Work-life balance - a neglected issue among Austrian female expatriates

International Journal of Human Resource Management

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 455-487

  Fischlmayr, Iris C ^a   Kollinger, Iris ^b  

^a JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITY LINZ   (Austria)

^b VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS   (Austria)

Author keywords

Expatriation; Female expatriates; Grounded theory method; International assignments; Qualitative research; Work life balance

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951225213     PISSN: 09585192     EISSN: 14664399     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09585191003611978     Document Type: Article

References (157)

1. Adler, N. (1979), 'Women as Androgynous Managers: A Conceptualization of the Potential for American Women in International Management,' International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 3, 407-436.
2. Adler, N. (1987), 'Pacific Basin Managers: A Gaijin, Not A Woman,' Human Resource Management, 26, 2, 169-191.
3. Adler, N. (1997), International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviour (3rd ed.), Cincinnati, OH: South Western College Publications.
4. Allen, T.D., Herst, D.E., Bruck, C.S., and Sutton, M. (2000), 'Consequences Associated With Work- to-Family Conflict: A Review and Agenda for Future Research,' Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 2, 278-308.
5. Aryee, S., Srinivas, E.S., and Tan, H.H. (2005), 'Rhythms of Life: Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Balance in Employed Parents,' Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1, 132-146.
6. Axel, M., and Prumper, J. (1997), 'Interkulturelle Kompetenz durch interkulturelles Training,' in Internationales Personalmanagement, eds. A. Clermont and W. Schmeisser, Munchen: Vahlen, pp. 349-372.
7. Badura, B., Schellschmidt, H., and Vetter, C. (2004), Fehlzeiten-Report 2003 - Wettbewerbsfaktor Work-Life-Balance. Betriebliche Strategien zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf, Familie und Privatleben, Berlin: Springer.
8. Becker, G.S. (1991), A Treatise on the Family, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
9. Becker, M. (2002), Personalentwicklung: Bildung, Forderung und Organisationsentwicklung in Theorie und Praxis (3rd ed.), Stuttgart: Schaffer-Poeschel.
10. Bernas, K.H., and Major, D.A. (2000), 'Contributors to Stress Resistance - Testing a Model of Women's Work-Family Conflict,' Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 170-178.
11. Bhanugopan, R., and Fish, A. (2006), 'An Empirical Investigation of Job Burnout among Expatriates,' Personnel Review, 35, 4, 449-468.
12. Bittner, A. (2000), 'Reintegration von Europa Entsandten,' in Personalmanagement in Europa (Schriftenreihe Wirtschaftspsychologie), eds. E. Regnet and L. Hofmann, Göting: Hogrefe, Verlag für angewandte Psychologie, pp. 304-319.
13. Black, J.S., and Gregersen, H.B. (1991), 'A Practical but Theory-Based Framework for Selecting Cross-Cultural Training Methods,' in International Human Resource Management, eds. M. Mendenhall and G. Oddou, Boston: PWS-Kent, pp. 177-203.
14. Black, J.S., and Gregersen, H.B. (1992), 'Serving Two Masters: Managing the Dual Allegiance of Expatriate Employees,' Sloan Management Review, Summer, 61-71.
15. Black, J.S., and Gregersen, H.B. (1999), 'The Right Way to Manage Expats,' Harvard Business Review, 77, 52-62.
16. Black, J.S., Gregersen, H.B., and Mendenhall, M. (1992), Global Assignments, San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass Inc. Publishers.
17. Black, J.S., Gregersen, H.B., Mendenhall, M.E., and Stroh, L. (1999), Globalizing People through International Assignments, Reading, MA, Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
18. Black, J.S., and Mendenhall, M. (1990), 'Cross-Cultural Training Effectiveness: A Review and a Theoretical Framework for Future Research,' Academy of Management Review, 15, 1, 113-136.
19. Black, J.S., and Mendenhall, M. (1991), 'A Practical but Theory-Based Framework for Selecting Cross-Cultural Training Methods,' in International Human Resource Management, eds. M. Mendenhall and G. Oddou, Boston, MA: PWS-Kent, pp. 177-203.
20. Boyacigiller, N.A. (1998), 'The International Assignment Reconsidered: Environmental and Organizational Characteristics to Consider when Assigning US Nationals Abroad,' in Readings and Cases in International Human Resource Management, eds. M. Mendenhall and G.R. Oddou, Boston, MA: PWS-Kent, pp. 148-155.
