메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 443-455

Dominance in relation to age, sex, and competitive contexts in a group of free-ranging domestic dogs

Author keywords

Age sex class relationships; Canis lupus familiaris; Food competition; Influence of competitive context; Linear dominance hierarchy

Indexed keywords

AGE CLASS; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; CANID; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; DOMESTIC SPECIES; DOMINANCE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 77951139521     PISSN: 10452249     EISSN: 14657279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arq001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (132)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 0016235113 scopus 로고
    • Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods
    • Altmann J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour. 48:227-265.
    • (1974) Behaviour , vol.48 , pp. 227-265
    • Altmann, J.1
  • 2
    • 0019090110 scopus 로고
    • Social rank and food access in red deer stags
    • Appleby MC. 1980. Social rank and food access in red deer stags. Behaviour. 74:295-309.
    • (1980) Behaviour , vol.74 , pp. 295-309
    • Appleby, M.C.1
  • 3
    • 0000866632 scopus 로고
    • The probability of linearity in hierarchies
    • Appleby MC. 1983. The probability of linearity in hierarchies. Anim Behav. 31:600-608.
    • (1983) Anim Behav , vol.31 , pp. 600-608
    • Appleby, M.C.1
  • 6
    • 0027881310 scopus 로고
    • Feeding competition among female olive baboons, Papio anubis
    • Barton A, Whiten A. 1993. Feeding competition among female olive baboons, Papio anubis. Anim Behav. 46:777-789.
    • (1993) Anim Behav , vol.46 , pp. 777-789
    • Barton, A.1    Whiten, A.2
  • 7
    • 33847683033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and competition during dyadic play in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris
    • Bauer EB, Smuts BB. 2007. Cooperation and competition during dyadic play in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris. Anim Behav. 73: 489-499.
    • (2007) Anim Behav , vol.73 , pp. 489-499
    • Bauer, E.B.1    Smuts, B.B.2
  • 8
    • 0002661178 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of "feral" and free-roving dogs in Balti-mora
    • Fox MW, editor New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold
    • Beck AM. 1975. The ecology of "feral" and free-roving dogs in Balti-mora. In: Fox MW, editor. The wild canids. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 380-390.
    • (1975) The Wild Canids , pp. 380-390
    • Beck, A.M.1
  • 9
    • 0015478878 scopus 로고
    • Development of social interaction, play, and meta-communication in mammals: An ethological perspective
    • Bekoff M. 1972. Development of social interaction, play, and meta-communication in mammals: an ethological perspective. Quart Rev Biol. 47:412-434.
    • (1972) Quart Rev Biol , vol.47 , pp. 412-434
    • Bekoff, M.1
  • 10
    • 0000052550 scopus 로고
    • Scent-marking by free-ranging domestic dogs
    • Bekoff M. 1979. Scent-marking by free-ranging domestic dogs. Biol Behav. 4:123-139.
    • (1979) Biol Behav , vol.4 , pp. 123-139
    • Bekoff, M.1
  • 11
    • 0021545780 scopus 로고
    • Life history patterns and the comparative social ecology of carnivore
    • Bekoff M, Daniels TJ, Gittleman JL. 1984. Life history patterns and the comparative social ecology of carnivore. Ann Rev Ecol Syst. 15: 191-232.
    • (1984) Ann Rev Ecol Syst , vol.15 , pp. 191-232
    • Bekoff, M.1    Daniels, T.J.2    Gittleman, J.L.3
  • 12
    • 0001232380 scopus 로고
    • Life-history patterns and sociality in Canids: Body size, reproduction, and behaviour
    • Bekoff M, Diamond J, Mitton JB. 1981. Life-history patterns and sociality in Canids: body size, reproduction, and behaviour. Oecologia. 50:386-390.
    • (1981) Oecologia , vol.50 , pp. 386-390
    • Bekoff, M.1    Diamond, J.2    Mitton, J.B.3
  • 13
    • 77956782802 scopus 로고
    • Social ecology and behavior of coyotes
    • Bekoff M, Wells MC. 1986. Social ecology and behavior of coyotes. Adv Stud Behav. 16:251-338.
    • (1986) Adv Stud Behav , vol.16 , pp. 251-338
    • Bekoff, M.1    Wells, M.C.2
  • 14
    • 0002843335 scopus 로고
    • The social behaviour of free-ranging suburban dogs
    • Berman M, Dunbar I. 1983. The social behaviour of free-ranging suburban dogs. Appl Anim Ethol. 10:5-17.
