SHRIMP U-Pb dating of recurrent Cryogenian and Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician alkalic magmatism in central Idaho: Implications for Rodinian rift tectonics

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 122, Issue 3-4, 2010, Pages 430-453

  Lund, K ^a   Aleinikoff, J N ^a   Evans, K V ^a   duBray, E A ^a   Dewitt, E H ^a   Unruh, D M ^a  

^a DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAMBRIANS; CONTINENTAL RIFT; DEVONIANS; EDIACARAN; FACIES BELT; GREAT BASIN; IDAHO BATHOLITH; LAURENTIAN; MAGMATISMS; NEOPROTEROZOIC; ORDOVICIAN; PALEOZOIC; PLUTONIC SUITES; RIFT SYSTEMS; SENSITIVE HIGH-RESOLUTION ION MICROPROBE; SNAKE RIVER; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STRATIGRAPHIC RECORDS; THINNED CONTINENTAL CRUST; TRANSFER ZONES; U-PB DATING; U-PB ZIRCON; WASHINGTON; WINDERMERE;

SILICATE MINERALS; STRATIGRAPHY; SUBSIDENCE; TECTONICS; VOLCANIC ROCKS; VOLCANOES;

GEOCHRONOLOGY;

CAMBRIAN; CONTINENTAL CRUST; CONTINENTAL MARGIN; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; GEOLOGICAL RECORD; MAGMATISM; ORDOVICIAN; RIFTING; RODINIA; SHRIMP DATING; TECTONIC SETTING; UPLIFT; URANIUM-LEAD DATING; VOLCANIC ROCK;

BIG CREEK; GREAT BASIN; IDAHO; ILLINOIS; SNAKE RIVER; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77950986840     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: 00167606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/B26565.1     Document Type: Article

References (224)

1. Abbott, J.G., Gordey, S.P., and Tempelman-Kluit, D.J., 1986, Setting of stratiform, sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in Yukon and northeastern British Columbia, in Morin, J., ed., Mineral Deposits of the Northern Cordillera: Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Special Volume 37, p. 1-18.
2. Aitken, J.D., 1991, The Ice Brook Formation and Post-Rapitan, Late Proterozoic Glaciation, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories: Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 404, 43 p.
3. Aitken, J.D., 1993, Proterozoic sedimentary rocks; subchapter 4A, in Stott, D.F., and Aitken, J.D., eds., Sedimentary Cover of the Craton in Canada: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. D1, p. 81-95.
4. Aitken, J.D., and Long, D.G.F., 1978, Mackenzie tectonic arc-Reflection of early basin configuration?: Geology, v. 6, p. 626-629, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1978)6<626:MTAOEB>2.0.CO;2.
5. Aleinikoff, J.N., Zartman, R.E., Walter, M., Rankin, D.W., Lyttle, P.T., and Burton, W.C., 1995, U-Pb ages of metarhyolites of the Catoctin and Mount Rogers Formations, central and southern Appalachians: Evidence for two phases of Iapetan rifting: American Journal of Science, v. 295, p. 428-454.
6. Alexander, J.T., Schmitz, M.D., and Northrup, C.J., 2006, Preliminary U/Pb zircon data from the House Mountain metamorphic complex in the Atlanta lobe of the Idaho batholith: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 38, no. 7, p. 483.
7. Allen, J.L., 2004, Timing, style, and significance of Cambrian through Laramide brittle reactivation along the Proterozoic Homestake shear zone, Colorado mineral belt: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 39, p. 65-84, doi: 10.2113/39.2.65.
8. Anderson, A.L., 1953, Gold-Copper-Lead Deposits of the Yellowjacket District, Lemhi County, Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Pamphlet 94, 41 p.
9. Anderson, A.L., 1963, Yellowjacket intrusive complex, Lemhi County, Idaho: Northwest Science, v. 37, p. 1-22.
10. Armin, R.A., and Mayer, L., 1983, Subsidence analysis of the Cordilleran miogeocline: Implications for timing of late Proterozoic rifting and amount of extension: Geology, v. 11, p. 702-705, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<702:SAOTCM>2.0.CO;2.
11. Armstrong, R.L., 1975, Precambrian (1500 m.y. old) rocks of central Idaho-The Salmon River Arch and its role in Cordilleran sedimentation and tectonics: American Journal of Science, v. 275-A, p. 437-467.
12. Armstrong, R.L., 1988, Mesozoic and early Cenozoic magmatic evolution of the Canadian Cordillera, in Clark, S.P., ed., Processes in Continental Lithosphere Deformation: Geological Society of America Special Paper 218, p. 55-91.
13. Armstrong, R.L., Taubeneck, W.H., and Hales, P.L., 1977, Rb/Sr and K/Ar geochronometry of Mesozoic granitic rocks and their Sr isotopic composition, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, p. 397-411, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<397:RAKGOM>2.0.CO;2.
14. Barberi, F., Santacroce, R., and Varet, J., 1982, Chemical aspects of rift magmatism, in Palmason, G., eds., Continental and Oceanic Rifts: American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Series, 8, p. 223-258.
15. Benvenuto, G.L., and Price, R.A., 1979, Structural evolution of the Hosmer thrust sheet, southeastern British Columbia: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 27, p. 360-394.
16. Betts, P.G., Lister, G.S., and O'Dea, M.G., 1998, Asymmetric extension of the Middle Proterozoic lithosphere, Mount Isa terrane, Queensland, Australia: Tectonophysics, v. 296, p. 293-316, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00144-9.
17. Beutner, E.C., 1977, Causes and consequences of curvature in the Sevier orogenic belt, Utah to Montana, 29th Annual Field conference-1977: Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, p. 353-365.
18. Beutner, E.C., and Scholten, R., 1967, Probable Cambrian strata in east-central Idaho and their paleotectonic significance: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 51, p. 2305-2309.
19. Bickford, M.E., Cullers, R.L., Shuster, R.D., Premo, W.R., and Van Schmus, W.R., 1989, U-Pb zircon geochronol ogy of Proterozoic and Cambrian plutons in the Wet Mountains and southern Front Range, Colorado, in Grambling, J.A., and Tewksbury, B.J., eds., Proterozoic Geology of the Southern Rocky Mountains: Geological Society of America Special Paper 235, p. 49-64.
20. Bogdanova, S.V., Li, Z.X., Moores, E.M., and Pisarevsky, S.A., 2008, Testing the Rodinia hypothesis: Records in its building blocks: Precambrian Research, v. 160, p. 1-4, doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.06.010.
21. Bond, G.C., 1997, New constraints on Rodinia breakup ages from revised tectonic subsidence curves: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, p. 280.
22. Bond, G.C., and Kominz, M.A., 1984, Construction of tectonic subsidence curves for the early Paleozoic miogeocline, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains-Implications for subsidence mechanisms, age of break-up and crustal thinning: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 155-173, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<155:COTSCF>2.0.CO;2.
