Sexual dimorphism in the canines and skulls of carnivores: Effects of size, phylogeny, and behavioural ecology

Journal of Zoology

Volumn 242, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 97-117

  Gittleman, J L ^a   Van Valkenburgh, B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOMETRY; BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY; BODY WEIGHT; BREEDING SYSTEM; PHYLOGENY; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM;

CARNIVORA;

EID: 0030620315     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb02932.x     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Bekoff, M., Daniels, T. J. & Gittleman, J. L. (1984). Life history patterns and the comparative social ecology of carnivores. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15: 191-232.
2. Caro, T. M. (1989). Determinants of asociality of felids. In Comparative socioecology: 41-74. Standen, V. & Foley, R. A. (Eds). Oxford: Blackwells.
3. Caro, T. M. (1994). Cheetahs of the Serengeti plains: group living in an asocial species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
4. Cheverud, J. M., Dow, M. M. & Leutenegger, W. (1985). The quantitative assessment of phylogenetic constraints in comparative analysis: Sexual dimorphism in body weight. Evolution 39: 1335-1351.
5. Creel, S. & Macdonald, D. (1995). Sociality, group size, and reproductive suppression in carnivores. Adv. Study Behav. 24: 203-257.
6. Crook, J. H. (1972). Sexual selection, sexual dimorphism, and social organization in the primates. In Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871-1891: 231-281. Campbell, B. G. (Ed.). Chicago: Aldine.
7. Dayan, T. & Simberloff, D. (1994). Character displacement, sexual dimorphism, and morphological variation among British and Irish muslelids. Ecology 75: 1063-1073.
8. Dayan, T., Simberloff, D., Tchernov, E. & Yom-Tov, Y. (1989). Inter- and intraspecific character displacement in mustelids. Ecology 70: 1526-1539.
9. Dayan, T., Simberloff, D., Tchernov, E. & Yom-Tov, Y. (1990). Feline canines: Community-wide character displacement among the small cats of Israel. Am. Nat. 136: 39-60.
10. Dayan, T., Simberloff, D., Tchernov, E. & Yom-Tov, Y. (1992). Canine carnassials: character displacement in the wolves, jackals and foxes of Israel. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 45: 315-331.
11. Eisenberg, J. F. (1981). The mammalian radiations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12. Emerson, S. B. & Radinsky, L. B. (1980). Functional analysis of sabertooth cranial morphology. Paleobiology 6: 295-312.
13. Ewer, R. F. (1973). The carnivores. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
14. Fox, M. W. (1971). Behaviour of wolves, dogs and related canids. New York: Harper & Row.
15. Gay, S. W. & Best, T. L. (1995). Geographic variation in sexual dimorphism of the puma (Puma concolor) in North and South America. Southwest Nat. 40: 148-159.
16. Geffen, E., Gompper, M. E., Gittleman, J. L., Luh, H.-K., Macdonald, D. W. & Wayne, R. K. (1996). Size, life history traits, and social organization in the Canidae: A reevaluation. Am. Nat. 147: 140-160.
17. Gittleman, J. L. (1985). Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates. Oecologia 67: 540-554.
18. Gittleman, J. L. (1986). Carnivore brain size, behavioral ecology, and phylogeny. J. Mammal. 67: 23-36.
19. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.) (1989a). Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
20. Gittleman, J. L. (1989b). Carnivore group-living: Comparative trends. In Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution: 183-207. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
21. Gittleman, J. L. (1991). Carnivore olfactory bulb size: allometry, phylogeny and ecology. J. Zool. (Lond.) 225: 253-272.
22. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.) (1996). Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution 2. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
23. Gittleman, J. L. & Kot, M. (1990). Adaptation: Statistics and a null model for estimating phylogenetic effects. Syst. Zool. 39: 227-241.
24. Gittleman, J. L. & Luh, H.-K. (1992). On comparing comparative methods. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23: 383-404.
25. Gittleman, J. L. & Luh, H.-K. (1994). Phylogeny, evolutionary models and comparative methods: A simulation study. In Phylogenetics and ecology: 103-122. Eggleton, P. & Vane-Wright, R. (Eds). London: Academic Press.
26. Gompper, M. E., Gittleman, J. L. & Wayne, R. K. (In press). Genetic relatedness, coalitions and social behavior of white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica). Anim. Behav.
27. Harvey, P. H. & Pagel, M. D. (1991). The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
28. Harvey, P. H., Kavanagh, M. & Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1978). Sexual dimorphism in primate teeth. J. Zool. (Lond.) 186: 475-487.
29. Kay, R. F., Plavcan, J. M., Glander, G. E. & Wright, P. C. (1988). Sexual selection and canine dimorphism in New World Monkeys. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 77: 385-397.
30. King, C. M. (1989). The natural history of weasels and stoats. Ithaca: Comstock.
31. Kitchener, A. (1991). The natural history of the wild cats. Ithaca: Comstock.
32. Kleiman, D. G. (1977). Monogamy in mammals. Q. Rev. Biol. 52: 39-69.
33. Kleiman, D. G. (1981). Correlations among life history characteristics of mammalian species exhibiting two extreme forms of monogamy. In Natural selection and social behavior: 332-344. Alexander, R. D. & Tinkle, D. W. (Eds). New York: Chiron Press.
