Nationalities Research in Qinghai] 11 (3), 76-77.
48. Kong, J. (2003) Xingjiang Yaofazhan, Hanyu Jiaoyu Yaoxianxing [To develop Xingjiang, Chinese education should take the priority]. Yuyan yu Fanyi [Language and Translation] 74 (2), 63-66.
49. Kramsch, C. (1993) Context and Culture in Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
50. Kramsch, C. (1998) The privilege of the intercultural speaker. In M. Byram and M. Fleming (eds) Language Learning in Intercultural Perspective: Approaches Through Drama and Ethnography. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press.
51. Kubow, P., Grossman, D. and Ninomiya, A. (2000) Multidimensional citizenship: Educational policy for the 21 century. In J.J. Cogan and R. Derricott (eds) Citizenship for the 21st Century (pp. 131-150). London: Kogan Page.
52. Lartey, E.Y. (1997) In Living Colour: An Intercultural Approach to Pastoral Care and Counselling. London: Cassell.
53. Li, F.J. (2002) Cong Baiyu Shuangyu Jiaoyuzhong kan Shuangyu Shuangwenhua Xianxiang [Bilingual and bicultural phenomena from the perspective of language transfer in bilingual education for Bai]. Yunnan Shifan Daxue Xuebao 34 (2), 14-18.
54. Li, H.L. (2004) WenhuaZhongduanLilun duiWoguoMinzuJiaoyu de Qishi [Reflections on cultural discontinuity theory and minority education]. Guizhou Minzu Yanjiu [Guizhou Ethnic Studies] 98 (2), 149-153.
55. Li, S.Z. (2003) Shaoshu Minzu Jiaoyu Kunjin yu Duice Sikao [Thoughts on issues and solutions in minority education]. Zhongguo Jiaoyu Xuekan 9, 6-9.
56. Li, Y.L. (2003) Shaoshu Minzu Xuesheng Yingyu Xuexi de Teshuxing Yanjiu [An analysis of the special characteristics of minority students in learning English]. Xinan Minzu Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities] 24 (8), 334-336.
57. Liang, G.Z. (1994) Qianlun Nanningshi Duoyu Xianxiang [Tentative analysis on the multilingual phenomena in Nanning]. Guangxi Shiyuan Xuebao [Journal of Guangxi Normal College] 3, 78-82.
58. Liao, H.Y. and Yan, X.Y. (2004) Woguo ‘Shuangyu Jiaoxue’ de Wenhua Shengsi [Reflectiononthe cultural dimension of ‘bilingual teaching’]. Heilongjiang Gaojiao Yanjiu [Heilongjiang Higher Education Research] 128 (12), 121-123.
59. Lin, J. (1996) Identity and Discrimination: Minorities in China. Paper presented at the Comparative and International Education Society Annual Conference held in Williamsburg, Virginia, March 5-10.
60. Lin, J. (1997) Policies and practices of bilingual education for the minorities in China. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 18 (3), 193-205.
61. Luo, A.Y. (2001) Xibu Dakaifazhong de Yuyan JiaoyuWenti [Issues in language education in the development of theWest region]. Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Central University of Nationalities] 136 (3), 105-109.
62. Luo, S.P. (2000) Yetan 21 Shiji Fuhexing Waiyu Rencai Peiyang Mushi [A view on models of all-rounded talents with foreign language competence]. Wai Yu Jie [Foreign Language World] 79 (3), 8-11 and 17.
63. Ma, Q. and Xiao, L. Z. (2002a). Wenhua Zhongduan yu Shaoshu Minzu Jiaoyu [Cultural suspense and minority education]. Shaanxi Shifang Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Shaanxi Normal University] 31 (1), 119-124.
64. Ma, Q. and Xiao, L.Z. (2002b). Lixing de Shaoshu Minzu Jiaoyu [Sensible education for minority children]. Guangxi Youjiang Minzu Shizhuan Xuebao 15 (5), 8-11.
65. Nanfang Dushibao [Southern City Daily] (2004) Muyu Baoweizhan: Paihuai zai Aiyutong de Bianyuan [The fight to protect mother tongue: Meandering on the borders of love and pain], 16 November.
66. Niyaz, H. (1998) Guanyu ‘Min-Han Jiantong’jiqi Biaozhun. [On ‘Min-Han Jiantong’ and its Criteria]. Yuyan yu Fanyi [Language and Translation] 55 (3), 62-65.