23. Bond, G.C., Nickeson, P.A., and Kominz, M.A., 1984, Breakup of a supercontinent between 625 Ma and 555 Ma: New evidence and implications for continental histories: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 70, p. 325-345, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90017-7.
24. Bond, J.G., 1978, Geologic Map of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology, 1 map sheet, GM-1, scale 1:500,000.
25. Burtis, E.W., Sears, J.W., and Chamberlain, K.R., 2007, Age and petrology of Neoproterozoic intrusions in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.: Correlation with the Gunbarrel magmatic event, in Link, P.K., and Lewis, R.S., eds., Proterozoic geology of western North America and Siberia, Society for Sedimentary Geology, SEPM Special Publication 86, p. 175-191.
26. Bush, J.W., 1991, Cambrian paleogeographic framework of northeastern Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana, in Cooper, J.D., and Stevens, C.H., eds., Paleo zoic Paleogeography of the Western United States-II: Los Angeles, Caliofrnia, Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 463-473.
27. Cater, F.W., Pinckney, D.M., Hamilton, W.B., Parker, R.L., Weldin, R.D., Close, T.J., and Zilka, N.T., 1973, Mineral Resources of the Idaho Primitive Area and Vicinity, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1304, 431 p.
28. Cawood, P.A., McCausland, P.J.A., and Dunning, G.R., 2001, Opening Iapetus: Constraints from the Laurentian margin in Newfoundland: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 443-453, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0443:OICFTL>2.0.CO;2.
29. CD-ROM (Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountains) Working Group, 2002, Structure and evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Rocky Mountains: Initial results from the CD-ROM experiment: GSA Today, v. 12, no. 3, p. 4-10, doi: 10.1130/1052-5173 (2002)012<0004:SAEOTL>2.0.CO;2.
30. Cecile, M.P., 1982, The Lower Paleozoic Misty Creek Embayment, Selwyn Basin, Yukon and Northwest Territories: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 335, 78 p.
31. Cecile, M.P., and Norford, B.S., 1993, Ordovician and Silurian, in Stott, D.F., and Aitken, J.D., eds., Sedimentary Cover of the North American Craton in Canada, Chapter 4c: Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada 5, p. 125-149.
32. Cecile, M.P., Morrow, D.W., and Williams, G.K., 1997, Early Paleozoic (Cambrian to Early Devonian) tectonic framework, Canadian Cordillera: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 45, p. 54-74.
33. Cecile, M.P., Lane, L.S., Khudoley, A.K., and Kos'ko, M.K., 2001, Lower Paleozoic rocks around today's Arctic Ocean: Two ancestral continents and associated plates; Alaskan rotation unnecessary and unlikely: Polarforschung 69, p. 235-241.
34. Christie-Blick, N., 1997, Neoproterozoic sedimentation and tectonics in west-central Utah, in Link, P.K., and Kowallis, B.J., eds., Brigham Young University Geology Studies: Salt Lake City, Utah, Brigham Young University, v. 42, pt. 1, p. 1-30.
35. Christie-Blick, N., and Levy, M., 1989, Stratigraphic and tectonic framework of Upper Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks in the western United States, in Christie-Blick, N., and Levy, M., eds., Late Proterozoic and Cambrian Tectonics, Sedimentation, and Record of Metazoan Radiation in the Western United States: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 28th International Geological Congress, Field Trip Guidebook T331, p. 7-21.
36. Coats, R.R., and Riva, J., 1983, Overlapping overthrust belts of late Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages, northern Elko County, Nevada, in Miller, D.M., Todd, V.R., and Howard, K.A., eds., Tectonic and Stratigraphic Studies in the Eastern Great Basin: Geological Society of America Memoir 157, p. 305-327.
37. Colpron, M., and Price, R.A., 1995, Tectonic significance of the Kootenay terrane, southeastern Canadian Cor dillera: An alternative model: Geology, v. 23, p. 25-28, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0025:TSOTKT> 2.3.CO;2.
38. Colpron, M., Logan, J.M., and Mortensen, J.K., 2002, U-Pb zircon age constraint for Late Neoproterozoic rifting and initiation of the Lower Paleozoic passive margin of western Laurentia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 39, p. 133-143, doi: 10.1139/e01-069.
39. Cooper, J.D., and Keller, M., 2001, Palaeokarst in the Ordovician of the southern Great Basin, USA: Implications for sea-level history: Sedimentology, v. 48, p. 855-873, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00393.x.
40. Corti, G., Bonini, M., Conticelli, S., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., and Sokoutis, D., 2003, Analogue modelling of continental extension: A review focused on the relations between the patterns of deformation and the presence of magma: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 63, p. 169-247, doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00035-7.
41. Crafford, A.E.J., and Grauch, V.J.S., 2002, Geologic and geophysical evidence for the influence of deep crustal structures on Paleozoic tectonics and the alignment of world-class gold deposits, north-central Nevada, USA: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 21, p. 157-184.
42. Crittenden, M.D., Jr., Schaefer, F.E., Trimble, D.E., and Woodward, L.A., 1971, Nomenclature and correlation of some Upper Precambrian and basal Cambrian sequences in western Utah and southeastern Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 581-602, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[581:NACOSU] 2.0.CO;2.
43. Crittenden, M.D., Jr., Stewart, J.H., and Wallace, C.A., 1972, Regional correlation of Upper Precambrian strata in western North America: 24th International Geological Congress, 1972 Section 1, p. 334-341.
44. Crittenden, M.D., Jr., and Wallace, C.A., 1973, Possible equivalents of the Belt Supergroup in Utah, in Belt Symposium 1973 Volume 1: Moscow, Idaho, Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology, p. 116-138.
45. Crittenden, M.D., Jr., Christie-Blick, N., and Link, P.K., 1983, Evidence for two pulses of glaciation during the Late Proterozoic in northern Utah and southeastern Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, p. 437-450, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94 <437:EFTPOG>2.0.CO;2.
46. Davis, G.A., Monger, J.W.H., and Burchfiel, B.C., 1978, Mesozoic construction of the Cordilleran "collage," central British Columbia to central California, in Howell, D.G., and McDougall, K.A., eds., Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States: Los Angeles, Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 2, p. 1-32.
47. Deiss, C., 1941, Cambrian geography and sedimentation in the central Cordilleran region: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 52, p. 1085-1116.
48. Devlin, W.J., 1989, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Hamill Group in the northern Selkirk Mountains, British Columbia: Evidence for latest Proterozoic-Early Cambrian extensional tectonism: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 26, p. 515-533.
49. Devlin, W.J., and Bond, G.C., 1988, The initiation of the early Paleozoic Cordilleran miogeocline: Evidence from the uppermost Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian Hamill Group of southeastern British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 25, p. 1-19.
50. Devlin, W.J., Brueckner, H.K., and Bond, G.C., 1988, New isotopic data and a preliminary age for volcanics near the base of the Windermere Supergroup, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 25, p. 1906-1911.
51. Dickinson, W.R., 2006, Geotectonic evolution of the Great Basin: Geosphere, v. 2, p. 353-368, doi: 10.1130/GES00054.1.