21. Brandenburger, M. (1995), Interkulturelles Management/ Ein Konzept zur Entsendung von Führungskräften unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Auswahl und Vorbereitung, Köln: Bottermann und Bottermann.
22. Brunn, R., and Hauser, E. (1997), 'Mitarbeiter ohne Grenzen/ Elemente des Personalmanagements in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit,' in Internationales Personalmanagement, eds. A. Clermont and W. Schmeisser, Munchen: Vahlen, pp. 503-526.
23. Burke, R.J. (2002), 'Organizational Values, Job Experiences and Satisfactions Among Managerial and Professional Women and Men: Advantage Men?' Women in Management Review, 17, 5, 228-236.
24. Caligiuri, P.M. (2000), 'Selecting Expatriates for Personality Characteristics: A Moderating Effect of Personality on the Relationship between Host National Contact and Cross-Cultural Adjustment,' Management International Review, 40, 1, 61-80.
25. Caligiuri, P.M., Joshi, A., and Lazarova, M. (1999), 'Factors Influencing the Adjustment of Women on Global Assignments,' The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10, 2, 163-179.
26. Cassens, M. (2003), Work-Life-Balance: Wie Sie Berufs- und Privatleben in Einklang bringen, München: Beck-Wirtschaftsberater im dtv.
27. Cinamon, R.G. (2006), 'Anticipated Work-Family Conflict: Effects of Gender, Self-Efficacy, and Family Background,' The Career Development Quarterly, 54, 3, 202-215.
28. Clark, S. (2000), 'Work-Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work-Life Balance,' Human Relations, 53, 6, 747-770.
29. Collings, D.G., Scullion, H., and Morley, M.J. (2007), 'Changing Patterns of Global Staffing in the Multinational Enterprise: Challenges to the Conventional Expatriate Assignment and Emerging Alternatives,' Journal of World Business, 42, 2, 198-213.
30. Copeland, A.P., and Nurell, S.K. (2002), 'Spousal Adjustment on International Assignments: the Role of Social Support,' International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, 255-272.
31. Coyle, W., and Shortland, S. (1992), International Relocation/A Global Perspective, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
32. Dastmalchian, A., and Blyton, P. (2001), 'Workplace Flexibility and the Changing Nature of Work: An Introduction,' Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 18, 1, 1-4.
33. DeGroot, J., Christensen, P., and Friedman, S.D. (1999), 'Work and Life: The End of the Zero-sum Game,' Harvard Business Review, 76, 6, 119-129.
34. Djarrahzadeh, M. (1993), Internationale Personalentwicklung/ Auslandische Führungskräfte in deutschen Stammhäusern, Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.
35. Domsch, M., Gurtowski, O., and Lichtenberger, B. (1991), Der internationale Einsatz von weiblichen Führungskräften/ Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie des I.P.A. Institut für Personalwesen und Arbeitswissenschaft, Hamburg: Institut für Personalwesen und Arbeitswissenschaft.
36. Dowling, P., Schuler, R., and Welch, D. (1994), International Dimensions of Human Resource Management (2nd ed.), Belmont, MA: Wadsworth.
37. Dowling, P., Welch, D., and Schuler, R. (1999), International Human Resource Management/ Managing People in a Multinational Context, Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College.
38. Fauth-Herkner, A. (2001), Flexibel ist nicht genug, München: Datakontext.
39. Fischlmayr, I.C. (2001), 'In Search of the Best Suited Expatriate/An Empirical Study on the Applicability of Literature,' Universität Linz.
40. Fischlmayr, I.C. (2002), 'Female Self Perception as Barrier to International Careers,' International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13, 5, 773-783.
41. Fischlmayr, I.C. (2004), Expatriation - Ein Handbuch zur Entsendung von Mitarbeitern ins Ausland, Linz: Trauner Verlag.
42. Fischlmayr, I.C., and Schroll-Machl, S. (2003), 'Frauen im Internationalen Management,' in Handbuch Interkulturelle Kommunikation und Kooperation, Grundlagen und Praxisfelder, eds. A. Thomas and S. Schroll-Machl, E. Kinast, S. Kammhuber, S. Stumpf and G. Layes, Göttingen: Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht, pp. 416-433.
43. Forster, N. (1997), 'The Persistent Myth of High Expatriate Failure Rates: A Reappraisal,' International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8, 414-433.
