메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 589-598

Empirical models for dosage optimization of four β-lactams in critically ill septic patients based on therapeutic drug monitoring of amikacin

Author keywords

lactams; Amikacin; Multivariate analysis; Pharmacokinetics; Sepsis; Therapeutic drug monitoring

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CEFAZOLIN; CEFEPIME; CEFTAZIDIME; MEROPENEM; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; VISNADINE;

EID: 77950867085     PISSN: 00099120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.12.007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 31344461826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis occurrence in acutely ill patients investigators. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study
    • Vincent J.L., Sakr Y., Sprung C.L., et al. Sepsis occurrence in acutely ill patients investigators. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study. Crit Care Med 2006, 34:344-353.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 344-353
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Sakr, Y.2    Sprung, C.L.3
  • 2
    • 4344711662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe sepsis epidemiology: sampling, selection, and society
    • Linde-Zwirble W.T., Angus D.C. Severe sepsis epidemiology: sampling, selection, and society. Crit Care 2004, 8:222-226.
    • (2004) Crit Care , vol.8 , pp. 222-226
    • Linde-Zwirble, W.T.1    Angus, D.C.2
  • 3
    • 0036213966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study
    • Alberti C., Brun-Buisson C., Burchardi H., et al. Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study. Intensive Care Med 2002, 28:108-121.
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 108-121
    • Alberti, C.1    Brun-Buisson, C.2    Burchardi, H.3
  • 4
    • 34247338128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid increase in hospitalization and mortality rates for severe sepsis in the United States: a trend analysis from 1993 to 2003
    • Dombrovskiy V.Y., Martin A.A., Sunderram J., Paz H.L. Rapid increase in hospitalization and mortality rates for severe sepsis in the United States: a trend analysis from 1993 to 2003. Crit Care Med 2007, 35:1244-1250.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 1244-1250
    • Dombrovskiy, V.Y.1    Martin, A.A.2    Sunderram, J.3    Paz, H.L.4
  • 5
    • 0032911760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients
    • Kollef M.H., Sherman G., Ward S., Fraser V.J. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest 1999, 115:462-474.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 462-474
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Sherman, G.2    Ward, S.3    Fraser, V.J.4
  • 6
    • 0141610906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting
    • Ibrahim E.H., Sherman G., Ward S., Fraser V.J., Kollef M.H. The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 2000, 118:146-155.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 146-155
    • Ibrahim, E.H.1    Sherman, G.2    Ward, S.3    Fraser, V.J.4    Kollef, M.H.5
  • 7
    • 0031762306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with bloodstream infection
    • Leibovici L., Shraga I., Drucker M., Konigsberger H., Samra Z., Pitlik S.D. The benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with bloodstream infection. J Intern Med 1998, 244:379-386.
    • (1998) J Intern Med , vol.244 , pp. 379-386
    • Leibovici, L.1    Shraga, I.2    Drucker, M.3    Konigsberger, H.4    Samra, Z.5    Pitlik, S.D.6
  • 8
    • 0242266613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis
    • Harbarth S., Garbino J., Pugin J., Romand J.A., Lew D., Pittet D. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis. Am J Med 2003, 115:529-535.
    • (2003) Am J Med , vol.115 , pp. 529-535
    • Harbarth, S.1    Garbino, J.2    Pugin, J.3    Romand, J.A.4    Lew, D.5    Pittet, D.6
  • 9
    • 1642456548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adequacy of early empiric antibiotic treatment and survival in severe sepsis: experience from the MONARCS trial
    • MacArthur R.D., Miller M., Albertson T., et al. Adequacy of early empiric antibiotic treatment and survival in severe sepsis: experience from the MONARCS trial. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 38:284-288.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 284-288
    • MacArthur, R.D.1    Miller, M.2    Albertson, T.3
  • 10
    • 34548490300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of antibiotic therapy in severe infections: optimizing the therapeutic approach by use of laboratory and clinical data
    • Deresinski S. Principles of antibiotic therapy in severe infections: optimizing the therapeutic approach by use of laboratory and clinical data. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 45:S177-S183.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45
    • Deresinski, S.1
  • 11
    • 0036225961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can PK/PD be used in everyday clinical practice
    • Scaglione F. Can PK/PD be used in everyday clinical practice. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002, 19:349-353.