    • (1983) Appl Anim Ethol , vol.10 , pp. 5-17
    • Berman, M.1    Dunbar, I.2
  • 15
    • 0019847409 scopus 로고
    • Dominance: The baby and the bathwater
    • Bernstein IS. 1981. Dominance: the baby and the bathwater. Behav Brain Sci. 4:419-457.
    • (1981) Behav Brain Sci , vol.4 , pp. 419-457
    • Bernstein, I.S.1
  • 16
    • 0029111259 scopus 로고
    • Comparative social ecology of feral dogs and wolves
    • Boitani L, Ciucci P. 1995. Comparative social ecology of feral dogs and wolves. Ethol Ecol Evol. 7:49-72.
    • (1995) Ethol Ecol Evol , vol.7 , pp. 49-72
    • Boitani, L.1    Ciucci, P.2
  • 17
    • 65149084511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behaviour and social ecology of free-ranging dogs
    • Jensen P, editor Wallingford (UK): CAB International
    • Boitani L, Ciucci P, Ortolani A. 2007. Behaviour and social ecology of free-ranging dogs. In: Jensen P, editor. The behavioural biology of dogs. Wallingford (UK): CAB International. p. 147-165.
    • (2007) The Behavioural Biology of Dogs , pp. 147-165
    • Boitani, L.1    Ciucci, P.2    Ortolani, A.3
  • 19
    • 35848953858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding-order in an urban feral domestic cat colony: relationship to dominance rank, sex and age
    • DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.02.029, PII S0003347207003028
    • Bonanni R, Cafazzo S, Fantini C, Pontier D, Natoli E. 2007. Feeling-order in an urban feral domestic cat colony: relationship to dominance rank, sex and age. Anim Behav. 74:1369-1379. (Pubitemid 350054938)
    • (2007) Animal Behaviour , vol.74 , Issue.5 , pp. 1369-1379
    • Bonanni, R.1    Cafazzo, S.2    Fantini, C.3    Pontier, D.4    Natoli, E.5
  • 20
    • 65149087773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominance in domestic dogs-useful construct or bad habit?
    • Bradshaw WS, Blackwell EJ, Casey RA. 2009. Dominance in domestic dogs-useful construct or bad habit? J Veter Behav. 4:135-144.
    • (2009) J Veter Behav , vol.4 , pp. 135-144
    • Bradshaw, W.S.1    Blackwell, E.J.2    Casey, R.A.3
  • 23
    • 0042723178 scopus 로고
    • The social organization of free-ranging urban dogs II. Estrous groups and the mating system
    • Daniels TJ. 1983b. The social organization of free-ranging urban dogs II. Estrous groups and the mating system. Appl Anim Ethol. 10:365-373.
    • (1983) Appl Anim Ethol , vol.10 , pp. 365-373
    • Daniels, T.J.1
  • 24
    • 0024909455 scopus 로고
    • Population and social biology of free-ranging dogs, Canis familiaris
    • Daniels TJ, Bekoff M. 1989a. Population and social biology of free-ranging dogs, Canis familiaris. J Mammal. 70:754-762. (Pubitemid 20426442)
    • (1989) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.70 , Issue.4 , pp. 754-762
    • Daniels, T.J.1    Bekoff, M.2
  • 25
    • 84990813143 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal resource use by feral and abandoned dogs
    • Daniels TJ, Bekoff M. 1989b. Spatial and temporal resource use by feral and abandoned dogs. Ethology. 81:300-312.
    • (1989) Ethology , vol.81 , pp. 300-312
    • Daniels, T.J.1    Bekoff, M.2
  • 26
    • 51249173600 scopus 로고
    • Dominance and feeding competition in captive rhesus monkeys
    • Deutsch JC, Lee PC. 1991. Dominance and feeding competition in captive rhesus monkeys. Int J Primatol. 12:615-628.