44. Forster, N. (1999), 'Another "Glass Ceiling"?: The Experiences of Women Professionals and Managers on International Assignments,' Gender, Work and Organization, 6, 2, 79-90.
45. Forster, N. (2000), 'Expatriates and the Impact of Cross-Cultural Training,' Human Resource Management Journal, 10, 3, 63-78.
46. Fritz, H. (2003), Besser leben mit Work-Life-Balance: wie Sie Karriere, Freizeit und Familie in Einklang bringen, Frankfurt am Main: Eichborn.
47. Frone, M.R. (2003), 'Work-Family Balance,' in Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology, eds. J.C. Quick and L.E. Tetrick, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 143-162.
48. Frone, M.R., Russell, M., and Cooper, L.M. (1992), 'Prevalence of Work-Family Conflict: Are Work and Family Boundaries Asymmetrically Permeable?,' Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 7, 723-729.
49. Frone, M.R., Russell, M., and Cooper, L.M. (1994), 'Relationship Between Job and Family Satisfaction: Causal or Noncausal Covariation?' Journal of Management, 20, 3, 565-579.
50. Gebert, D. (1981), Belastung und Beanspruchung in Organisationen: Ergebnisse der Stressforschung, Stuttgart: Poeschel.
51. Geschka, H. (1994), 'Der internationale Manager/ Heute und in Zukunft,' in Internationales Management/ Beiträge zur Zusammenarbeit, Eberhard Dülfer zum 70. Geburtstag, eds. B. Schiemenz and H.J. Wurl, Wiesbaden: Gabler, pp. 23-44.
52. Gilbert, L.A. (1993), Two Careers - One Family: The Promise of Gender Equality, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
53. Glaser, B.G., and Strauss, A.L. (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, New York: Aldine.
54. Glasgow, F. (1995), 'The Dual Career Dilemma,' Resident Abroad, 18-20.
55. Goulding, C. (2002), Grounded Theory, London: Sage.
56. Grant-Vallone, E.J., and Ensher, E.A. (2001), 'An Examination of Work and Personal Life Conflict, Organizational Support, and Employee Health among International Expatriates,' International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25, 261-278.
57. Green, F. (2001), 'It's Been a Hard Days Night: The Concentration and Intensification of Work in Late Twentieth-century Britain,' British Journal of Industrial Relations, 39, 1, 53-80.
58. Greenblatt, E. (2002), 'Work-Life Balance: Wisdom or Whining,' Organisational Dynamics, 31, 2, 177-193.
59. Greenhaus, J.H., and Beutell, N.J. (1985), 'Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles,' The Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
60. Gressierer, C., Linnenkohl, K., Rauschenberg, H.-J., and Schutz, R. (2001), Arbeitszeitflexibilisier- ung: Die Unternehmen und ihre Modelle (4th ed.), Heidelberg: Verlag Recht und Wirtschaft.
61. Groenewald, H., and Neubeiser, A. (2000), Die Entsendung von Mitarbeitern ins Ausland/ Zentrale Aussagen von Entsendungsrichtlinien zwanzig führender deutscher Unternehmen (2nd ed.), Siegen: Universität-Gesamthochschule.
62. Gross, P. (1994), 'Die Integration der Familie beim Auslandseinsatz von Fuhrungskräften/Möglichkeiten und Grenzen international tätiger Unternehmen,' St Gallen, Hochschule für Wirtschafts-, Rechts- und Sozialwissenschaften.
63. Guest, D.E. (2001), 'Perspectives on the Study of Work-Life Balance,' available at: www.ucm.es/ info/Psyap/enop/guest.htm
64. Guzzo, R. (1996), 'The Expatriate Employee,' in Trends in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 3), eds. C.L. Cooper and D.M. Rousseau Chichester: Wiley, pp. 123-127.
65. Hadler, A. (2001), 'Personalpolitik für weibliche und männliche Führungskräfte: Verharren im "So-als-ob"-Zustand der formalen Chancengleichheit oder Aufbruch zur Durchsetzung einer faktischen Gleichstellung?' in Chancengleichheit durch Personalpolitik/Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in Unternehmen und Verwaltungen/Rechtliche Regelungen, Problemanalysen, Lösungen (3rd ed.), ed. G. Krell, Wiesbaden: Gabler, pp. 401-420.