    • (2002) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.19 , pp. 349-353
    • Scaglione, F.1
  • 12
    • 0028831358 scopus 로고
    • The importance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic surrogate markers to outcome. Focus on antibacterial agents
    • Hyatt J.M., McKinnon P.S., Zimmer G.S., Schentag J.J. The importance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic surrogate markers to outcome. Focus on antibacterial agents. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995, 28:143-160.
    • (1995) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.28 , pp. 143-160
    • Hyatt, J.M.1    McKinnon, P.S.2    Zimmer, G.S.3    Schentag, J.J.4
  • 13
    • 33744823760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antimicrobial therapy puzzle: could pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships be helpful in addressing the issue of appropriate pneumonia treatment in critically ill patients
    • Pea F., Viale P. The antimicrobial therapy puzzle: could pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships be helpful in addressing the issue of appropriate pneumonia treatment in critically ill patients. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42:1764-1771.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1764-1771
    • Pea, F.1    Viale, P.2
  • 14
    • 0031952586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men
    • Craig W.A. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men. Clin Infect Dis 1998, 26:1-10.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.26 , pp. 1-10
    • Craig, W.A.1
  • 15
    • 0021867438 scopus 로고
    • Dual individualization: antibiotic dosage calculation from the integration of in-vitro pharmacodynamics and in-vivo pharmacokinetics
    • Schentag J.J., Swanson D.J., Smith I.L. Dual individualization: antibiotic dosage calculation from the integration of in-vitro pharmacodynamics and in-vivo pharmacokinetics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985, 15:S47-57.
    • (1985) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.15
    • Schentag, J.J.1    Swanson, D.J.2    Smith, I.L.3
  • 16
    • 0003046910 scopus 로고
    • Dual individualization with antibiotics: integrated antibiotic management strategies for use in hospitals
    • Applied Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver (WA), W.E. Evans, J.J. Schentag, W.J. Jusko (Eds.)
    • Schentag J.J., Ballow C.H., Paladino J.A., Nix D.E. Dual individualization with antibiotics: integrated antibiotic management strategies for use in hospitals. Applied pharmacokinetics. Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring 1992, Applied Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver (WA), p.17.1-20. 3rd ed. W.E. Evans, J.J. Schentag, W.J. Jusko (Eds.).
    • (1992) Applied pharmacokinetics. Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring
    • Schentag, J.J.1    Ballow, C.H.2    Paladino, J.A.3    Nix, D.E.4
  • 17
    • 33746784161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial dosing in intensive care: pharmacokinetics, degree of disease and pharmacodynamics of sepsis
    • Roberts J.A., Lipman J. Antibacterial dosing in intensive care: pharmacokinetics, degree of disease and pharmacodynamics of sepsis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2006, 45:755-773.
    • (2006) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.45 , pp. 755-773
    • Roberts, J.A.1    Lipman, J.2
  • 18
    • 25144470553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients: a review of pathophysiological conditions responsible for altered disposition and pharmacokinetic variability
    • Pea F., Viale P., Furlanut M. Antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients: a review of pathophysiological conditions responsible for altered disposition and pharmacokinetic variability. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005, 44:1009-1034.
    • (2005) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.44 , pp. 1009-1034
    • Pea, F.1    Viale, P.2    Furlanut, M.3
  • 19
    • 0036438587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations when treating patients with sepsis and septic shock
    • De Paepe P., Belpaire F.M., Buylaert W.A. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations when treating patients with sepsis and septic shock. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002, 41:1135-1151.