    • (1991) Int J Primatol , vol.12 , pp. 615-628
    • Deutsch, J.C.1    Lee, P.C.2
  • 27
    • 0028983283 scopus 로고
    • An improved test of linearity in dominance hierarchies containing unknown or tied relationships
    • DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80053-0
    • de Vries H. 1995. An improved test of linearity in dominance hierarchies containing unknown or tied relationships. Anim Behav. 50:1375-1389. (Pubitemid 26450815)
    • (1995) Animal Behaviour , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 1375-1389
    • De Vries, H.1
  • 28
    • 0032055278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding a dominance order most consistent with a linear hierarchy: A new procedure and review
    • DOI 10.1006/anbe.1997.0708
    • de Vries H. 1998. Finding a dominance order most consistent with a linear hierarchy: a new procedure and review. Anim Behav. 55: 827-843. (Pubitemid 28219583)
    • (1998) Animal Behaviour , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 827-843
    • De Vries, H.1
  • 31
    • 0022359921 scopus 로고
    • The formal hierarchy of rhesus macaques: An investigation of the bared-teeth display
    • de Waal FBM, Luttrell LM. 1985. The formal hierarchy of rhesus macaques: an investigation of the bared-teeth display. Am J Prima-tol. 9:73-85.
    • (1985) Am J Prima-tol , vol.9 , pp. 73-85
    • De Waal, F.B.M.1    Luttrell, L.M.2
  • 32
    • 58149403755 scopus 로고
    • Competition for mates and predominant juvenile male dispersal in mammals
    • Dobson FS. 1982. Competition for mates and predominant juvenile male dispersal in mammals. Anim Behav. 30:1183-1189.
    • (1982) Anim Behav , vol.30 , pp. 1183-1189
    • Dobson, F.S.1
  • 33
    • 0027797482 scopus 로고
    • The concept and definition of dominance in animal behaviour
    • Drews C. 1993. The concept and definition of dominance in animal behaviour. Behaviour. 125:283-313. (Pubitemid 24415304)
    • (1993) Behaviour , vol.125 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 283-313
    • Drews, C.1
  • 34
    • 0027329466 scopus 로고
    • The erect 'penis' is a flag of submission in a female-dominated society: Greetings in Serengeti spotted hyenas
    • East ML, Hofer H, Wickler W. 1993. The erect 'penis' is a flag of submission in a female-dominated society: greetings in Serengeti spotted hyenas. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 33:355-370. (Pubitemid 2003914)
    • (1993) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 355-370
    • East, M.L.1    Hofer, H.2    Wickler, W.3
  • 35
    • 58149370274 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of fighting behaviour: The effect of variation in resource value
    • Enquist M, Leimar O. 1987. Evolution of fighting behaviour: the effect of variation in resource value. J Theor Biol. 127:187-205.
    • (1987) J Theor Biol , vol.127 , pp. 187-205
    • Enquist, M.1    Leimar, O.2
  • 37
    • 77951141039 scopus 로고
    • Physiological differences between alpha and subordinate wolves in a captive sibling pack
    • Folk GE, Fox M, Folk M. 1970. Physiological differences between alpha and subordinate wolves in a captive sibling pack. Am Zool. 10:487.
    • (1970) Am Zool , vol.10 , pp. 487
    • Folk, G.E.1    Fox, M.2    Folk, M.3
  • 38
    • 38249037294 scopus 로고
    • Spacing and social organization: Urban stray dogs revisited
    • Font E. 1987. Spacing and social organization: urban stray dogs revisited. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 17:319-328.
    • (1987) Appl Anim Behav Sci , vol.17 , pp. 319-328
    • Font, E.1
  • 40
    • 0012239668 scopus 로고
    • Behaviour and ecology of a small group of urban dog
    • Fox MW, Beck AM, Blackman E. 1975. Behaviour and ecology of a small group of urban dog. Appl Anim Ethol. 1:119-137.
    • (1975) Appl Anim Ethol , vol.1 , pp. 119-137
    • Fox, M.W.1    Beck, A.M.2    Blackman, E.3
  • 41
    • 58149371266 scopus 로고
    • Social organization of the spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta. II. Dominance and reproduction
    • Frank LG. 1986. Social organization of the spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta. II. Dominance and reproduction. Anim Behav. 34: 1510-1527.
    • (1986) Anim Behav , vol.34 , pp. 1510-1527
    • Frank, L.G.1
  • 42
    • 2442447216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of prey density and social dominance in determining energy intake by bears feeding on Pacific salmon
    • Gende SM, Quinn TP. 2004. The relative importance of prey density and social dominance in determining energy intake by bears feeding on Pacific salmon. Can J Zool. 82:75-85.