67. Paulston, C.B. (1992) Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
68. Pavlenco, A. and Blackledge, A. (eds) (2004) Negotiation of Identities in Multilingual Contexts. Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto and Sydney: Multilingual Matters.
69. Qian, M.H. (2002) Duoyuan Wenhua Beijinxiade Jiaoyu Gongping Wenti [Educational equality under multicultural situations]. Xibei Minzu Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Northwest Minority College] 6, 99-103.
70. Qin, Q.G. (2005) Tigao Shuangyu Jiaoxue Zhiliang de Diaocha yu Celue Sikao [Survey and considerations for improving quality of bilingual education]. Dianzi Keji Daxue Xuebao [Journal of UESTC] 7, 130-132.
71. Richards, J., Platt, J. and Platt, H. (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Harlow: Longman.
72. Ross, H.A. (1992) Foreign language education as a barometer of modernization. In R. Hayhoe (ed.) Education and Modernization: The Chinese Experience (pp. 239-254).Oxford: Pergamon.
73. Ross, H.A. (1993) China Learns English: Language Teaching and Social Change in the People’s Republic. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
74. Schmidt, R. (2000) Language Policy and Identity Policy in the United States. Philadelphia, PA: Temple Univ. Press.
75. Shen, L.J. and Luo, B. (2001) Tangaoxiao Yi-Han Shuangyu Jiaoyu “Yilei Muoshi” de Shengyuan Wenti [A discussion on the issue of poor student intake for the “First Model” of bilingual education in Yi-Han Tertiary institutions]. Zhongguo Minzu Jiaoyu [Minority Education in China] 4, 29-31.
76. Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1981) Bilingualism or Not: The Education of Minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
77. Soja, E.W. (1996) Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-And-Imagined Places. Cambridge, MA; Oxford: Blackwell.
78. Sun, X.Y. and Gai, S.P. (2005) Ying-Han Shuangyu Jiaoxue de Yousi [Worry about English-Chinese bilingual teaching]. Heilongjiang Gaojiao Yanjiu [Heilongjiang Research on Higher Education] 134 (6), 124-127.
79. Tajfel, H. (1981) Human Groups and Social Categories. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press.
80. Teng, X. (1996a) Zhongguo Shaoshu Minzu Shuangyu Jiaoyu Yanjiu de Duixiang, Tedian, Neirong yu Fangfa [Subjects, features, content and methodology in researching bilingual education for Chinese minority groups]. Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Ethnic Education Research] 2, 44-53.
81. Teng, X. (1996b) “Zhonghua Minzu Duoyuan Yiti Geju” Sixiang yu Zhongguo Shaoshu Minzu Shuangyu Jiaoyu [The structure of pluralist inclusion of Chinese minorities”]. Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Ethnic Education Research] 4, 42-49.
82. Teng, X. (2000) Liangshan Yizu Sheqiu Xuexiao Shishi Yi-Han Shuangyu Jiaoyu de Biyaoxing [Necessity of conducting Yi-Han bilingual education in community schools in Liangshan]. Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Ethnic Education Research] 1, 5-25.
83. Teng, X. (2004) Xiaokang Shihui yu Xibu Pianyuan Pingkun Diqu Shaoshu Minzu Jichu Jiaoyu [On the well-off society and elementary education for the poor minorities in West China]. Yunnan Minzu Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University] 21 (4), 148-150.
84. Tian, J.L. (2001) Xizong Sanyu Jiaoxue de Zuotian, Jingtian he Mingtian [Past, today and future of trilingual education in Tibet]. Xizong Daoxue Xuebao [Journal of Tibet University] 16 (4), 49 and 75-79.
85. Tosi, A. (1988) The jewel in the crown of the modern prince: The new approach to bilingualism in multicultural education in England. In T. Skutnabb-Kungas and J. Cummins (eds) Minority Education: From Shame to Struggle. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
86. Turner, B.S. (1990) Theories of Modernity and Postmodernity. London: Sage.
87. Wang, B.H. (2003a). Shuangyu Jiaoyu yu Shuangyu Jiaoxue: Zhongwai Bijiao [Bilingual education and bilingual teaching: A Sino-foreign comparison]. Wen Hui Bao [Wen Hui Daily], 9 November, p. 11.
88. Wang, B.H. (ed.) (2003b) Shuangyu jiaoyu yu shuangyu jiaoxue [Bilingual Education and Bilingual Teaching]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaoyu Chubanshe.
