Optimizing Hemodynamic Support in Septic Shock Using Central and Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation

Critical Care Clinics

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 323-333

  Maddirala, Supriya ^a   Khan, Akram ^a  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Central venous blood gas; Mixed venous blood gas; Sepsis; Septic shock

Indexed keywords

ANEMIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; ASSISTED CIRCULATION; BLEEDING; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; CARBON DIOXIDE BLOOD LEVEL; CARBON DIOXIDE MEASUREMENT; CARDIOPULMONARY HEMODYNAMICS; CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; EARLY GOAL DIRECTED THERAPY; EARLY INTERVENTION; HEART INDEX; HEART OUTPUT; HEART RATE; HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING; HUMAN; HYPOTHERMIA; HYPOXEMIA; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; NONHUMAN; OXYGEN AFFINITY; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; OXYGEN SATURATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; PULSE PRESSURE; RESUSCITATION; REVIEW; SEPTIC SHOCK; TISSUE OXYGENATION; URINE VOLUME; VENOUS OXYGEN SATURATION;

ANOXIA; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMANS; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; OXIMETRY; OXYGEN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION; SHOCK, SEPTIC;

EID: 77951175618     PISSN: 07490704     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2009.12.006     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Dellinger R.P., Levy M.M., Carlet J.M., et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008, 36(1):296-327.
2. Otero R.M., Nguyen H.B., Huang D.T., et al. Early goal-directed therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock revisited: concepts, controversies, and contemporary findings. Chest 2006, 130(5):1579-1595.
3. Edwards J.D., Brown G.C., Nightingale P., et al. Use of survivors' cardiorespiratory values as therapeutic goals in septic shock. Crit Care Med 1989, 17(11):1098-1103.
4. Rivers E.P., Rady M.Y., Martin G.B., et al. Venous hyperoxia after cardiac arrest: characterization of a defect in systemic oxygen utilization. Chest 1992, 102(6):1787-1793.
5. Hotchkiss R.S., Karl I.E. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Engl J Med 2003, 348(2):138-150.
6. Marshall J.C. Inflammation, coagulopathy, and the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Crit Care Med 2001, 29(Suppl 7):S99-106.
7. Leone M., Blidi S., Antonini F., et al. Oxygen tissue saturation is lower in nonsurvivors than in survivors after early resuscitation of septic shock. Anesthesiology 2009, 111(2):366-371.
8. Kern J.W., Shoemaker W.C. Meta-analysis of hemodynamic optimization in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2002, 30(8):1686-1692.
9. Rivers E., Nguyen B., Havstad S., et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001, 345(19):1368-1377.
10. Rady M.Y., Rivers E.P., Nowak R.M. Resuscitation of the critically ill in the ED: responses of blood pressure, heart rate, shock index, central venous oxygen saturation, and lactate. Am J Emerg Med 1996, 14(2):218-225.
11. Varpula M., Tallgren M., Saukkonen K., et al. Hemodynamic variables related to outcome in septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2005, 31(8):1066-1071.
12. Bauer P., Reinhart K., Bauer M. Significance of venous oximetry in the critically ill. Med Intensiva 2008, 32(3):134-142.
13. Fick A. Über die messung des blutquantums in den herzventrikeln. Verh Phys Med Ges Würzburg 1870, 2:16-28.
14. Reinhart K., Bloos F. The value of venous oximetry. Curr Opin Crit Care 2005, 11(3):259-263.
15. Ho K.M., Harding R., Chamberlain J. The impact of arterial oxygen tension on venous oxygen saturation in circulatory failure. Shock 2008, 29(1):3-6.
16. Van der Linden P., Gilbart E., Engelman E., et al. Effects of anesthetic agents on systemic critical O2 delivery. J Appl Phys 1991, 71(1):83-93.