    • (2004) Can J Zool , vol.82 , pp. 75-85
    • Gende, S.M.1    Quinn, T.P.2
  • 44
    • 0030620315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in the canines and skulls of carnivores: Effects of size, phylogeny, and behavioural ecology
    • Gittleman JL, Van Valkenburgh B. 1997. Sexual dimorphism in the canines and skulls of carnivore: effects of size, phylogeny, and behavioural ecology. J Zool. 242:97-117. (Pubitemid 27235877)
    • (1997) Journal of Zoology , vol.242 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-117
    • Gittleman, J.L.1    Van Valkenburgh, B.2
  • 45
    • 0000456480 scopus 로고
    • Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals
    • Greenwood PJ. 1980. Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals. Anim Behav. 28:1140-1162.
    • (1980) Anim Behav , vol.28 , pp. 1140-1162
    • Greenwood, P.J.1
  • 46
    • 0000830937 scopus 로고
    • Resolution of social conflicts: Dominance, egalitarian-ism, spheres of dominance, and game theory
    • Hand JL. 1986. Resolution of social conflicts: dominance, egalitarian-ism, spheres of dominance, and game theory. Quart Rev Biol. 61:201-219.
    • (1986) Quart Rev Biol , vol.61 , pp. 201-219
    • Hand, J.L.1
  • 47
    • 3342878444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf communication
    • Mech LD, Boitani L, editors Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press
    • Harrington FH, Asa CS. 2003. Wolf communication. In: Mech LD, Boitani L, editors. Wolves: behavior, ecology, and conservation. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. p. 66-103.
    • (2003) Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 66-103
    • Harrington, F.H.1    Asa, C.S.2
  • 48
    • 0010663417 scopus 로고
    • Current veterinary therapy
    • Philadelphia (PA): W.B. Saunders
    • Kirk RW. 1977. Current veterinary therapy. Vol.VI. Small animal practice. Philadelphia (PA): W.B. Saunders.
    • (1977) Small Animal Practice , vol.6
    • Kirk, R.W.1
  • 49
    • 0017467950 scopus 로고
    • Monogamy in mammals
    • Kleiman DG. 1977. Monogamy in mammals. Quart Rev Biol. 52:39-69.
    • (1977) Quart Rev Biol , vol.52 , pp. 39-69
    • Kleiman, D.G.1
  • 50
    • 0001840535 scopus 로고
    • Coyote behaviour in the context of recent canid research
    • Bekoff M, editor. New York: Academic Press
    • Kleiman DG, Brady CA. 1978. Coyote behaviour in the context of recent canid research. Coyotes. In: Bekoff M, editor. New York: Academic Press. p. 163-188.
    • (1978) Coyotes , pp. 163-188
    • Kleiman, D.G.1    Brady, C.A.2
  • 51
    • 0027072202 scopus 로고
    • A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA
    • Lehman N, Clarkson P, Mech LD, Meier TJ, Wayne RK. 1992. A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 30:83-94. (Pubitemid 23400848)
    • (1992) Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-94
    • Lehman, N.1    Clarkson, P.2    Mech, L.D.3    Meier, T.J.4    Wayne, R.K.5
  • 52
    • 0003040966 scopus 로고
    • Variation in dog society: Between resource dispersion and social flux
    • Serpell J, editor Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press
    • Macdonald DW, Carr GM. 1995. Variation in dog society: between resource dispersion and social flux. In: Serpell J, editor. The domestic dog: its evolution, behaviour and interactions with people. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. p. 199-216.
    • (1995) The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People , pp. 199-216
    • MacDonald, D.W.1    Carr, G.M.2
  • 53
    • 33748244069 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection and the communal rearing of pups in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
    • Malcom JR, Marten K. 1982. Natural selection and the communal rearing of pups in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 10:1-13.
    • (1982) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.10 , pp. 1-13
    • Malcom, J.R.1    Marten, K.2
  • 55
    • 0001452918 scopus 로고
    • Details of a confrontation between two wild wolves
    • Mech LD. 1993. details of a confrontation between two wild wolves. Can J Zool. 71:1900-1903.
    • (1993) Can J Zool , vol.71 , pp. 1900-1903
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 57
    • 0033305616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha status, dominance, and division of labor in wolf packs
    • Mech LD. 1999. Alpha status, dominance, and division of labor in wolf packs. Can J Zool. 77:1196-1203.
    • (1999) Can J Zool , vol.77 , pp. 1196-1203
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 58
    • 0003045713 scopus 로고
    • Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?
    • Moore J, Ali R. 1984. Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related? Anim Behav. 32:94-112.