    • (2002) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.41 , pp. 1135-1151
    • De Paepe, P.1    Belpaire, F.M.2    Buylaert, W.A.3
  • 21
    • 12944307865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in critical illness
    • Mehrotra R., De Gaudio R., Palazzo M. Antibiotic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in critical illness. Intensive Care Med 2004, 30:2145-2156.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 2145-2156
    • Mehrotra, R.1    De Gaudio, R.2    Palazzo, M.3
  • 22
    • 0023740228 scopus 로고
    • The altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs commonly used in critically ill patients
    • Bodenham A., Shelly M.P., Park G.R. The altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs commonly used in critically ill patients. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988, 14:347-373.
    • (1988) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.14 , pp. 347-373
    • Bodenham, A.1    Shelly, M.P.2    Park, G.R.3
  • 23
    • 1242315414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling can help guide targeted antimicrobial therapy for nosocomial gram-negative infections in critically ill patients
    • Mohr J.F., Wanger A., Rex J.H. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling can help guide targeted antimicrobial therapy for nosocomial gram-negative infections in critically ill patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004, 48:125-130.
    • (2004) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 125-130
    • Mohr, J.F.1    Wanger, A.2    Rex, J.H.3
  • 24
    • 77950863728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical antibiotic therapy for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, J.L. Vincent, J. Carlet, S.M. Opal (Eds.)
    • Bochud P.Y., Glauser M.P., Carlet J., Calandra T. Empirical antibiotic therapy for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The Sepsis Text 2002, 539-558. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. J.L. Vincent, J. Carlet, S.M. Opal (Eds.).
    • (2002) The Sepsis Text , pp. 539-558
    • Bochud, P.Y.1    Glauser, M.P.2    Carlet, J.3    Calandra, T.4
  • 25
    • 0035177895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualising aminoglycoside dosage regimens after therapeutic drug monitoring: simple or complex pharmacokinetic methods
    • Tod M.M., Padoin C., Petitjean O. Individualising aminoglycoside dosage regimens after therapeutic drug monitoring: simple or complex pharmacokinetic methods. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001, 40:803-814.
    • (2001) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.40 , pp. 803-814
    • Tod, M.M.1    Padoin, C.2    Petitjean, O.3
  • 26
    • 0025854724 scopus 로고
    • An updated comparison of drug dosing methods. Part III: aminoglycoside antibiotics
    • Erdman S.M., Rodvold K.A., Pryka R.D. An updated comparison of drug dosing methods. Part III: aminoglycoside antibiotics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1991, 20:374-388.
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.20 , pp. 374-388
    • Erdman, S.M.1    Rodvold, K.A.2    Pryka, R.D.3
  • 27
    • 0017204845 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of dosing regimens which utilize multiple intravenous infusions: gentamicin in burn patients
    • Sawchuk R.J., Zaske D.E. Pharmacokinetics of dosing regimens which utilize multiple intravenous infusions: gentamicin in burn patients. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1976, 4:183-195.
    • (1976) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.4 , pp. 183-195
    • Sawchuk, R.J.1    Zaske, D.E.2
  • 29
    • 33947230204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luxembourg edition, Belgian, J.P. Sanford, D.N. Gilbert, R.C. Moellering (Eds.)
    • The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy 2005-2006, Luxembourg edition, Belgian. 19th ed. J.P. Sanford, D.N. Gilbert, R.C. Moellering (Eds.).
    • (2005) The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy
  • 30
    • 0037389094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. International Sepsis Definitions Conference
    • Levy M.M., Fink M.P., Marshall J.C., et al. SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 2003, 31:1250-1256.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 1250-1256
    • Levy, M.M.1    Fink, M.P.2    Marshall, J.C.3
  • 32
    • 0030015661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
    • Vincent J.L., Moreno R., Takala J., et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 1996, 22:707-710.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 707-710
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Moreno, R.2    Takala, J.3
  • 33
    • 0019848515 scopus 로고
    • Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the determination of therapeutic drug levels in human plasma
    • Jolley M.E. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the determination of therapeutic drug levels in human plasma. J Anal Toxicol 1981, 5:236-240.
    • (1981) J Anal Toxicol , vol.5 , pp. 236-240
    • Jolley, M.E.1
  • 34
    • 77950863162 scopus 로고
    • Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division. TDxFLx/TDx assays manual
    • Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division. TDxFLx/TDx assays manual. 1990.