17. Yazigi A., El Khoury C., Jebara S., et al. Comparison of central venous to mixed venous oxygen saturation in patients with low cardiac index and filling pressures after coronary artery surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2008, 22(1):77-83.
18. Rivers E.P., Ander D.S., Powell D. Central venous oxygen saturation monitoring in the critically ill patient. Curr Opin Crit Care 2001, 7(3):204-211.
19. Chawla L.S., Zia H., Gutierrez G., et al. Lack of equivalence between central and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Chest 2004, 126(6):1891-1896.
20. Reinhart K., Kuhn H.J., Hartog C., et al. Continuous central venous and pulmonary artery oxygen saturation monitoring in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med 2004, 30(8):1572-1578.
21. Ladakis C., Myrianthefs P., Karabinis A., et al. Central venous and mixed venous oxygen saturation in critically ill patients. Respiration 2001, 68(3):279-285.
22. Reinhart K., Rudolph T., Bredle D.L., et al. Comparison of central-venous to mixed-venous oxygen saturation during changes in oxygen supply/demand. Chest 1989, 95(6):1216-1221.
23. Tahvanainen J., Meretoja O., Nikki P. Can central venous blood replace mixed venous blood samples?. Crit Care Med 1982, 10(11):758-761.
24. Dueck M.H., Klimek M., Appenrodt S., et al. Trends but not individual values of central venous oxygen saturation agree with mixed venous oxygen saturation during varying hemodynamic conditions. Anesthesiology 2005, 103(2):249-257.
25. Pieri M., Brandi L.S., Bertolini R., et al. [Comparison of bench central and mixed pulmonary venous oxygen saturation in critically ill postsurgical patients]. Minerva Anestesiol 1995, 61(7-8):285-291. [in Italian].
26. Ho K.M., Harding R., Chamberlain J., et al. A comparison of central and mixed venous oxygen saturation in circulatory failure. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2008, [Epub ahead of print].
27. Kopterides P., Bonovas S., Mavrou I., et al. Venous oxygen saturation and lactate gradient from superior vena cava to pulmonary artery in patients with septic shock. Shock 2009, 31(6):561-567.
28. Lee J., Wright F., Barber R., et al. Central venous oxygen saturation in shock: a study in man. Anesthesiology 1972, 36(5):472-478.
29. Scheinman M.M., Brown M.A., Rapaport E. Critical assessment of use of central venous oxygen saturation as a mirror of mixed venous oxygen in severely ill cardiac patients. Circulation 1969, 40(2):165-172.
30. Rivers E. Mixed vs central venous oxygen saturation may be not numerically equal, but both are still clinically useful. Chest 2006, 129(3):507-508.
31. Pearse R., Dawson D., Fawcett J., et al. Changes in central venous saturation after major surgery, and association with outcome. Crit Care 2005, 9(6):R694-R699.
32. Krauss X.H., Verdouw P.D., Hughenholtz P.G., et al. On-line monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation after cardiothoracic surgery. Thorax 1975, 30(6):636-643.
33. Birman H., Haq A., Hew E., et al. Continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation in hemodynamically unstable patients. Chest 1984, 86(5):753-756.
34. Krafft P., Steltzer H., Hiesmayr M., et al. Mixed venous oxygen saturation in critically ill septic shock patients: the role of defined events. Chest 1993, 103(3):900-906.
35. Heiselman D., Jones J., Cannon L. Continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation in septic shock. J Clin Monit 1986, 2(4):237-245.
36. Suter P.M., Fairley B., Isenberg M.D. Optimum end-expiratory airway pressure in patients with acute pulmonary failure. N Engl J Med 1975, 292(6):284-289.
37. Jubran A., Mathru M., Dries D., et al. Continuous recordings of mixed venous oxygen saturation during weaning from mechanical ventilation and the ramifications thereof. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998, 158(6):1763-1769.
38. Snyder A.B., Salloum L.J., Barone J.E., et al. Predicting short-term outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation using central venous oxygen tension measurements. Crit Care Med 1991, 19(1):111-113.