    • (1984) Anim Behav , vol.32 , pp. 94-112
    • Moore, J.1    Ali, R.2
  • 62
    • 28344437342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf behavior: Reproductive, social and intelligent
    • Mech LD, Boitani L, editors Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press
    • Packard JM. 2003. Wolf behavior: reproductive, social and intelligent. In: Mech LD, Boitani L, editors. Wolves: behavior, ecology, and conservation. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. p. 35-65.
    • (2003) Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 35-65
    • Packard, J.M.1
  • 63
    • 0031705348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonistic behaviour of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) in relation to season, sex and age
    • DOI 10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00108-7, PII S0168159198001087
    • Pal SK, Ghosh B, Roy S. 1998a. Agonistic behaviour of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) in relation to season, sex and age. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 59:331-348. (Pubitemid 28407848)
    • (1998) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-348
    • Pal, S.K.1    Ghosh, B.2    Roy, S.3
  • 64
    • 0032576603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersal behaviour of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) in relation to age, sex, season and dispersal distance
    • DOI 10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00185-3, PII S0168159198001853
    • Pal SK, Ghosh B, Roy S. 1998b. Dispersal behaviour of free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) in relation to age, sex and season. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 61:123-132. (Pubitemid 29032241)
    • (1998) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-132
    • Pal, S.K.1    Ghosh, B.2    Roy, S.3
  • 65
    • 0042009936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive behaviour of free-ranging rural dogs in West Bengal, India
    • Pal SK. 2003. Reproductive behaviour of free-ranging rural dogs in West Bengal, India. Acta Theriol. 48:271-281.
    • (2003) Acta Theriol , vol.48 , pp. 271-281
    • Pal, S.K.1
  • 66
    • 0342885775 scopus 로고
    • Role assessment, reserve strategy, and acquisition of information in asymmetric animal conflicts
    • Parker GA, Rubenstein DI. 1981. Role assessment, reserve strategy, and acquisition of information in asymmetric animal conflicts. Anim Behav. 29:221-240.
    • (1981) Anim Behav , vol.29 , pp. 221-240
    • Parker, G.A.1    Rubenstein, D.I.2
  • 67
    • 0001943268 scopus 로고
    • Wolf ecology and prey relationships on Isle Royale
    • Washington (DC): U.S. National Park Service
    • Peterson OR. 1977. Wolf ecology and prey relationships on Isle Royale. Scientific Monograph Series, 11. Washington (DC): U.S. National Park Service.
    • (1977) Scientific Monograph Series , vol.11
    • Peterson, O.R.1
  • 68
    • 0019289448 scopus 로고
    • Feeding behavior of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus): Relationship to age, gender and dominance rank
    • Post DG, Hausfater G, McCuskey SA. 1980. Feeding behavior of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus): relationship to age, gender and dominance rank. Folia Primatol. 34:170-195.
    • (1980) Folia Primatol , vol.34 , pp. 170-195
    • Post, D.G.1    Hausfater, G.2    McCuskey, S.A.3
  • 69
    • 0001531467 scopus 로고
    • Social relationships in a group of captive wolves
    • Rabb GB, Woolpy JH, Ginsburg BE. 1967. Social relationships in a group of captive wolves. Am Zool. 7:305-312.
    • (1967) Am Zool , vol.7 , pp. 305-312
    • Rabb, G.B.1    Woolpy, J.H.2    Ginsburg, B.E.3
  • 70
    • 0016965836 scopus 로고
    • Mammals in which females are larger than males
    • Ralls K. 1976. Mammals in which females are larger than males. Quart Rev Biol. 51:245-275.
    • (1976) Quart Rev Biol , vol.51 , pp. 245-275
    • Ralls, K.1
  • 71
    • 0016322338 scopus 로고
    • The concept of dominance and methods of assessment
    • Richards SM. 1974. The concept of dominance and methods of assessment. Anim Behav. 22:914-930.
    • (1974) Anim Behav , vol.22 , pp. 914-930
    • Richards, S.M.1
  • 72
    • 0013956866 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchy and organization of a captive baboon group
    • Rowell T. 1966. Hierarchy and organization of a captive baboon group. Anim Behav. 14:430-443.
    • (1966) Anim Behav , vol.14 , pp. 430-443
    • Rowell, T.1
  • 73
    • 0016074663 scopus 로고
    • The concept of social dominance
    • Rowell TE. 1974. The concept of social dominance. Behav Biol. 11:131-154.