52. Durk, K.M., Link, P.K., and Fanning, C.M., 2007, Neoprotero zoic 695 Ma felsic orthogneiss, Wildhorse Creek, Pioneer Mountains, south-central Idaho: New tie point in reconstruction of Rodinian rifting: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, no. 6, p. 613.
53. Ebinger, C.J., and Casey, M., 2001, Continental breakup in magmatic provinces: An Ethiopian example: Geology, v. 29, p. 527-530, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0527:CBIMPA>2.0.CO;2.
54. Ehman, K.D., and Clark, T.M., 1985, Geologic Map of the Bull Run Mountains, Elko County Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 86-12, scale 1:24,000.
55. Ehman, K.D., and Clark, T.M., 1990, Upper Proterozoic-middle Cambrian miogeoclinal stratigraphy of the Bull Run Mountains, northern Nevada: Implications for the early evolution of the Cordilleran rifted margin: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 90-5, 35 p.
56. Eisbacher, G.H., 1985, Late Proterozoic rifting, glacial sedimentation and sedimentary cycles in the light of Winder mere deposition, western Canada: Palaeogeog raphy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 51, p. 231-254, doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(85)90087-2.
57. Ekren, E.B., 1988, Stratigraphic and Structural Relations of the Hoodoo Quartzite and Yellowjacket Formation of Middle Proterozoic Age from Hoodoo Creek Eastward to Mount Taylor, Central Idaho, with a Geologic Map of the Region between the Middle Fork of the Salmon River and the Salmon River: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1570, 17 p.
58. Elison, M.W., Speed, R.C., and Kistler, R.W., 1990, Geologic and isotopic constraints on the crustal structure of the northern Great Basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, p. 1077-1092, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<1077:GAICOT>2.3.CO;2.
59. Etheridge, M.A., Symonds, P.A., and Lister, G.S., 1990, Application of the detachment model to reconstruction of conjugate passive margins, in Tankard, A.J., and Balkwill, H.R., eds., Extensional Tectonics and Stratigraphy of the North Atlantic Margins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 46, p. 23-40.
60. Evans, J.G., 1987, Geology of the Stensgar Mountain Quadrangle, Stevens County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 1679, 23 p.
61. Evans, K.V., 1984, Ordovician plutonism in east-central Idaho: Variation on a Canadian theme: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 16, no. 6, p. 504.
62. Evans, K.V., and Clemons, R.E., 1988, Cambrian-Ordovician (500 Ma) alkalic plutonism in southwestern New Mexico: U-Th-Pb isotopic data from the Florida Mountains: American Journal of Science, v. 288, p. 735-755.
63. Evans, K.V., and Green, G.N., 2003, Geologic Map of the Salmon National Forest and Vicinity, East-Central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-2765, scale 1:100,000.
64. Evans, K.V., and Zartman, R.E., 1988, Early Paleozoic alkalic plutonism in east-central Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1981-1987, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1981:EPAPIE>2.3.CO;2.
65. Fanning, C.M., and Link, P.K., 2004, U-Pb SHRIMP ages of Neoproterozoic (Sturtian) glaciogenic Pocatello Formation, southeastern Idaho: Geology, v. 32, p. 881-884, doi: 10.1130/G20609.1.
66. Fanning, C.M., and Link, P.K., 2008, Age constraints for the Sturtian glaciations: Data from the Adelaide geosynclines, South Australia and Pocatello Formation, Idaho, USA: Geological Society of Australia, Selwyn Symposium 2008, Abstracts, no. 91, p. 57-62.
67. Fedo, C.M., and Cooper, J.D., 2001, Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of Neoproterozoic and Cambrian units across a craton-margin hinge zone, southeastern California, and implications for the early evolution of the Cordilleran margin: Sedimentary Geology, v. 141-142, p. 501-522, doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00088-4.
68. Ferri, F., Rees, C., Nelson, J., and Legun, A., 1999, Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Northern Ketchika Trough between Gataga River and the 60th Parallel: British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, Bulletin 107, 122 p.
69. Gabrielse, H., 1972, Younger Precambrian of the Canadian Cordillera: American Journal of Science, v. 272, p. 521-536.
70. Gabrielse, H., and Yorath, C.J., eds., 1991, Geology of the Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Boulder, Colorado Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. G-2, 844 p.
71. Geslin, J.K., Link, P.K., Riesterer, J.W., Kuntz, M.A., and Fanning, C.M., 2002, Pliocene and Quaternary stratigraphic architecture and drainage systems of the Big Lost Trough, northeastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, in Link, P.K., and Mink, L.L., eds., Geology, Hydrology, and Environmental Remediation: Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: Geological Society of America Special Paper 353, p. 11-26.
72. Gillerman, V.S., Fanning, C.M., Link, P.K., Layer, P., and Burmaster, R.F., 2008, Newly discovered intrusives at the Lemhi Pass thorium-REE iron oxide district, Idaho: Cambrian syenite and mystery ultramafics: Signatures of a buried alkaline complex or two systems?: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 40, no. 1, p. 51.
73. Goodfellow, W.D., Cecile, M.P., and Leybourne, M.I., 1995, Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting of Lower Paleozoic alkalic and potassic volcanic rocks, northern Canadian Cordilleran miogeocline: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 1236-1254.
74. Grauch, V.J.S., Rodriguez, B.D., and Wooden, J.L., 2003, Geophysical and isotopic constraints on crustal structure related to mineral trends in north-central Nevada and implications for tectonic history: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 98, p. 269-286.
75. Hamilton, M.M., Derkey, R.E., and McCollum, L.B., 2003, Early Middle Cambrian (Glossopleura biozone) trilobites in a steptoe surrounded by Columbia River Basalt near Spokane, Washington: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 159.
76. Hansen, V.L., Goodge, J.W., Keep, M., and Oliver, D.H., 1993, Asymmetric rift interpretation of the western North American margin: Geology, v. 21, p. 1067-1070, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<1067:ARIOTW> 2.3.CO;2.
77. Hanson, R.E., and Al-Shaieb, Z., 1980, Voluminous subalkaline silicic magmas related to intracontinental rifting in the southern Oklahoma aulacogen: Geology, v. 8, p. 180-184, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8 <180:VSSMRT>2.0.CO;2.
78. Harlan, S.S., Heaman, L.M., LeCheminant, A.N., and Premo, W.R., 2003, Gunbarrel mafic magmatic event: A key 780 Ma time marker for Rodinia plate reconstructions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 31, p. 1053-1056.
79. Harper, G.D., and Link, P.K., 1986, Geochemistry of Upper Proterozoic rift-related volcanics, northern Utah and southeastern Idaho: Geology, v. 14, p. 864-867, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<864:GOUPRV> 2.0.CO;2.
80. Harrison, J.E., 1972, Precambrian Belt Basin of northwestern United States: Its geometry, sedimentation, and copper occurrences: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 1215-1240, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1215:PBBONU]2.0.CO;2.