    • (1990)
  • 35
    • 77950860074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Q2(R1); Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology. Nov 2005. Available at: Accessed November 2,
    • International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Q2(R1); Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology. Nov 2005. Available at: Accessed November 2, 2005. http://www.ich.org/LOB/media/MEDIA417.pdf.
    • (2005)
  • 36
    • 77950865208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). Guidance for industry: bioanalytical method validation. May, Available at: Accessed November 2, 2005.
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). Guidance for industry: bioanalytical method validation. May 2001. Available at: Accessed November 2, 2005. http://www.fda.gov/cder/Guidance/4252fnl.pdf.
    • (2001)
  • 37
    • 0026072803 scopus 로고
    • Computerized approach to monitoring aminoglycosides
    • Leal T., Parez J.J., Vanbinst R., Wallemacq P.E. Computerized approach to monitoring aminoglycosides. Clin Chem 1991, 37:1415-1419.
    • (1991) Clin Chem , vol.37 , pp. 1415-1419
    • Leal, T.1    Parez, J.J.2    Vanbinst, R.3    Wallemacq, P.E.4
  • 38
    • 0019604592 scopus 로고
    • Some suggestions for measuring predictive performance
    • Sheiner L.B., Beal S.L. Some suggestions for measuring predictive performance. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1981, 9:503-512.
    • (1981) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.9 , pp. 503-512
    • Sheiner, L.B.1    Beal, S.L.2
  • 39
    • 0016916438 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine
    • Cockcroft D.W., Gault M.H. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976, 16:31-41.
    • (1976) Nephron , vol.16 , pp. 31-41
    • Cockcroft, D.W.1    Gault, M.H.2
  • 40
    • 0001106451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine [abstract]
    • Levey A.S., Greene T., Kusek J.W., Beck G.J. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine [abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000, 11:A0828.
    • (2000) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.11
    • Levey, A.S.1    Greene, T.2    Kusek, J.W.3    Beck, G.J.4
  • 41
    • 4243310172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting the best regression model
    • McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York (NY), S.A. Glantz, B.K. Slinker (Eds.)
    • Glantz S.A., Slinker B.K. Selecting the best regression model. Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance 2000, 241-273. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York (NY). 2nd ed. S.A. Glantz, B.K. Slinker (Eds.).
    • (2000) Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance , pp. 241-273
    • Glantz, S.A.1    Slinker, B.K.2
  • 42
    • 33947259323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are population pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic models adequately evaluated? A survey of the literature from 2002 to 2004
    • Brendel K., Dartois C., Comets E. Are population pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic models adequately evaluated? A survey of the literature from 2002 to 2004. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007, 46:221-234.
    • (2007) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.46 , pp. 221-234
    • Brendel, K.1    Dartois, C.2    Comets, E.3
  • 43
    • 34548837515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin and ceftazidime
    • Panomvana D., Kiatjaroensin S.A., Phiboonbanakit D. Correlation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin and ceftazidime. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007, 46:859-866.
    • (2007) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.46 , pp. 859-866
    • Panomvana, D.1    Kiatjaroensin, S.A.2    Phiboonbanakit, D.3
  • 44
    • 0016913384 scopus 로고
    • Significance of serum protein and tissue binding of antimicrobial agents
    • Craig W.A., Kunin C.M. Significance of serum protein and tissue binding of antimicrobial agents. Annu Rev Med 1976, 27:287-300.
    • (1976) Annu Rev Med , vol.27 , pp. 287-300
    • Craig, W.A.1    Kunin, C.M.2
  • 45
    • 0018876719 scopus 로고
    • The significance of protein binding of antibiotics in antibacterial chemotherapy
    • Rolinson G.N. The significance of protein binding of antibiotics in antibacterial chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 1980, 6:311-317.
    • (1980) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.6 , pp. 311-317
    • Rolinson, G.N.1
  • 47
    • 77950862798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association Générale de l'Industrie du Médicament asbl
    • Compendium 2003, Association Générale de l'Industrie du Médicament asbl. 21st ed.