    • (1974) Behav Biol , vol.11 , pp. 131-154
    • Rowell, T.E.1
  • 74
    • 0000730198 scopus 로고
    • Ecological behaviour of free-ranging urban pet dogs
    • Rubin HD, Beck AM. 1982. Ecological behaviour of free-ranging urban pet dogs. Appl Anim Ethol. 8:161-168.
    • (1982) Appl Anim Ethol , vol.8 , pp. 161-168
    • Rubin, H.D.1    Beck, A.M.2
  • 75
    • 39049091719 scopus 로고
    • San Francisco (CA): Sierra Club Books
    • Savage C. 1988. Wolves. San Francisco (CA): Sierra Club Books.
    • (1988) Wolves
    • Savage, C.1
  • 76
    • 77957216066 scopus 로고
    • Submission: Its features and function in the wolf and dg
    • Schenkel R. 1967. Submission: its features and function in the wolf and dg. Am Zool. 7:319-329.
    • (1967) Am Zool , vol.7 , pp. 319-329
    • Schenkel, R.1
  • 80
    • 0002833697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Friendship" for fitness or "friendship for friendship's" sake?
    • Stopka P, Johnson DD, Barret L. 2001. "Friendship" for fitness or "friendship for friendship's" sake? Anim Behav. 61:F19-F21.
    • (2001) Anim Behav , vol.61
    • Stopka, P.1    Johnson, D.D.2    Barret, L.3
  • 81
    • 0016313648 scopus 로고
    • Competitive orders as measures of social dominance
    • Syme GJ. 1974. Competitive orders as measures of social dominance. Anim Behav. 22:931-940.
    • (1974) Anim Behav , vol.22 , pp. 931-940
    • Syme, G.J.1
  • 82
    • 0000903207 scopus 로고
    • Extraterritorial movements and dispersal of wolves in southcentral Alaska
    • Van Ballenberghe V. 1983. Extraterritorial movements and dispersal of wolves in southcentral Alaska. J Mamm. 64:168-171.
    • (1983) J Mamm , vol.64 , pp. 168-171
    • Van Ballenberghe, V.1
  • 83
    • 0001808105 scopus 로고
    • Dominance and its behavioural measures in a captive wolf pack.
    • Frank HW, editor Dordrecht, Olanda (Netherlands): Junk Publishers
    • Van Hooff JARAM, Wensing JAB. 1987. Dominance and its behavioural measures in a captive wolf pack. In: Frank HW, editor. Man and Wolf. Dordrecht, Olanda (Netherlands): Junk Publishers. p. 219-252.
    • (1987) Man and Wolf , pp. 219-252
    • Van Hooff, J.AR.A.M.1    Wensing, J.A.B.2
  • 85
    • 51549093937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partner preference and asymmetries in social play among domestic dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, lit-termates
    • Ward C, Bauer EB, Smuts BB. 2008. Partner preference and asymmetries in social play among domestic dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, lit-termates. Anim behav. 76:1187-1199.
    • (2008) Anim Behav , vol.76 , pp. 1187-1199
    • Ward, C.1    Bauer, E.B.2    Smuts, B.B.3
  • 86
    • 0022220621 scopus 로고
    • Does competition drive dispersal?
    • Waser PM. 1985. Does competition drive dispersal? Ecology. 66: 1170-1175.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1170-1175
    • Waser, P.M.1
  • 87
    • 77951140763 scopus 로고
    • Sociobiologia
    • Bologna (Italy): Zanichelli
    • Wilson EO. 1979. Sociobiologia. La nuova sintesi. Bologna (Italy): Zanichelli.
    • (1979) La Nuova Sintesi
    • Wilson, E.O.1
  • 88
    • 0043201358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food competition and linear dominance hierarchy among female chimpanzees of the Tai National Park
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1024632923180
    • Wittig RM, Boesch C. 2003. Food competition and linear dominance hierarchy among female chimpanzees of the Täi National Park. Int J Primatol. 24:847-867. (Pubitemid 36953435)
    • (2003) International Journal of Primatology , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 847-867
    • Wittig, R.M.1    Boesch, C.2
  • 89
    • 0002836964 scopus 로고
    • Social dynamics of the wolf pack
    • Fox MW, editor New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold
    • Zimen E. 1975. Social dynamics of the wolf pack. In: Fox MW, editor. The wild Canids. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 336-362.
    • (1975) The Wild Canids , pp. 336-362
    • Zimen, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.