81. Hayward, N.J., and Ebinger, C.J., 1996, Variations in the along-axis segmentation of the Afar Rift system: Tectonics, v. 15, p. 244-257, doi: 10.1029/95TC02292.
82. Heaman, L.M., LeCheminant, A.N., and Rainbird, R.H., 1992, Nature and timing of Franklin igneous events, Canada: Implications for a Late Proterozoic mantle plume and the break-up of Laurentia: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 109, p. 117-131, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90078-A.
83. Hein, F.J., and McMechan, M.E., 1994, Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian strata of the western Canada sedimentary basin, in Mossop, G.D., and Shetsen, I., eds., Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: Calgary, Alberta, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Research Council, p. 47-57.
84. Hintze, L.F., 1988, Geologic History of Utah: Brigham Young University Geologic Studies, Special Publication 7, 202 p.
85. Hobbs, S.W., and Hays, W.H., 1990, Ordovician and Older Rocks of the Bayhorse Area, Custer County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1891, 40 p.
86. Hobbs, S.W., Hays, W.H., and Ross, R.J., Jr., 1968, The Kinnikinic Quartzite of Central Idaho-Redefinition and Subdivision: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1254-J, 22 p.
87. Hobbs, S.W., Hays, W.H., and McIntyre, D.H., 1991, Geologic Map of the Bayhorse Area, Central Custer County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1882, scale 1:62,500.
88. Hoffman, P., Dewey, J.F., and Burke, K., 1974, Aulacogens and their genetic relationship to geosynclines with a Proterozoic example from the Great Slave Lake, Canada, in Dott, R.H., and Shaver, R.H., eds., Modern and Ancient Geosynclinal Sedimentation: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 19, p. 38-55.
89. Hurst, J.M., Sheehan, P.M., and Pandolfi, J.M., 1985, Silurian carbonate shelf and slope evolution in Nevada: A history of faulting, drowning, and progradation: Geology, v. 13, p. 185-188, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1985)13<185:SCSASE>2.0.CO;2.
90. Jacob, T., 1990, Late Proterozoic(?) tuff near Challis, Idaho, in Moye, F.J., eds., Geology and Ore Deposits of the Trans-Challis Fault System/Great Falls Tectonic Zone: Guidebook of the Fifteenth Annual Tobacco Root Geological Society Field Conference, Northwest Geology, v. 19, p. 97-106.
91. James, W.C., and Oaks, R.Q., Jr., 1977, Petrology of the Kinnikinic Quartzite (Middle Ordovician), eastcentral Idaho: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 47, p. 1491-1511.
92. Jefferson, C.W., and Parrish, R.R., 1989, Late Proterozoic stratigraphy, U-Pb zircon ages, and rift tectonics, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 26, p. 1784-1801.
93. Jefferson, C.W., and Ruelle, J.C.L., 1986, The late Proterozoic Redstone Copper Belt, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, in Morin, J.A., ed., Mineral deposits of the Northern Cordillera, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Special Volume 37, p. 154-168.
94. Karlstrom, K.E., Bowring, S.A., Dehler, C.M., Knoll, A.H., Porter, S.M., Des Marais, D.J., Weil, A.B., Sharp, Z.D., Geissman, J.W., Elrick, M.B., Timmons, J.M., Crossey, L.J., and Davidek, K.L., 2000, Chuar Group of the Grand Canyon: Record of breakup of Rodinia, associated change in the global carbon cycle, and ecosystem expansion by 740 Ma: Geology, v. 28, p. 619-622, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<619:CGOTGC> 2.0.CO;2.
95. 187Os dating of a Neoproterozoic, post-glacial black shale in western Canada: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 222, p. 729-740, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.004.
96. Khalil, S.M., and McClay, K.R., 2001, Tectonic evolution of the NW Red Sea-Gulf of Suez rift system, in Wilson, R.C.L., Whitmarsh, R.B., Taylor, W., and Froitzheim, N., eds., Non-Volcanic Rifting of Continental Margins: A Comparison of Evidence from Land and Sea: Geological Society of London Special Publication 187, p. 453-473.
97. Klein, T.L., and Sims, P.K., 2007, Control of epigenetic metal deposits by Paleoproterozoic basement architecture, in Lund, K., ed., Earth Science Studies in Support of Public Policy Development and Land Stewardship-Headwaters Province, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1305, p. 17-25.
98. Knoll, A.H., Walter, M.R., Narbonne, G.M., and ChristieBlick, N., 2004, A new period for the Geologic Time Scale: Science, v. 305, p. 621-622, doi: 10.1126/science.1098803.
99. Kubli, T.E., and Simony, P.S., 1992, The Dogtooth High, northern Purcell Mountains, British Columbia: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 40, p. 36-51.
100. Larson, E.E., Patterson, P.E., Curtis, G., Drake, R., and Mutschler, F.E., 1985, Petrologic, paleomagnetic, and structural evidence of a Paleozoic rift system in Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 1364-1372, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1364:PPASEO>2.0.CO;2.
101. Larson, K.P., and Price, R.A., 2006, The southern termination of the Western Main Ranges of the Canadian Rockies near Fort Steele, British Columbia: Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic implications: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 54, p. 37-61, doi: 10.2113/54.1.37.
102. LeCheminant, A.N., and Heaman, L.M., 1994, 779 Ma Mafic Magmatism in the Northwestern Canadian Shield and Northern Cordillera: A New Regional Time-Marker: Eighth International Conference on Geochronology, Berkeley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1107, 187 p.
103. Leonard, B.F., 1963, Syenite complex older than the Idaho batholith, Big Creek quadrangle, central Idaho, in Short Papers in Geology, Hydrology, and Topography: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-E, p. E93-E97.
104. Leonard, B.F., and Stern, T.W., 1966, Evidence of Precambrian deformation and intrusion preserved within the Idaho batholith: Geological Society of America Special Paper 87, Abstracts for 1965, p. 293-294.
105. Levy, M., and Christie-Blick, N., 1989, Pre-Mesozoic palinspastic reconstruction of the eastern Great Basin (western United States): Science, v. 245, p. 1454-1462, doi: 10.1126/science.245.4925.1454.
106. Levy, M., and Christie-Blick, N., 1991, Tectonic subsidence of the early Paleozoic passive continental margin of eastern California and southern Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 1590-1606, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1590:TSOTEP> 2.3.CO;2.
107. Lickorish, W.H., and Simony, P.S., 1995, Evidence for late rifting of the Cordilleran margin outlined by stratigraphic division of the Lower Cambrian Gog Group, Rocky Mountain Main Ranges, British Columbia and Alberta: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 860-874.
108. Lindsey, K.A., Gaylord, D.R., and Groffman, L.R., 1990, Geology of the Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Three Sisters Formation, Gypsy Quartzite, and Addy Quartzite, Stevens and Pend Oreille ~unties, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Report of Investigations 30, 37 p.