66. Harris, H. (1995), 'Organizational Influences on Women's Career Opportunities in International Management,' Women in Management Review, 10, 3, 26-31.
67. Harris, H. (2004), 'Global Careers: Work-life issues and the Adjustment of Women International Managers,' The Journal of Management Development, 23, 9, 818-832.
68. Harvey, M. (1985), 'The Executive Family: An Overlooked Variable in International Assignments,' Columbia Journal of World Business, 20, 84-92.
69. Harvey, M., and Wiese, D. (1998), 'The Dual Career Couple: Female Expatriates and Male Trailing Spouses,' Thunderbird International Business Review, 40, 4, 359-388.
70. Harvey, M., Buckley, M.R., Novicevic, M.M., and Wise, D. (1999), 'Mentoring Dual-Career Expatriates: In Sense-Making and Sense-Giving Social Support Process,' International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10, 5, 808-827.
71. Harzing, A.W., and Christensen, C. (2004), 'Expatriate Failure: Time to Abandon the Concept?' Career Development International, 9, 7, 616-626.
72. Harzing, A.W., and Ruysseveldt, J. (2004), International Human Resource Management, London: Sage.
73. Hendry, C. (1994), Human Resource Strategies for International Growth, London: Routledge.
74. Hill, E.J., Jacob, J.I., Shannon, L.L., Brennan, R.T., Blanchard, V.L. and Martinengo, G. (2008), 'Exploring the Relationship or Workplace Flexibility, Gender, and Life Stage to Family-to-work Conflict, and Stress and Burnout,' Community, Work, and Family, 11, 2, 165-181.
75. Hofbauer, J., and Fischlmayr, I.C. (2005), 'The Feminization of International Assignments: Conquering Empty Castles?' International Studies of Management and Organization, Special Issue on Expatriation, 34, 3, 46-67.
76. Holtbrügge, D., and Schillo, K. (2006), 'Virtuelle Auslandsentsendungen,' WiSt, Heft, 6, 320-324.
77. Izraeli, D.N. (1994), 'Money Matters: Spousal Incomes and Family/Work Relations among Physician Couples in Israel,' The Sociological Quarterly, 35, 1, 69-84.
78. James, S., Hunsley, J., Navara, G.S., and Alles, M. (2004), 'Marital, Psychological, and Sociocultural Aspects of Sojourner Adjustment: Expanding the Field of Enquiry,' International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28, 111-126.
79. Jedinger, B. (2008), 'Female Expatriates on International Assignments: Support Measures concerning Work-Life-Balance,' unpublished thesis, Johannes Kepler University, Linz.
80. Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, D.L., Quinn, R., Snoek, J.D., and Rosenthal, R.A. (1964), Organizational Stress, New York: Wiley.
81. Kammel, A., and Teichelmann, D. (1994), Internationaler Personaleinsatz, München-Wien: Oldenbourg Verlag.
82. Kiechl, R., and Kopper, E. (1992), 'Führungskräfte in fremden Kulturen,' in Internationales Personalmarketing/ Konzepte, Erfahrungen, Perspektiven, eds. H. Strutz and K. Wiedemann, Wiesbaden: Gabler, pp. 111-124.
83. Kirk, W., and Maddox, R. (1988), 'International Management/ The New Frontier for Women,' Personell, 65, 3, 46-49.
84. Kogut, B., and Singh, H. (1988), 'The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode,' Journal of International Business Studies, Fall, 411-432.
85. Kollinger, I. (2000), 'Der internationale Auslandseinsatz von Führungskräften - Chancen und Risiken eines Qualifizierungsinstrumentes,' Industrie Aktuell, 1, 43.
86. Kollinger, I. (2002), 'Der Auslandseinsatz von weiblichen Führungskräften,' unpublished PhD dissertation, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Dept of Human Resource Management.
87. Kollinger, I. (2005a), 'Women and Expatriate Work Opportunities in Austrian Organizations,' International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 7, 1243-1260.
88. Kollinger, I. (2005b), Der Auslandseinsatz von weiblichen Führungskräften, München/ Mering: Hampp.
89. Kollinger, I., and Linehan, M. (2008), 'Women in International Management,' in International HRM: Contemporary Issues in Europe (2nd ed.), eds. P. Sparrow, C. Brewster and M. Dickman, London: Routledge, pp. 263-288.
