Cell cycle-dependent regulation of the bi-directional overlapping promoter of human BRCA2/ZAR2 genes in breast cancer cells

Molecular Cancer

Volumn 9, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Misra, Smita ^a   Sharma, Shvetank ^a   Agarwal, Anupriya ^a   Khedkar, Sheetal V ^a   Tripathi, Manish K ^a   Mittal, Mukul K ^a   Chaudhuri, Gautam ^a  

^a MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRCA2 PROTEIN; GENOMIC DNA; MESSENGER RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ZAR1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ZAR2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZINC FINGER PROTEIN; ZAR2 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

5' UNTRANSLATED REGION; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; BI DIRECTIONAL ACTIVITY; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CELL; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL CYCLE G0 PHASE; CELL CYCLE G1 PHASE; CELL CYCLE G2 PHASE; CELL CYCLE REGULATION; CELL CYCLE S PHASE; CELL NUCLEUS; CODON; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOPLASM; DNA SEQUENCE; EXON; GENE ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC CONSERVATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; INTRON; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION SITE; ANIMAL; BREAST TUMOR; CELL CYCLE; CYTOSOL; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GENE SILENCING; GENETICS; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; TUMOR CELL LINE; VERTEBRATE;

5' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS; ANIMALS; BRCA2 PROTEIN; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL CYCLE; CELL LINE, TUMOR; CELL NUCLEUS; CODON; CONSERVED SEQUENCE; CYTOSOL; EXONS; FEMALE; G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; GENE KNOCKDOWN TECHNIQUES; GENE REARRANGEMENT; HUMANS; INTRONS; PROMOTER REGIONS, GENETIC; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; RNA, MESSENGER; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; VERTEBRATES;