109. Link, P.K., Christie-Blick, N., Devlin, W.J., Elston, D.P., Horodyski, R.J., Levy, M., Miller, J.M.G., Pearson, R.C., Prave, A., Stewart, J.H., Winston, D., Wright, L.A., and Wrucke, C.T., 1993, Middle and Late Protero zoic stratifi ed rocks of the western U.S. Cor dillera, Colorado Plateau, and Basin and Range Province, in Reed, J.C., Jr., et al., eds., Precambrian: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. C-2, p. 463-595.
110. Lis, M.G., and Price, R.A., 1976, Large-scale block faulting during deposition of the Windermere Supergroup (Hadrynian) in southeastern British Columbia: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 76-1A, p. 135-136.
111. Lister, G.S., Etheridge, M.A., and Symonds, P.A., 1986, Detachment faulting and the evolution of passive continental margins: Geology, v. 14, p. 246-250, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<246:DFATEO>2.0.CO;2.
112. Lister, G.S., Etheridge, M.A., and Symonds, P.A., 1991, Detachment models for the formation of passive continental margins: Tectonics, v. 10, p. 1038-1064, doi: 10.1029/90TC01007.
113. Little, T.A., 1987, Stratigraphy and structure of metamorphosed Upper Paleozoic rocks near Mountain City, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 98, p. 1-17, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1987)98 <1:SASOMU>2.0.CO;2.
114. Lucchitta, B.K., 1966, Structure of the Hawley Creek Area, Idaho-Montana: University Park, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University, 204 p.
115. Lund, K., 2004, Geology of the Payette National Forest, Valley, Idaho, Washington, and Adams Counties, West-Central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1666, 89 p.
116. Lund, K., 2008, Geometry of the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic rift margin of western Laurentia: Implications for mineral deposit settings: Geosphere, v. 4, p. 429-444, doi: 10.1130/GES00121.1.
117. Lund, K., and Tysdal, R.G., 2007, Stratigraphic and structural setting of the Blackbird gold-bearing, cobaltcopper deposits, east-central Idaho, in Link, P.K., and Lewis, R.S., eds., Proterozoic Geology of Western North America and Siberia, Belt Symposium IV: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 86, p. 129-147.
118. Lund, K., Alminas, H.V., Kleinkopf, M.D., Ehmann, W.J., and Bliss, J.D., 1990, Preliminary Mineral Resource Assessment of the Elk City 1° × 2° Quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: Compilation of Geologic, Geochemical, Geophysical, and Mineral Deposits Information: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-0016, 118 p.
119. Lund, K., Aleinikoff, J.N., Evans, K.V., and Fanning, C.M., 2003a, SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho: Implications for regional synchroneity of Sturtian glaciation and associated rifting: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, p. 349-372, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0349:SUPGON>2.0.CO;2.
120. Lund, K., Evans, K.V., Doughty, P.T., Chamberlain, K.R., Link, P.K., and Winston, D., 2003b, Geology of the Brushy Gulch fault and its hangingwall and footwall rocks, eastern Idaho: Northeastern Geology, v. 32, p. 74-85.
121. Lund, K., Aleinikoff, J.N., Yacob, E.Y., Unruh, D.M., and Fanning, C.M., 2008, Coolwater culmination: Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb and isotopic evidence for continental delamination in the Syringa Embayment, Salmon River suture, Idaho: Tectonics, v. 27, TC2009, doi: 10.1029/2006TC002071.
122. Marshak, S., 2004, Salients, recesses, arcs, oroclines, and syntaxes-A review of ideas concerning the formation of map-view curves in fold-thrust belts, in McClay, K.R., ed., Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems: American Association of Petroleum Geologists 82, p. 131-156.
123. McCafferty, A.E., Kucks, R.P., Hill, P.L., and Racey, S.D., 1999, Aeromagnetic Map for the State of Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-371, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0371 (accessed 14 July 2009).
124. McCandless, D.O., 1982, A Reevaluation of Cambrian through Middle Ordovician Stratigraphy of the Southern Lemhi Range [Master's thesis]: University Park, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University, 157 p.
125. McDonough, M.R., and Parrish, R.R., 1991, Proterozoic gneisses of the Malton Complex, near Valemount, British Columbia: U-Pb ages and Nd isotopic signatures: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, p. 1202-1216.
126. McLemore, V.T., McMillan, N.J., Heizler, M., and McKee, C., 1999, Cambrian alkaline rocks at Lobo Hill, Torrance County, New Mexico: More evidence for a Cambrian-Ordovician aulogogen [sic], in Pazzaglia, F.J., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Albuquerque Geology: Socorro, New Mexico Geological Society, 50th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 247-253.
127. McMillan, N.J., McLemore, V.T., and Erwin, S.D., 2000, Cambrian tectonics of New Mexico and Colorado, in Lawton, T.F., McMillan, N.J., and McLemore, V.T., eds., Southwest Passage-A Trip Through the Phanerozoic: Socorro, New Mexico Geological Society, 51st Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 37-39.
128. Meert, J.G., and Powell, C.M., 2001, Assembly and breakup of Rodinia: Introduction to the special volume: Precambrian Research, v. 110, p. 1-8, doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00177-2.
129. Meert, J.G., and Torsvik, T.H., 2003, The making and unmaking of a supercontinent: Rodinia revisited: Tectonophysics, v. 375, p. 261-288, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00342-1.
130. Miller, D.M., Repetski, J.E., and Harris, A.G., 1991, Easttrending Paleozoic continental margin near Wendover, Utah, in Cooper, J.D., and Stevens, C.H., eds., Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States-II: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 439-461.
131. Miller, F.K., 1994, The Windermere Group and Late Protero zoic Tectonics in Northeastern Washington and Northern Idaho: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Bulletin 80, p. 1-19.
132. Miller, F.K., and Whipple, J.W., 1989, The Deer Trail Group-Is it part of the Belt Supergroup, in Joseph, N.L., ed., Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Information Circular 86, p. 1-21.
133. Miller, F.K., McKee, E.H., and Yates, R.G., 1973, Age and correlation of the Windermere Group in northeastern Washington: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 3723-3730, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1973) 84<3723:AACOTW>2.0.CO;2.
134. Mohriak, W.U., and Rosendahl, B.R., 2003, Transform zones in the South Atlantic rifted continental margins, in Storti, F., Holdsworth, R.E., and Salvini, F., eds., Intraplate Strike-Slip Deformation Belts: Geological Society of London Special Publication 210, p. 211-228.
135. Myers, J.D., Gilbert, M.C., and Loiselle, M.C., 1981, Geochemistry of the Cambrian Wichita Granite Group and revisions of its lithostratigraphy: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 41, p. 172-195.
136. Nelson, J.L., Colpron, M., Piercey, S.J., Dusel-Bacon, C., Murphy, D.C., and Roots, C.F., 2006, Paleozoic tectonic and metallogenetic evolution of pericratonic terranes in Yukon, northern British Columbia, and eastern Alaska, in Colpron, M., and Nelson, J.L., eds., Paleozoic Evolution and Metallogeny of Pericratonic Terranes at the Ancient Pacific Margin of North America, Canadian and Alaskan Cordillera: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 45, p. 323-360.