90. Konek, C.W., and Kitch, S.L. (1994), Women and Careers: Issues and Challenges, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
91. Kraimer, M.L., Wayne, S.J., and Jaworski, R.A. (2001), 'Sources of Support and Expatriate Performance/The Mediating Role of Expatriate Adjustment,' Personnel Psychology, 54, 71-101.
92. Kraus, D. (2008), 'Weniger Frauen an der Spitze,' Die Presse, January 25.
93. Kühlmann, T., and Stahl, G.K. (1995), 'Die Wiedereingliederung von Mitarbeitern nach einem Auslandseinsatz: Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen,' in Mitarbeiterentsendung ins Ausland, ed. T.M. Kühlmann, Göttingen: Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie, pp. 177-215.
94. Kuhlmann, T., and Stahl, G.K. (2001), 'Problemfelder des internationalen Personaleinsatzes,' in Lehrbuch der Personalpsychologie, ed. H. Schuler, Gottingen: Hogrefe, pp. 533-557.
95. Lambert, S.J. (2000), 'Added Benefits: The Link between Work-Life Benefits and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour,' Academy of Management Journal, 43, 5, 801-815.
96. Lamnek, S. (1995), Qualitative Sozialforschung (3rd ed.), Weinheim: Beltz Psychologie Verlags Union.
97. Lauterbach, W. (1991), 'Erwerbsmuster von Frauen/ Entwicklungen und Veränderungen seit Beginn des Jahrhunderts,' in Vom Regen in die Traufe/ Frauen zwischen Beruf und Familie, eds. K.U. Mayer, J. Allmendinger and J. Huinink, Frankfurt/ Main: Campus, pp. 23-56.
98. Lauth, G.W., Viebahn, P., and Jesse, J. (1987), Soziale Isolierung:Ursachen und Interventions-möglichkeiten, München: Psychologie-Verl.-Union.
99. Linehan, M. (2001), 'Networking for Female Managers' Career Development,' Journal of Management Development, 20, 10, 423-429.
100. Linehan, M. and Scullion, H. (2001), 'European Female Expatriate Careers: Critical Success Factors,' Journal of European Industrial Training, 25, 8, 392-418.
101. Macharzina, K. (1992), 'Auslandseinsatz von Mitarbeitern,' in Handwörterbuch des Personalwesens (2nd ed.), eds. E. Gaugler and W. Weber, Stuttgart: Poeschel, pp. 534-544.
102. Marx, E. (2000), Vorsicht Kulturschock/ So wird Ihr beruflicher Auslandseinsatz zum Erfolg, Frankfurt am Main: Campus.
103. Mayerhofer, H., Hartmann, L., and Herbert, A. (2004), 'Career Management Issues for Flexpatriate International Staff,' Thunderbird International Business Review, 46, 6, 647-666.
104. Mendenhall, M., and Oddou, G. (1985), 'The Dimensions of Expatriate Acculturation: A Review,' Academy of Management Review, 10, 1, 39-47.
105. Mendenhall, M., Punett, B.J., and Ricks, D. (1995), Global Management, Cambridge MA: Blackwell.
106. Monka, D. (1992), 'Auslandseinsatz als Instrument der Personalentwicklung,' in Internationales Personalmarketing/ Konzepte, Erfahrungen, Perspektiven, eds. H. Strutz and K. Wiedemann, Wiesbaden: Gabler, pp. 85-94.
107. Montgomery, A.J., Peeters, M.C.W., Schaufeli, W.B., and Den Ouden, M. (2003), 'Work Home Interference among News Paper Managers: Its Relationship with Burnout and Engagement,' Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 16, 195-211.
108. Moore, F. (2007), 'Work-Life Balance: Contrasting Managers and Workers in an MNC,' Employee Relations, 29, 4 385-399.
109. Munton, A.G. (1990), 'Job Relocation, Stress and the Family,' Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, 401-406.
110. Necati, L. (2004a), 'Gleitzeit', available at: www.aus-innovativ.de/themen/gleitzeit.htm
111. Necati, L. (2004b), 'Vertrauensarbeitszeit,' available at: www.aus-innovativ.de/themen.vertrauensarbeitszeit.htm
112. Nordström, K.A. (1991), The Internationalization Process of the Firm - Searching for New Patterns and Explanations, Stockholm: Institute of International Business.