EID: 77951268730     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14764598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-50     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Palacios J, Robles-Frías MJ, Castilla MA, López-García MA, Benítez J. The molecular pathology of hereditary breast cancer. Pathobiology 2008, 75:85-94. 10.1159/000123846, 18544963.
2. Olopade OI, Grushko TA, Nanda R, Huo D. Advances in breast cancer: pathways to personalized medicine. Clin Cancer Res 2008, 14:7988-7999. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1211, 19088015.
3. Campeau PM, Foulkes WD, Tischkowitz MD. Hereditary breast cancer: new genetic developments, new therapeutic avenues. Hum Genet 2008, 124:31-42. 10.1007/s00439-008-0529-1, 18575892.
4. Venkitaraman AR. Linking the cellular functions of BRCA genes to cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Annu Rev Pathol 2009, 4:461-87. 10.1146/annurev.pathol.3.121806.151422, 18954285.
5. Agalliu I, Kwon EM, Zadory D, McIntosh L, Thompson J, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA. Germline mutations in the BRCA2 gene and susceptibility to hereditary prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13:839-843. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2164, 17289875.
6. Agalliu I, Karlins E, Kwon EM, Iwasaki LM, Diamond A, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL. Rare germline mutations in the BRCA2 gene are associated with early-onset prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2007, 97:826-831. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603929, 2360390, 17700570.
7. Edlich RF, Cross CL, Wack CA, Chase ME, Lin KY, Long WB. Breast cancer and ovarian cancer genetics: an update. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2008, 27:245-256.
8. Prat J, Ribé A, Gallardo A. Hereditary ovarian cancer. Hum Pathol 2005, 36:861-870. 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.06.006, 16112002.
9. Akbari MR, Malekzadeh R, Nasrollahzadeh D, Amanian D, Islami F, Li S, Zandvakili I, Shakeri R, Sotoudeh M, Aghcheli K, Salahi R, Pourshams A, Semnani S, Boffetta P, Dawsey SM, Ghadirian P, Narod SA. Germline BRCA2 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2008, 27:1290-1296. 10.1038/sj.onc.1210739, 17724471.
10. Koorstra JB, Hustinx SR, Offerhaus GJ, Maitra A. Pancreatic carcinogenesis. Pancreatology 2008, 8:110-125. 10.1159/000123838, 2663569, 18382097.
11. Jimeno A, Hidalgo M. Molecular biomarkers: their increasing role in the diagnosis, characterization, and therapy guidance in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2006, 5:787-796. 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0005, 16648548.
12. Thorlacius S, Struewing JP, Hartge P, Olafsdottir GH, Sigvaldason H, Tryggvadottir L, Wacholder S, Tulinius H, Eyfjord JE. Population-based study of risk of breast cancer in carriers of BRCA2 mutation. Lancet 1998, 352:1337-1339. 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03300-5, 9802270.
13. Easton D. Breast cancer genes--what are the real risks?. Nat Genet 1997, 16:210-211. 10.1038/ng0797-210, 9207777.
14. Bertwistle D, Swift S, Marston NJ, Jackson LE, Crossland S, Crompton MR, Marshall CJ, Ashworth A. Nuclear location and cell cycle regulation of the BRCA2 protein. Cancer Res 1997, 57:5485-5488.
15. Wang J, Bian C, Li J, Couch FJ, Wu K, Zhao RC. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 down-regulates BRCA2 expression through the BRCA2 promoter. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:36249-36256. 10.1074/jbc.M803693200, 2605989, 18990703.
16. Boulton SJ. Cellular functions of the BRCA tumor-suppressor proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2006, 34:633-645. 10.1042/BST0340633, 17052168.
17. Sharan C, Hamilton NM, Parl AK, Singh PK, Chaudhuri G. Identification and characterization of a transcriptional silencer upstream of the human BRCA2 gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999, 265:285-290. 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1652, 10558858.
18. Davis PL, Miron A, Andersen LM, Iglehart JD, Marks JR. Isolation and initial characterization of the BRCA2 promoter. Oncogene 1999, 18:6000-6012. 10.1038/sj.onc.1202990, 10557089.
19. Wu K, Jiang SW, Thangaraju M, Wu G, Couch FJ. Induction of the BRCA2 promoter by nuclear factor-kappa B. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:35548-35556. 10.1074/jbc.M004390200, 10961992.
20. Wu K, Jiang SW, Couch FJ. p53 mediates repression of the BRCA2 promoter and down-regulation of BRCA2 mRNA and protein levels in response to DNA damage. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:15652-15660. 10.1074/jbc.M211297200, 12591928.
21. Tripathi MK, Misra S, Khedkar SV, Hamilton N, Irvin-Wilson C, Sharan C, Sealy L, Chaudhuri G. Regulation of BRCA2 gene expression by the SLUG repressor protein in human breast cells. J Biol Chem 2005, 280:17163-17171. 10.1074/jbc.M501375200, 15734731.