137. Norford, B.S., and Cecile, M.P., 1994a, Cambrian and Ordovician Volcanic Rocks in the McKay Group and Beaverfoot Formation, Western Ranges of the Rocky Mountains, Southeastern British Columbia: Geological Survey of Canada Current Research 1994-B 83, 90 p.
138. Norford, B.S., and Cecile, M.P., 1994b, Ordovician emplacement of the Mount Dingley diatreme, Western Ranges of the Rocky Mountains, southeastern British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 31, p. 1491-1500.
139. Norris, D.K., and Price, R.A., 1966, Middle Cambrian lithostratigraphy of southeastern Canadian Cordillera: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 14, p. 385-404.
140. Okulitch, A.V., 1985, Paleozoic plutonism in southeastern British Columbia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 22, p. 1409-1424, doi: 10.1139/e85-148.
141. Oldow, J.S., 1984, Spatial variability in the structure of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, western Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 174-185, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<174:SVITSO>2.0.CO;2.
142. Oliver, D.H., and Blackwell, D.D., 2002, Neoproterozoic(?) diamictites in central Idaho: Evidence of felsic volcanism from embayed quartz grains: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 89-90.
143. O'Neill, J.M., and Lopez, D.A., 1985, Character and regional significance of the Great Falls tectonic zone, east-central Idaho and west-central Montana: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, p. 437-447.
144. Parrish, R.R., and Scammell, R.J., 1988, The age of the Mount Copeland syenite, in Gneiss and its Metamorphic Zircons, Monashee Complex, Southeastern British Columbia: Radiogenic Age and Isotopic Studies Report 2: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 1988-2, p. 21-28.
145. Peale, R.N., 1982, Geology of the Area Southeast of Yellow jacket, Lemhi County, Idaho [Master's thesis]: Moscow, Idaho, University of Idaho, 129 p.
146. Pigage, L.C., and Mortensen, J.K., 2004, Superimposed Neoproterozoic and early Tertiary alkaline magmatism in the La Biche River area, southeast Yukon Territory: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 52, p. 325-342, doi: 10.2113/52.4.325.
147. Plumb, K.A., 1991, New Precambrian Time Scale: Episodes, v. 14, p. 139-140.
148. Poole, F.G., Sandberg, C.A., and Boucot, A.J., 1977, Silurian and Devonian paleogeography of the western United States, in Stewart, J.H., Stevens, C.H., and Fritsche, A.E., eds., Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States: Los Angeles, California, Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium I: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 39-65.
149. Poole, F.G., Stewart, J.H., Palmer, A.R., Sandberg, C.A., Madrid, R.J., Ross, R.J., Jr., Hintze, L.F., Miller, M.M., and Wrucke, C.T., 1992, Latest Precambrian to latest Devonian time: Development of a continental margin, in Burchfiel, B.C., Lipman, P.W., and Zoback, M.L., eds., The Cordilleran Orogen: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. G-3, p. 9-56.
150. Poole, F.G., Perry, W.J., Jr., Madrid, R.J., and AmayaMartinez, R., 2005, Tectonic synthesis of the OuachitaMarathon-Sonora orogenic margin of southern Laurentia: Stratigraphic and structural implications for timing of deformational events and plate-tectonic model, in Anderson, T.H., Nourse, J.A., McKee, J.W., and Steiner, M.B., eds., The Mojave-Sonora Megashear Hypothesis: Development, Assessment, and Alternatives: Geological Society of America Special Paper 393, p. 543-596.
151. 13C excursions, two rifts: The Neo proterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, California: Geology, v. 27, p. 339-342, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0339:TDTCCT>2.3.CO;2.
152. Price, R.A., and Sears, J.W., 2000, A preliminary palinspastic map of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Purcell Supergroup, Canada and USA: Implications for the tectonic setting and structural evolution of the Purcell anticlinorium and the Sullivan deposit, in Lydon, J.W., Höy, T., Slack, J.F., and Knapp, M.E., eds., The Geological Environment of the Sullivan Deposit, British Columbia: Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication 1, p. 61-81.
153. Pyle, L.J., and Barnes, C.R., 2003, Lower Paleozoic stratigraphic and biostratigraphic correlations in the Canadian Cordillera: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Laurentian margin: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 40, p. 1739-1753, doi: 10.1139/e03-049.
154. Rainbird, R.H., Jefferson, C.W., and Young, G.M., 1996, The early Neoproterozoic sedimentary succession B of northwestern Laurentia: Correlations and paleo geographic significance: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, p. 454-470, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1996)108<0454:TENSSB>2.3.CO;2.
155. Rankin, D.W., 1976, Appalachian salients and recesses: Late Precambrian break-up and the opening of the Iapetus Ocean: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 81, p. 5605-5619, doi: 10.1029/JB081i032p05605.
156. Reesor, J.E., 1973, Geology of the Lardeau Map Area, East Half, British Columbia: Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 369, 129 p.
157. Root, K.G., 2001, Devonian Antler fold and thrust belt and foreland basin development in the southern Canadian Cordillera: Implications for the western Canada sedimentary basin: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 49, p. 7-36, doi: 10.2113/49.1.7.
158. Roots, C.F., and Parrish, R.R., 1988, Age of the Mount Harper volcanic complex, southern Ogilvie Mountains, Yukon: Radiogenic Age and Isotopic Studies Report 2: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 1988-2, p. 29-35.
159. Rosenbaum, G., Weinberg, R.F., and Regenauer-Lieb, K., 2008, The geodynamics of lithospheric extension: Tectonophysics, v. 458, p. 1-8, doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.016.
160. Ross, C.P., 1934, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Casto Quadrangle, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 854, 135 p.
161. Ross, G.M., 1991, Tectonic setting of the Windermere Super group revisited: Geology, v. 19, p. 1125-1128, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<1125:TSOTWS> 2.3.CO;2.
162. Ross, G.M., McMechan, M.E., and Hein, F.J., 1989, Proterozoic history: The birth of the miogeocline, in Ricketts, B.D., ed., Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: A Case History: Calgary, Alberta, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 79-104.
163. Ross, G.M., Parrish, R.R., Villeneuve, M.E., and Bowring, S.A., 1991, Geophysics and geochronology of the crystalline basement of the Alberta Basin, western Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, p. 512-522.
164. Ross, G.M., Bloch, J.D., and Krouse, H.R., 1995, Neoproterozoic strata of the southern Canadian Cordillera and the isotopic evolution of seawater sulfate: Precambrian Research, v. 73, p. 71-99, doi: 10.1016/0301-9268(94)00072-Y.
165. Ross, G.M., Villeneuve, M.E., and Teriault, R.J., 2001, Isotopic provenance of the lower Muskwa assemblage (Mesoproterozoic, Rocky Mountains, British Columbia): New clues to correlation and source areas: Precambrian Research, v. 111, p. 57-77, doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00156-5.