34. Kleiman, D. G. & Eisenberg, J. F. (1973). Comparisons of canid and felid social systems from an evolutionary perspective. Anim. Behav. 21: 637-659.
35. Kruuk, H. (1989). The social badger. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
36. Kurtén, B. (1973). Geographic variation in size in the puma. Comm. Biologicae 63: 2-8.
37. Leutenegger, W. (1982). Scaling of sexual dimorphism in body weight and canine size in primates. Folia Primatol. 37: 163-176.
38. Leutenegger, W. & Cheverud, J. (1982). Correlates of sexual dimorphism in primates: Ecological and size variables. Int. J. Primatol. 3: 387-402.
39. Leutenegger, W. & Cheverud, J. M. (1985). Sexual dimorphism in primates: The effects of size. In Size and scaling in primate biology: 33-50. Jungers, W. L. (Ed.). New York: Plenum Press.
40. Leyhausen, P. (1979). Cat behavior. New York: Garland.
41. Lucas, P. W., Corlett, R. T. & Luke, D. A. (1986). Sexual dimorphism in tooth size in anthropoids. Hum. Evol. 1: 23-39.
42. Luh, H.-K. (1994). Phylogenetic autoregression. Privately Distributed by the author. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
43. Macdonald, D. W. (1983). The ecology of carnivore social behaviour. Nature (Lond.) 301: 379-384.
44. Macdonald, D. W. & Moehlman, P. D. (1982). Cooperation, altruism, and restraint in the reproduction of carnivores. Perspect. Ethol. 5: 433-467.
45. Martin, R. D., Willner, L. A. & Dettling, A. (1994). The evolution of sexual dimorphism in primates. In The differences between the sexes: 159-200. Short, R. V. & Balaban, E. (Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
46. Maynard Smith, J. (1982). Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. Moehlman, P. D. (1989). Intraspecific variation in canid social systems. In Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution: 143-163. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
48. Packer, C. & Pusey, A. E. (1982). Cooperation and competition within coalitions of male lions: kin selection or game theory? Nature (Lond.) 296: 740-742.
49. Packer, C. & Pusey, A. E. (1984). Infanticide in carnivores. In Infanticide: comparative and evolutionary perspectives: 31-42. Hausfater, G. & Hrdy, S. B. (Eds). New York: Aldine.
50. Pimm, S. L. & Gittleman, J. L. (1990). Carnivores and ecologists on the road to Damascus. Trends Ecol. Evol. 5: 70-73.
51. Plavcan, J. M. & van Schaik, C. P. (1992). Intrasexual competition and canine dimorphism in anthropoid primates. Am J. Phys. Anthropol. 87: 461-477.
52. Plavcan, J. M., van Schaik, C. P. & Kappeler, P. M. (1995). Competition, coalitions and canine size in primates. J. Hum. Evol. 28: 245-276.
53. Poole, T. B. (1967). Aspects of aggressive behaviour in polecats. Z. Tierpsychol. 24: 351-369.
54. Purvis, A., Gittleman, J. L. & Luh, H.-K. (1994). Truth or consequences: Effects of phylogenetic accuracy on two comparative methods. J. Theor. Biol. 167: 293-300.
55. Radinsky, L. B. (1973). Evolution of the canid brain. Brain Behav. Evol. 7: 169-202.
56. Radinsky, L. B. (1975). Evolution of the felid brain. Brain Behav. Evol. 11: 214-254.
57. Radinsky, L. B. (1981). Evolution of skull shape in carnivores. 1. Representative modern carnivores. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 15: 369-388.
58. Radinsky, L. B. (1984). Basicranial axis length v. skull length in analysis of carnivore skull shape. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 22: 31-41.
59. Rieger, I. (1978). Social behavior of striped hyenas at the Zurich zoo. Carnivore 1: 49-60.
60. Rood, J. P. (1986). Ecology and social evolution in the mongooses. In Ecological aspects of social evolution: Birds and mammals: 131-152. Rubenstein, D. I. & Wrangham, R. W. (Eds). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
61. Sandell, M. (1989). The mating tactics and spacing patterns of solitary carnivores. In Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution: 164-182. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
62. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti lion: a study of predator-prey relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
63. Van Valkenburgh, B. (1988). Trophic diversity in past and present guilds of large predatory mammals. Paleobiology 14: 155-173.
64. Van Valkenburgh, B. (1989). Carnivore dental adaptations and diet: A study of trophic diversity within guilds. In Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution: 410-436. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
65. Van Valkenburgh, B. & Koepfli, K.-P. (1993). Cranial and dental adaptations to predation in canids. In Mammals as predators: 15-37. Dunstone, N. & Gorman, M. L. (Eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
66. Van Valkenburgh, B. & Ruff, C. B. (1987). Canine tooth strength and killing behaviour in large carnivores. J. Zool. (Lond.) 212: 379-397.
67. Wakeley, L. G. & Mallory, F. F. (1988). Hierarchical development, agonistic behaviors, and growth rates in captive arctic fox. Can. J. Zool. 66: 1672-1678.
68. Wandrey, R. (1975). Contribution to the study of the social behaviour of captive golden jackals (Canis aureus L.). Z. Tierpsychol. 39: 365-402.
69. Wayne, R. K., Benveniste, D. N., Janczewski, D. N. & O'Brien, S. J. (1989). Molecular and biochemical evolution of the Carnivora. In Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution: 465-494. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
70. Wozencraft, W. C. (1989). Classification of the Carnivora. In Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution: 569-593. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.