22. Sangiorgio L, Strumbo B, Brevini TA, Ronchi S, Simonic T. A putative protein structurally related to zygote arrest 1 (Zar1), Zar1-like, is encoded by a novel gene conserved in the vertebrate lineage. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008, 150:233-239. 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.03.007, 18442940.
23. Yang MQ, Koehly LM, Elnitski LL. Comprehensive annotation of bidirectional promoters identifies co-regulation among breast and ovarian cancer genes. PLoS Comput Biol 2007, 3:e72. 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030072, 1853124,1853124, 17447839.
24. Mittal M, Myers JN, Misra S, Bailey CK, Chaudhuri G. In vivo binding to and functional repression of the VDR gene promoter by SLUG in human breast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008, 372:30-34. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.187, 18485278.
25. Su LK, Wang SC, Qi Y, Luo W, Hung MC, Lin SH. Characterization of BRCA2: temperature sensitivity of detection and cell-cycle regulated expression. Oncogene 1998, 17:2377-2381. 10.1038/sj.onc.1202162, 9811469.
26. Ko E, Lee J, Lee H. Essential role of brc-2 in chromosome integrity of germ cells in C. elegans. Mol Cells 2008, 26:590-594.
27. Hartley CL, McCulloch R. Trypanosoma brucei BRCA2 acts in antigenic variation and has undergone a recent expansion in BRC repeat number that is important during homologous recombination. Mol Microbiol 2008, 68:1237-1251. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06230.x, 2408642, 18430140.
28. Misra S, Hall M, Chaudhuri G. Molecular characterization of a human BRCA2 homolog in Leishmania donovani. J Parasitol 2005, 91:1492-1495. 10.1645/GE-579R.1, 16539040.
29. Mao N, Kojic M, Holloman WK. Role of Blm and collaborating factors in recombination and survival following replication stress in Ustilago maydis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009, 8:752-759. 10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.02.006, 19349216.
30. Meijer HA, Thomas AA. Control of eukaryotic protein synthesis by upstream open reading frames in the 5'-untranslated region of an mRNA. Biochem J 2002, 367:1-11. 10.1042/BJ20011706, 1222879, 12117416.
31. Irvin-Wilson CV, Chaudhuri G. Alternative initiation and splicing in dicer gene expression in human breast cells. Breast Cancer Res 2005, 7:R563-R569. 10.1186/bcr1043, 1175071, 15987463.
32. Ferreira R, Ohneda K, Yamamoto M, Philipsen S. GATA1 function, a paradigm for transcription factors in hematopoiesis. Mol Cell Biol 2005, 25:1215-1227. 10.1128/MCB.25.4.1215-1227.2005, 548021, 15684376.
33. Beuling E, Bosse T, aan de Kerk DJ, Piaseckyj CM, Fujiwara Y, Katz SG, Orkin SH, Grand RJ, Krasinski SD. GATA4 mediates gene repression in the mature mouse small intestine through interactions with friend of GATA (FOG) cofactors. Dev Biol 2008, 322:179-189. 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.07.022, 18692040.
34. Roos WP, Nikolova T, Quiros S, Naumann SC, Kiedron O, Zdzienicka MZ, Kaina B. Brca2/Xrcc2 dependent HR, but not NHEJ, is required for protection against O(6)-methylguanine triggered apoptosis, DSBs and chromosomal aberrations by a process leading to SCEs. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009, 8:72-86. 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.09.003, 18840549.
35. Trinklein ND, Aldred SF, Hartman SJ, Schroeder DI, Otillar RP, Myers RM. An abundance of bidirectional promoters in the human genome. Genome Res 2004, 14:62-66. 10.1101/gr.1982804, 314279, 14707170.
36. Adachi N, Lieber MR. Bidirectional gene organization: a common architectural feature of the human genome. Cell 2002, 109:807-809. 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00758-4, 12110178.
37. Nakajima Y, Okamoto H, Kubo T. Expression cloning of Xenopus zygote arrest 2 (Xzar2) as a novel epidermalization-promoting factor in early embryos of Xenopus laevis. Genes Cells 2009, 14:583-595. 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2009.01291.x, 19371384.
38. Wang SC, Shao R, Pao AY, Zhang S, Hung MC, Su LK. Inhibition of cancer cell growth by BRCA2. Cancer Res 2002, 62:1311-1314.
39. Gochhait S, Bukhari SI, Bairwa N, Vadhera S, Darvishi K, Raish M, Gupta P, Husain SA, Bamezai RN. Implication of BRCA2 -26G>A 5' untranslated region polymorphism in susceptibility to sporadic breast cancer and its modulation by p53 codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism. Breast Cancer Res 2007, 9:R71. 10.1186/bcr1780, 2242669, 17945002.
40. Hawkins PG, Santoso S, Adams C, Anest V, Morris KV. Promoter targeted small RNAs induce long-term transcriptional gene silencing in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2009, 37:2984-2995. 10.1093/nar/gkp127, 2685082, 19304753.
41. Kawasaki H, Taira K. Transcriptional gene silencing by short interfering RNAs. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2005, 7:125-131.
42. Tian XX, Rai D, Li J, Zou C, Bai Y, Wazer D, Band V, Gao Q. BRCA2 suppresses cell proliferation via stabilizing MAGE-D1. Cancer Res 2005, 65:4747-4753. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0018, 15930293.