166. Ross, R.J., Jr., 1964, Relations of Middle Ordovician time and rock units in Basin Ranges, western United States: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geol ogists, v. 48, p. 1528-1554.
167. Ruppel, C., 1995, Extensional processes in continental lithosphere: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, p. 24,187-24,215.
168. Ruppel, E.T., 1968, Geologic Map of the Leadore Quadrangle, Lemhi County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-733, scale 1:62,500.
169. Ruppel, E.T., 1975, Precambrian Y Sedimentary Rocks in East-Central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 889-A, 23 p.
170. Ruppel, E.T., 1986, The Lemhi Arch: A Late Proterozoic and early Paleozoic landmass in central Idaho, in Peterson, J.A., eds., Paleotectonics and Sedimentation in the Rocky Mountain region, United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 41, p. 119-130.
171. Ruppel, E.T., Ross, R.J., and Schleicher, D., 1975, Precambrian Z and Lower Ordovician rocks in east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 889-B, p. 25-34.
172. Saleeby, J.B., Speed, R.C., and Blake, M.C., 1994, Tectonic evolution of the central U.S. Cordillera: A synthesis of the C1 and C2 continent-ocean transects, in Speed, R.C., ed., Phanerozoic Evolution of North American Continent-Ocean Transitions: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Decade of North American Geology Continent-Ocean Transect Volume, p. 315-356.
173. Scholten, R., 1957, Paleozoic evolution of the geosynclinal margin north of the Snake River Plain, Idaho-Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, p. 151-170, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[151:PEOTGM] 2.0.CO;2.
174. Scholten, R., and Ramspott, L.D., 1968, Tectonic Mechanisms Indicated by Structural Framework of Central Beaverhead Range, Idaho-Montana: Geological Society of America Special Paper 104, 71 p.
175. Sears, J.W., 1988, Two major thrust slabs in the west-central Montana Cordillera, in Schmidt, C., and Perry, W.J., Jr., eds., Interactions of the Rocky Mountain Foreland and the Cordilleran Thrust Belt: Geological Society of America Memoir 171, p. 165-170.
176. Sears, J.W., 1990, Geologic structure of the Grand Canyon Supergroup, in Beus, S.S., and Morales, M., eds., Grand Canyon geology: Oxford, Oxford University Press and Flagstaff, Museum of Northern Arizona Press, p. 71-82.
177. Sears, J.W., 2001, Icosahedral fracture tessellation of early Mesoproterozoic Laurentia: Geology, v. 29, p. 327-330, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0327:IFTOEM> 2.0.CO;2.
178. Sears, J.W., and Price, R.A., 2003, Tightening the Siberian connection to western Laurentia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, p. 943-953, doi: 10.1130/B25229.1.
179. Sevigny, J.H., 1988, Geochemistry of Late Proterozoic amphibolites and ultramafic rocks, southeastern Canadian Cordillera: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 25, p. 1323-1337.
180. Shellnutt, J.G., Dostal, J., and Keppie, J.D., 2004, Petrogenesis of the 723 Ma coronation sills, Amundsen Basin, Arctic Canada: Implications for the break-up of Rodinia: Precambrian Research, v. 129, p. 309-324, doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2003.10.006.
181. Sims, P.K., Lund, K., and Anderson, E., 2005, Precambrian Crystalline Basement Map of Idaho-An Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Anomalies: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2884, scale 1:1,000,000.
182. Skipp, B., 1984, Geologic Map and Cross Sections of the Italian Peak and Italian Peak Middle Roadless Areas, Beaverhead County, Montana, and Clark and LemhiCounties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1601-B, scale 1:62,500.
183. Sloss, L.L., 1950, Paleozoic sedimentation in Montana area: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geol ogists, v. 34, p. 423-451.
184. Sloss, L.L., 1954, Lemhi Arch, a mid-Paleozoic positive element in south-central Idaho: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 65, p. 365-368, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[365:LAAMPE]2.0.CO;2.
185. Speed, R.C., 1978, Paleogeographic and plate tectonic evolution of the early Mesozoic marine province of the western Great Basin, in Howell, D.E., and McDougall, K.A., eds., Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States: Los Angeles, California, Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologist and Mineralogists, Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 2, p. 253-270.
186. Speed, R.C., 1982, Evolution of the sialic margin in the central western United States, in Watkins, J.S., and Drake, C.L., eds., Studies in continental margin geology: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 34, p. 457-468.
187. Speed, R.C., 1994, North American continent-ocean transitions over Phanerozoic time, in Speed, R.C., ed., Phanerozoic Evolution of North American ContinentOcean Transitions: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Decade of North American Geology Continent-Ocean Transect Volume, p. 1-86.
188. Stevens, C.H., 1981, Evaluation of the Wells fault, northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah: Geology, v. 9, p. 534-537, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9 <534:EOTWFN>2.0.CO;2.
189. Stevens, C.H., coordinator, 1991, Summary of Paleozoic paleogeography of western United States, in Cooper, J.D., and Stevens, C.H., eds., Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States-II: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 1-11.
190. Stevens, C.H., Stone, P., and Kistler, R.W., 1992, A speculative reconstruction of the middle Paleozoic continental margin of southwestern North America: Tectonics, v. 11, p. 405-419, doi: 10.1029/91TC02884.
191. Stewart, J.H., 1972, Initial deposits in the Cor di lleran geosyncline-Evidence of a Late Precambrian (<850 m.y.) continental separation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 1345-1360, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1345:IDITCG]2.0.CO;2.
192. Stewart, J.H., 1980, Geology of Nevada-A Discussion to Accompany the Geologic Map of Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 4, 136 p.
193. Stewart, J.H., 1985, East-trending dextral faults in the western Great Basin: An explanation for anomalous trends of pre-Cenozoic strata and Cenozoic faults: Tectonics, v. 4, p. 547-564, doi: 10.1029/TC004i006p00547.
194. Stewart, J.H., 1988a, Latest Proterozoic and Paleozoic southern margin of North America and the accretion of Mexico: Geology, v. 16, p. 186-189, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0186:LPAPSM>2.3.CO;2.
195. Stewart, J.H., 1988b, Tectonics of the Walker Lane belt, western Great Basin: Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation in a zone of shear, in Ernst, W.G., ed., Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of the Western United States, Rubey Volume VII: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, p. 683-713.
196. Stewart, J.H., 1991, Latest Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks of the western United States-An overview, in Cooper, J.D., and Stevens, C.H., eds., Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States-II: Los Angeles, Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, v. 1, p. 13-38.
197. Stewart, J.H., 2005, Evidence for Mojave-Sonora megashear-Systematic left-lateral offset of Neo protero zoic to Lower Jurassic strata and facies, western United States and northwestern Mexico, in Anderson, T.H., Nourse, J.A., McKee, J.W., and Steiner, M.B., eds., The Mojave-Sonora Megashear Hypothesis: Development, Assessment, and Alternatives: Geological Society of America Special Paper 393, p. 209-232.