    • (2003) Compendium
  • 48
    • 0034834071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrier proteins determine local pharmacokinetics and arterial distribution of paclitaxel
    • Lovich M.A., Creel C., Hong K., Hwang C.W., Edelman E.R. Carrier proteins determine local pharmacokinetics and arterial distribution of paclitaxel. J Pharm Sci 2001, 90:1324-1335.
    • (2001) J Pharm Sci , vol.90 , pp. 1324-1335
    • Lovich, M.A.1    Creel, C.2    Hong, K.3    Hwang, C.W.4    Edelman, E.R.5
  • 51
    • 0018979475 scopus 로고
    • Gentamicin dosage requirements: wide interpatient variations in 242 surgery patients with normal renal function
    • Zaske D.E., Cipolle R.J., Strate R.J. Gentamicin dosage requirements: wide interpatient variations in 242 surgery patients with normal renal function. Surgery 1980, 87:164-169.
    • (1980) Surgery , vol.87 , pp. 164-169
    • Zaske, D.E.1    Cipolle, R.J.2    Strate, R.J.3
  • 53
    • 84944368488 scopus 로고
    • Wide interpatient variations in gentamicin dosage requirements for geriatric patients
    • Zaske D.E., Irvine P., Strand L.M., Strate R.G., Cipolle R.J., Rotschafer J. Wide interpatient variations in gentamicin dosage requirements for geriatric patients. JAMA 1982, 248:3122-3126.
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.248 , pp. 3122-3126
    • Zaske, D.E.1    Irvine, P.2    Strand, L.M.3    Strate, R.G.4    Cipolle, R.J.5    Rotschafer, J.6
  • 54
    • 13244271254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-Cost-Effectiveness of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Committee of the International Association for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Cost-effectiveness of therapeutic drug monitoring: a systematic review
    • Touw D.J., Neef C., Thomson A.H., Vinks A.A. Cost-Cost-Effectiveness of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Committee of the International Association for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Cost-effectiveness of therapeutic drug monitoring: a systematic review. Ther Drug Monit 2005, 27:10-17.
    • (2005) Ther Drug Monit , vol.27 , pp. 10-17
    • Touw, D.J.1    Neef, C.2    Thomson, A.H.3    Vinks, A.A.4
  • 55
    • 0002351195 scopus 로고
    • Special pharmacokinetic considerations in the elderly
    • Applied Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver (WA), W.E. Evans, J.J. Schentag, W.J. Jusko (Eds.)
    • Mayersohn M.B. Special pharmacokinetic considerations in the elderly. Applied pharmacokinetics. Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring 1992, Applied Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver (WA), p.9.1-43. 3rd ed. W.E. Evans, J.J. Schentag, W.J. Jusko (Eds.).
    • (1992) Applied pharmacokinetics. Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring
    • Mayersohn, M.B.1
  • 56
    • 0031856680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams
    • Turnidge J.D. The pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams. Clin Infect Dis 1998, 27:10-22.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 10-22
    • Turnidge, J.D.1
  • 57
    • 0023119430 scopus 로고
    • Clinical response to aminoglycoside therapy: importance of the ratio of peak concentration to minimal inhibitory concentration
    • Moore R.D., Lietman P.S., Smith C.R. Clinical response to aminoglycoside therapy: importance of the ratio of peak concentration to minimal inhibitory concentration. J Infect Dis 1987, 155:93-99.
    • (1987) J Infect Dis , vol.155 , pp. 93-99
    • Moore, R.D.1    Lietman, P.S.2    Smith, C.R.3
  • 59
    • 0029738365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AUIC-the universal parameter within the constraint of a reasonable dosing interval
    • Schentag J.J., Nix D.E., Forrest A., Adelman M.H. AUIC-the universal parameter within the constraint of a reasonable dosing interval. Ann Pharmacother 1996, 30:1029-1031.
    • (1996) Ann Pharmacother , vol.30 , pp. 1029-1031
    • Schentag, J.J.1    Nix, D.E.2    Forrest, A.3    Adelman, M.H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.