113. Pawlik, T. (2000), Personalmanagement und Auslandseinsatz/ Kulturelle und personalwirtschaftliche Aspekte, Wiesbaden: Gabler.
114. Pierce, J., and Delahaye, B. (1996), 'Human Resource Management Implications of Dual-Career Couples,' The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 7, 4, 905-923.
115. Prognos (2005), 'Work-Life-Balance: Motor für wirtschaftliches Wachstum und gesellschaftliche Stabilität. Analyse der volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte - Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse', available at: http://www.ihs.ac.at/pdf/soz/wlb_prognos.pdf
116. Punnett, B. (1997), 'Towards Effective Management of Expatriate Spouses,' Journal of World Business, 32, 243-257.
117. Punnett, B.J., Crocker, O., and Stevens, M.A. (1992), 'The Challenge for Women Expatriates and Spouses: Some Empirical Evidence,' International Journal of Human Resource Management, 3, 3, 585-592.
118. Rau, I. (1995), Weibliche Führungskräfte/ Ursachen ihrer Unterrepräsentanz und Konsequenzen für die Förderung von Frauen für Führungspositionen, Frankfurt am Main: Lang.
119. Regnet, E. (2000), 'Personalbetreuung bei Entsendungen ins Ausland,' in Personalmanagement in Europa, eds. E. Regnet and L. Hofmann, Gottingen: Hogrefe, pp. 282-303.
120. Resch, M. (2003), Work-Life Balance - neue Wege neue Wege der Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Privatleben? - Kooperation und Arbeit in vernetzten Welten, GfA Herbstkonferenz 29. und 30. September 2003, Aachen: Ergonomia Verlag, Stuttgart.
121. Ruhwandl, D. (2007), Erfolgreich ohne auszubrennen: Das Burnout-Buch für Frauen, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
122. Scherm, E. (1995), Internationales Personalmanagement, München/Wien: R. Oldenburg Verlag.
123. Segerman-Peck, L.M. (1994), Networking & Mentoring - Frauen fördern Frauen: Netzwerke und Mentorinnen; ein Leitfaden für den Weg nach oben, Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verlag.
124. Seiwert, L. (2006), Wenn du es eilig hast, gehe langsam, Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag.
125. Selmer, J., and Leung, A.S.M. (2003), 'Provision and Adequacy of Corporate Support to Male Expatriate Spouses,' Personnel Review, 32, 1, 9-21.
126. Shaffer, M.A., and Harrison, D.A. (2001), 'Forgotten Partners of International Assignments: Development and Test of a Model of Spouse Adjustment,' Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 238-254.
127. Shaffer, M.A., Harrison, D.A., and Gilley, K.M. (1999), 'Dimensions, Determinants and Differences in the Expatriate Adjustment Process,' Journal of International Business Studies, 30, 557-581.
128. Shaffer, M.A., Harrison, D.A., Gilley, K.M., and Luk, D.M. (2001a), 'Struggling for Balance amid Turbulence on International Assignments: Work-Family Conflict, Support and Commitment,' Journal of Management, 27, 99-121.
129. Shaffer, M.A., Harrison, D.A., and Joplin, J.R.W. (2001b), 'Work-Family Conflict on International Assignments: Domain-Specific and Domain-Spanning Stressors and Outcomes,' in BRC Papers on Cross-Cultural Management, Hong Kong: Baptist University.
130. Shea, G.F. (1994), Mentoring-Helping Employees Reach Their Full Potential, New York: American Management Association.
131. Shortland, S., and Cummins, S. (2007), 'Work-Life Balance: Expatriates Reflect the International Dimension,' Global Business and Organizational Excellence, Sept/Oct, 28-42.
132. Simon, R.W. (1992), 'Parental Role Strains, Salience of Parental Identity, and Gender Differences in Psychological Distress,' Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 25-35.
133. Smith, C. (1999), 'Managing the Dual Career Expatriate,' paper presented at the European Institute for Advances Studies in Management, workshop on Expatriation, 24-25 September.
134. Speer, H. (1992), 'Internationaler Einsatz von Mitarbeitern: Planung, Integration und Repatriierung,' in Internationales Personalmarketing/ Konzepte, Erfahrungen, Perspektiven, eds. H. Strutz and K. Wiedemann, Wiesbaden: Gabler, pp. 245-254.