198. Stewart, J.H., and Poole, F.G., 1974, Lower Paleozoic and uppermost Precambrian Cordilleran miogeocline, Great Basin, western United States, in Dickinson, W.R., ed., Tectonics and Sedimentation: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 22, p. 28-57.
199. Stewart, J.H., and Suczek, C.A., 1977, Cambrian and latest Precambrian paleogeography and tectonics in the western United States, in Stewart, J.H., Stevens, C.H., and Fritsche, A.E., eds., Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States: Los Angeles, Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 1-18.
200. Storti, F., Holdsworth, R.E., and Salvini, F., 2003, Intraplate strike-slip deformation belts, in Storti, F., Holdsworth, R.E., and Salvini, F., eds., Intraplate Strike-Slip Deformation Belts: Geological Society of London Special Publication 210, p. 1-14.
201. Suneson, N.H., and Lucchitta, I., 1983, Origin of bimodal volcanism, southern Basin and Range province, westcentral Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, p. 1005-1019, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1983)94<1005:OOBVSB>2.0.CO;2.
202. Sykes, L.R., 1980, Earthquakes and other processes within lithospheric plates and the reactivation of pre-existing zones of weakness, in Strangway, D.W., eds., The Continental Crust and its Mineral Deposits: Geological Asso ciation of Canada Special Paper 20, p. 215-236.
203. Thomas, W.A., 1977, Evolution of Appalachian-Ouachita salients and recesses from reentrants and promontories in the continental margin: American Journal of Science, v. 277, p. 1233-1278.
204. Thomas, W.A., 1993, Low-angle detachment geometry of the late Precambrian-Cambrian Appalachian-Ouachita rifted margin of southeastern North America: Geology, v. 21, p. 921-924, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1993) 021<0921:LADGOT>2.3.CO;2.
205. Thomas, W.A., 2006, Tectonic inheritance at a continental margin: GSA Today, v. 16, no. 2, p. 4-11, doi: 10.1130/1052-5173(2006)016[4:TIAACM]2.0.CO;2.
206. Thompson, B., Mercier, E., and Roots, C., 1987, Extension and its influence on Canadian Cordilleran passivemargin evolution, in Coward, M.P., Dewey, J.F., and Hancock, P.L., eds., Continental Extensional Tectonics: Geological Society of London Special Publication 28, p. 409-417.
207. Thorman, C.H., 1970, Metamorphosed and nonmetamorphosed Paleozoic rocks in the Wood Hills and Pequop Mountains, northeast Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 2417-2448, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2417:MANPRI] 2.0.CO;2.
208. Timmons, J.M., Karlstrom, K.E., Dehler, C.M., Geissman, J.W., and Heizler, M.T., 2001, Proterozoic multistage (ca. 1.1 and 0.8 Ga) extension recorded in the Grand Canyon Supergroup and establishment of northwestand north-trending grains in the southwestern United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 163-180, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0163:PMCAGE>2.0.CO;2.
209. Tollo, R.P., Aleinikoff, J.N., Bartholomew, M.J., and Rankin, D.W., 2004, Neoproterozoic A-type granitoids of the central and southern Appalachians: Intraplate magmatism associated with episodic rifting of the Rodinian supercontinent: Precambrian Research, v. 128, p. 3-38, doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2003.08.007.
210. Tosdal, R.M., Wooden, J.L., and Kistler, R.W., 2000, Inheritance of Nevadan mineral belts from Neoproterozoic continental breakup, in Cluer, J.K., Price, J.G., Struhsacker, E.M., Hardyman, R.F., and Morris, C.L., eds., Geology and Ore Deposits 2000: The Great Basin and Beyond: Geological Society of Nevada Symposium Proceedings, 15-18 May 2000: Reno, Nevada, Geological Society of Nevada, p. 451-466.
211. Turner, R.J.W., and Otto, B.R., 1988, Stratigraphy and structure of the Milligen Formation, Sun Valley area, Idaho, in Link, P.K., and Hackett, W.R., eds., Guidebook to the Geology of Central and Southern Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Bulletin 27, p. 153-167.
212. Turner, R.J.W., and Otto, B.R., 1995, Structural and stratigraphic setting of the Triumph stratiform zinc-lead-silver deposit, Devonian Milligen Formation, central Idaho, in Worl, R.G., Link, P.K., Winkler, G.R., and Johnson, K.M., eds., Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° × 2° quadrangle, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2064, p. E1-E27.
213. Turner, R.J.W., Madrid, R.J., and Miller, E.L., 1989, Roberts Mountains allochthon: Stratigraphic comparison with Lower Paleozoic outer continental margin strata of the northern Canadian Cordillera: Geology, v. 17, p. 341-344, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0341:RMASCW> 2.3.CO;2.
214. Tysdal, R.G., 2000, Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Middle Proterozoic Rocks in Northern Part of Lemhi Range, Lemhi County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1600, 40 p.
215. Tysdal, R.G., 2002, Structural Geology of Western Part of Lemhi Range, East-Central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1659, 33 p.
216. Tysdal, R.G., Evans, K.V., and Lund, K., 2000, Geology of the Blackbird Mountain Quadrangle, Lemhi County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map I-2728, scale 1:24,000.
217. Vauchez, A., and Tommasi, A., 2003, Wrench faults down to the asthenosphere: Geological and geophysical evidence and thermo-mechanical effects, in Storti, F., Holdsworth, R.E., and Salvini, F., eds., Intraplate Strike-Slip Deformation Belts: Geological Society of London Special Publication 210, p. 15-34.
218. Vaughan, A.P.M., and Scarrow, J.H., 2003, K-rich mantle metasomatism control of localization and initiation of lithospheric strike-slip faulting: Terra Nova, v. 15, p. 163-169, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00485.x.
219. Warren, M.J., 1997, Crustal Extension and Subsequent Crustal Thickening along the Cordilleran Rifted Margin of Ancestral North America, Western Purcell Mountains, Southeastern British Columbia: Kingston, Ontario, Queen's University, 361 p.
220. Wernicke, B., 1985, Uniform-sense normal simple shear of the continental lithosphere: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 22, p. 108-125.
221. Wetterauer, R.H., 1977, The Mina Deflection; A New Interpretation Based on the History of the Lower Jurassic Dunlap Formation, Western Nevada: Evanston, Illinois, Northwestern University, 185 p.
222. Wheeler, J.O., 1966, Eastern tectonic belt of western Cordillera in British Columbia: Tectonic history and mineral deposits of the western Cordillera: Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Special Volume 8, p. 27-45.
223. Wright, J.E., and Wooden, J.L., 1991, New Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic data from plutons in the northern Great Basin: Implications for crustal structure and granite petrogenesis in the hinterland of the Sevier thrust belt: Geology, v. 19, p. 457-460, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0457:NSNAPI>2.3.CO;2.
224. Ziegler, P.A., and Cloetingh, S., 2004, Dynamic processes controlling evolution of rifted basins: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 64, p. 1-50, doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00041-2.