39. Nakazawa K., Hikawa Y., Saitoh Y., et al. Usefulness of central venous oxygen saturation monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a comparative case study with end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring. Intensive Care Med 1994, 20(6):450-451.
40. Di Filippo A., Gonnelli C., Perretta L., et al. Low central venous saturation predicts poor outcome in patients with brain injury after major trauma: a prospective observational study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2009, 17(1):23.
41. Scalea T.M., Hartnett R.W., Duncan A.O., et al. Central venous oxygen saturation: a useful clinical tool in trauma patients. J Trauma 1990, 30(12):1539-1543.
42. Ander D.S., Jaggi M., Rivers E., et al. Undetected cardiogenic shock in patients with congestive heart failure presenting to the emergency department. Am J Cardiol 1998, 82(7):888-891.
43. Teboul J.L., Graini L., Boujdaria R., et al. Cardiac index vs oxygen-derived parameters for rational use of dobutamine in patients with congestive heart failure. Chest 1993, 103(1):81-85.
44. Gattinoni L., Brazzi L., Pelosi P., et al. A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. SvO2 Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med 1995, 333(16):1025-1032.
45. Jones A.E., Focht A., Horton J.M., et al. Prospective external validation of the clinical effectiveness of an emergency department-based early goal-directed therapy protocol for severe sepsis and septic shock. Chest 2007, 132(2):425-432.
46. Micek S.T., Roubinian N., Heuring T., et al. Before-after study of a standardized hospital order set for the management of septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006, 34(11):2707-2713.
47. Bellomo R., Reade M.C., Warrillow S.J. The pursuit of a high central venous oxygen saturation in sepsis: growing concerns. Crit Care 2008, 12(2):130.
48. van Beest P.A., Hofstra J.J., Schultz M.J., et al. The incidence of low venous oxygen saturation on admission to the intensive care unit: a multi-center observational study in The Netherlands. Crit Care 2008, 12(2):R33.
49. Ho B.C., Bellomo R., McGain F., et al. The incidence and outcome of septic shock patients in the absence of early-goal directed therapy. Crit Care 2006, 10(3):R80.
50. ARISE, ANZICS APD Management Committee The outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock presenting to emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand. Crit Care Resusc 2007, 9(1):8-18.
51. Gramm J., Smith S., Gamelli R.L., et al. Effect of transfusion on oxygen transport in critically ill patients. Shock 1996, 5(3):190-193.
52. Shah D.M., Gottlieb M.E., Rahm R.L., et al. Failure of red blood cell transfusion to increase oxygen transport or mixed venous PO2 in injured patients. J Trauma 1982, 22(9):741-746.
53. Fernandes C.J., Akamine N., De Marco F.V., et al. Red blood cell transfusion does not increase oxygen consumption in critically ill septic patients. Crit Care 2001, 5(6):362-367.
54. Napolitano L.M., Corwin H.L. Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin 2004, 20(2):255-268.
55. Hebert P.C., Wells G., Blajchman M.A., et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1999, 340(6):409-417.
56. Sakr Y., Chierego M., Piagnerelli M., et al. Microvascular response to red blood cell transfusion in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2007, 35(7):1639-1644.
57. Mecher C.E., Rackow E.C., Astiz M.E., et al. Venous hypercarbia associated with severe sepsis and systemic hypoperfusion. Crit Care Med 1990, 18(6):585-589.
58. Bakker J., Vincent J.L., Gris P., et al. Veno-arterial carbon dioxide gradient in human septic shock. Chest 1992, 101(2):509-515.
59. Neviere R., Chagnon J.L., Teboul J.L., et al. Small intestine intramucosal PCO(2) and microvascular blood flow during hypoxic and ischemic hypoxia. Crit Care Med 2002, 30(2):379-384.
60. Vallee F., Vallet B., Mathe O., et al. Central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference: an additional target for goal-directed therapy in septic shock?. Intensive Care Med 2008, 34(12):2218-2225.