135. Stahl, G.K. (1995), 'Die Auswahl von Mitarbeitern für den Auslandseinsatz: Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen,' in Mitarbeiterentsendung ins Ausland, ed. T.M. Kühlmann, Göttingen: Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie, pp. 31-72.
136. Stahl, G.K. (1998), Internationaler Einsatz von Führungskräften, Berlin: Oldenburg.
137. Stahl, G.K. (2001), 'The Nature and Effectiveness of Expatriate Coping Strategies,' INSEAD Working Paper Series.
138. Stahl, G.K., Miller, E., Einfalt, C., and Tung, R. (1999), 'Auslandseinsatz als Element der internationalen Laufbahngestaltung/ Ergebnisse einer Befragung von entsandten deutschen Fach- und Führungskräften in 59 Ländern,' Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, 13, 3, 334-354.
139. Stephens, G.K., and Black, J.S. (1991), 'The Impact of Spouses' Career-Orientation on Managers during International Transfers,' Journal of Management Studies, 28, 4, 417-428.
140. Strauss, A.L., and Corbin, J. (1998), Basics of Qualitative Research; Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (2nd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
141. Sturges, J., and Guest, D. (2004), 'Working to Live or Living to Work? Work/Life Balance Early in the Career,' Human Resource Management Journal, 14, 4, 5-20.
142. Suutari, V., and Brewster, C. (1998), 'International Assignments across European Borders: No Problems?' in International HRM, eds. C. Brewster and H. Harris, London: Routledge, pp. 183-202.
143. Takeuchi, R., Yun, S., and Tesluk, P.E. (2002), 'An Examination of Crossover and Spillover Effects of Spousal and Expatriate Cross-Cultural Adjustment on Expatriate Outcomes,' Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 4, 655-666.
144. Tatman, A. (2001), 'Role Stressors, Interrole Conflict and Well-Being: The Moderating Influence of Spousal Support and Coping Behaviours among Employed Parents,' A Replicative Study, unpublished Master's paper, University of Wisconsin-Stout.
145. Taubert, R., and Piorr, R. (2001), 'Schulung interkultureller Kompetenz/ Bedingung erfolgreicher Internationaler Performance?' in Strategisches Personalmanagement in Globalen Unternehmen, eds. A. Clermont and W. Schmeisser, and D. Krimphove, Munchen: Vahlen, pp. 927-944.
146. Thomas, A. (1995), 'Die Vorbereitung von Mitarbeitern für den Auslandseinsatz: Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen,' in Mitarbeiterentsendung ins Ausland, ed. T.M. Kühlmann, Göttingen: Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie, pp. 85-118.
147. Tung, R.L. (1981), 'Selection and Training of Personnel for Overseas Assignments,' Columbia Journal of World Business, 16, 1, 68-78.
148. Tung, R.L. (1982), 'Selection and Training Procedures of US, European and Japanese Multinationals,' California Management Review, 25, 1, 57-51.
149. Tung, R.L. (1987), 'Expatriate Assignments: Enhancing Success and Minimizing Failure,' Academy of Management Executive, 1, 2, 117-126.
150. Tung, R.L. (1988), 'Career Issues in International Assignments,' The Academy of Management, 2, 3, 241-244.
151. Tung, R.L. (1998), 'A Contingency Framework of Selection and Training of Expatriates Revisited,' Human Resource Management Review, 8, 1, 23-38.
152. Tung, R.L. (2000), 'Human Resource Management, International,' in The IEBM Handbook of International Business, ed. R. Tung, London: International Thomson Business Press, pp. 215-231.
153. Tzeng, R. (2006), 'Gender Issues and Family Concerns for Women with International Careers,' Women in Management Review, 21, 5, 376-392.
154. Van der Zee, K.I., Ali, A.J., and Salome, E. (2005), 'Role Interference and Subjective Well-Being among Expatriate Families,' European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, 3, 239-262.
155. Waxin, M.-F., and Panaccio, A. (2005), 'Cross-Cultural Training to Facilitate Expatriate Adjustment: It Works!' Personnel Review, 34, 1, 51-67.
156. Weber, W., Festing, M., Dowling, P., and Schuler, R. (1998), Internationales Personalmanagement, Wiesbaden: Gabler.
157. Wiegand, H. (1995), Berufstätigkeit und Aufstiegschancen von Frauen/ Eine (nicht) nur ökonomische Analyse, Forschungsinstituts für Wirtschaftspolitik an der Universität Mainz; 52, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.