89. Wang, B.H. (2005) Zhongwai bijiao: Shuangyu jiaoyu de jieding, shuxin yu mudi [A Sino-foreign comparison: The scope, form and aim of bilingual education]. Jiaoyu Fazhan Yanjiu [Research in Education Development] 6, 49-53.
90. Wang, H.Y. (2004) Shuangyu Jiaoyu, Fazhan Duoyuan Yiti Wenhua de Biranzhilu [Bilingual education:Apath to developing a multiculturally integrated culture]. Zhongguo Minzu Jiaoyu [Chinese Nationality Education] 4, 20-22.
91. Wu, J.W. (1994) Shilun Peiyang Fuhexing Rencai [A tentative discussion on talents with integrated competence]. Gaodeng Gongcheng Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Research in Higher Engineering Education] 4, 49-52 and 62.
92. Wu, Y.M. (2002) Yunnansheng Shaoshu Minzu Xuesheng Gonggong Yingyu Xuexi Kunnan Yingsu Qianxi [An analysis of the barriers to learning College English encountered by minority students in Yunnan]. Yunnan Caijing Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics] 18 (6), 116-120.
93. Xiang, X.H., Du, H.P., Jia, N. and Chen, J.M. (2005) Zongzu Nuxuesheng Yingyu Xuexi Nandian Poxi [An Analysis of the difficulties Tibetan female students face in English learning]. Xinan Minzu Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Southeast University of Nationalities] 23 (6), 367-370.
94. Xu, K.Q. (2003) ‘Shuangyu Jiaoxue’ Rezhong Yinguanzhu Zhonghua Minzu Wenhua Yishi Wenti [Beware of the loss of Chinese culture in the fervour of ‘bilingual schooling’]. Waiyu Jiaoxue [Foreign Language Education] 25 (3), 86-89.
95. Yan, G.C. (2004) Zhiyi Shuangyu Jiaoyu [Reservation on bilingual schooling]. Tansuo yu Zhengming [Exploration and Argumentation] 8, 16-18.
96. Yang, L. (1998) Shixi “Liangzhong Muoshi’' de Shuangyu Jiaoyu [An analysis of the “Two Models’' in bilingual education]. Xinan Minzu Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of the Southwest Institute for Ethnic Groups] 19, 46-47 and 72.
97. Yang, L.P. (2003) Quanqiu Xinxi Gongxiang yu Fazhan Zhuangying Shuangyu Jiaoyu de Gouxiang [Thoughts on sharing global information and developing Zhuang and English bilingual education]. Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu 14 (2), 66-70.
98. Yu, J. (1997) Feizhili Yinsu yu Shaoshu Minzu Daxuesheng de Yingyu Xuexi [Non-intelligence factors in minority students’ learning English]. Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Nationalities Education Research] 3, 30-31.
99. Yu, L.M. (2006) Jianada shuangyu jiaoyu he Zhongguo shuangyu jiaoxue de kebixin [Compatibility of bilingual education in Canada and Bilingual teaching in China]. On WWW at http://www.zhuoda.org/cs/64237.html. Accessed 27.7.06.
100. Zhongguo Jiaoyubao [Chinese Education Daily] (2003) Shuangyu Jiaoyu yu Minzu Jingsheng [Bilingual education and national spirit], 11 March, Section 7.
101. Zhongguo Minzu Jiaoyu [Chinese Nationality Education] (2000) ‘Jiu-Wu’ Qijian Woguo Shaosu Minzu Jiaoyu Qiude Jiuda Chenjiu [Great achievements in minority education in the ‘Nine-Five’ period] 5, 3-4.
102. Zhou, D.S. and Zhao, X.J. (2003) Tangaoxiao Hanyu Shouke yu Xingjiang Minzu Jaioyu Zhiliang de Tigao [A View on Chinese language education and the quality of minority education in Xingjiang]. Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Journal of Research on Ethnic Minorities] 56 (14), 56-61.
103. Zhu, P. (2003) Lun Shanghai zhongxiaoxue shuangyu jiaoxue shiyan [On bilingual teaching experiments in Shanghai primary and secondary schools]. Kecheng, Jiaocai, Jiaofa [Curriculum, Teaching Resources, Methodology] 6, 52-58.
104. Zhu, P. (2004) Shuangyu jiaoxue de dingwei, fenlei, renwu he mushi [Objective, typology, tasks and models of bilingual teaching]. Jisuanji Jiaoyuxue [Teaching and Learning Through Computers] 3, 13-14.