메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 215-222

Preservation of the immunogenicity of dry-powder influenza H5N1 whole inactivated virus vaccine at elevated storage temperatures

Author keywords

Freeze drying; Inulin; Pandemic influenza; Vaccine stockpiling; Whole inactivated influenza vaccine (H5N1)

Indexed keywords

INFLUENZA H5N1 WHOLE INACTIVATED VIRUS VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINE; INULIN; STABILIZING AGENT; TREHALOSE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 77950681753     PISSN: 15507416     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1208/s12248-010-9179-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0036514779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updating the accounts: Global mortality of the 1918-1920 "spanish" influenza pandemic
    • Johnson NP, Mueller J. Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 "Spanish" influenza pandemic. Bull Hist Med. 2002;76:105-115
    • (2002) Bull Hist Med. , vol.76 , pp. 105-115
    • Johnson, N.P.1    Mueller, J.2
  • 2
    • 77950637351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/ 2009/h1n1-pandemic-phase6-20090611/en/index.html.
  • 4
    • 65549166268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infections-worldwide
    • May 6, 2009
    • Update: novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infections-worldwide, May 6, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:453-458
    • (2009) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. , vol.58 , pp. 453-458
  • 6
    • 77950674988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009-06-12/en/index. html.
  • 7
    • 0037402154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology and clinical impact of pandemic influenza
    • Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Hampson AW. The epidemiology and clinical impact of pandemic influenza. Vaccine. 2003;21:1762-1768
    • (2003) Vaccine , vol.21 , pp. 1762-1768
    • Nguyen-Van-Tam, J.S.1    Hampson, A.W.2
  • 8
    • 33646358750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccine development for an imminent pandemic: Why we should worry, what we must do
    • FedsonDS. Vaccine development for an imminent pandemic: why we should worry, what we must do. Hum Vaccin. 2006;2:38-42.
    • (2006) Hum Vaccin. , vol.2 , pp. 38-42
    • Fedson, D.S.1
  • 9
    • 26444506691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes
    • DOI 10.1038/nature04230, PII N04230
    • Taubenberger JK, Reid AH, Lourens RM, Wang R, Jin G, Fanning TG. Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes. Nature. 2005;437:889-893 (Pubitemid 41486764)
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , Issue.7060 , pp. 889-893
    • Taubenberger, J.K.1    Reid, A.H.2    Lourens, R.M.3    Wang, R.4    Jin, G.5    Fanning, T.G.6
  • 10
    • 77950688020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian-influenza/ country/cases-table-2009-06-02/en/index.html.
  • 11
    • 77950677562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ influenza/WHO-CDS-CSR-GIP-2005-5/en/.
  • 13
    • 31344477007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccines and antiviral drugs in pandemic preparedness
    • Monto AS. Vaccines and antiviral drugs in pandemic preparedness. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:55-60.
    • (2006) Emerg Infect Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 55-60
    • Monto, A.S.1
  • 14
    • 33750313978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral management of seasonal and pandemic influenza
    • DOI 10.1086/507552
    • Hayden FG, Pavia AT. Antiviral management of seasonal and pandemic influenza. J Infect Dis. 2006;194 Suppl 2:S119-26. (Pubitemid 44630955)
    • (2006) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.194 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Hayden, F.G.1    Pavia, A.T.2
  • 17
    • 34547837401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen sparing and cross-reactive immunity with an adjuvanted rH5N1 prototype pandemic influenza vaccine: a randomised controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61297-5, PII S0140673607612975
    • Leroux-Roels I, Borkowski A, Vanwolleghem T, Drame M, Clement F, Hons E, et al. Antigen sparing and cross-reactive immunity with an adjuvanted rH5N1 prototype pandemic influenza vaccine: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:580-589 (Pubitemid 47247854)
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , Issue.9587 , pp. 580-589
    • Leroux-Roels, I.1    Borkowski, A.2    Vanwolleghem, T.3    Drame, M.4    Clement, F.5    Hons, E.6    Devaster, J.-M.7    Leroux-Roels, G.8
  • 18
    • 50949104571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An adjuvanted, low-dose, pandemic influenza A (H5N1) vaccine candidate is safe, immunogenic, and induces cross-reactive immune responses in healthy adults
    • Levie K, Leroux-Roels I, Hoppenbrouwers K, Kervyn AD, Vandermeulen C, Forgus S, et al. An adjuvanted, low-dose, pandemic influenza A (H5N1) vaccine candidate is safe, immunogenic, and induces cross-reactive immune responses in healthy adults. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:642-649
    • (2008) J Infect Dis. , vol.198 , pp. 642-649
    • Levie, K.1    Leroux-Roels, I.2    Hoppenbrouwers, K.3    Kervyn, A.D.4    Vandermeulen, C.5    Forgus, S.6
  • 21
    • 64549140108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-reactive immunity to clade 2 strains of influenza virus A subtype H5N1 induced in adults and elderly patients by Fluval, a prototype pandemic influenza virus vaccine derived by reverse genetics, formulated with a phosphate adjuvant, and directed to clade 1 strains
    • Fazekas G, Martosne-Mendi R, Jankovics I, Szilvasy I, Vajo Z. Cross-reactive immunity to clade 2 strains of influenza virus A subtype H5N1 induced in adults and elderly patients by Fluval, a prototype pandemic influenza virus vaccine derived by reverse genetics, formulated with a phosphate adjuvant, and directed to clade 1 strains. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009;16:437-443
    • (2009) Clin Vaccine Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 437-443
    • Fazekas, G.1    Martosne-Mendi, R.2    Jankovics, I.3    Szilvasy, I.4    Vajo, Z.5
  • 22
    • 33746141255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization with reverse-genetics-produced H5N1 influenza vaccine protects Ferrets against homologous and heterologous challenge
    • DOI 10.1086/505225
    • Govorkova EA, Webby RJ, Humberd J, Seiler JP, Webster RG. Immunization with reverse-genetics-produced H5N1 influenza vaccine protects ferrets against homologous and heterologous challenge. J Infect Dis. 2006;194:159-167 (Pubitemid 44087186)
    • (2006) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.194 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-167
    • Govorkova, E.A.1    Webby, R.J.2    Humberd, J.3    Seiler, J.P.4    Webster, R.G.5
  • 23
    • 55749097601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-clade protective immunity of H5N1 influenza vaccines in a mouse model
    • Murakami S, Iwasa A, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Ito M, Kiso M, Kida H, et al. Cross-clade protective immunity of H5N1 influenza vaccines in a mouse model. Vaccine. 2008;26:6398-6404
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , pp. 6398-6404
    • Murakami, S.1    Iwasa, A.2    Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K.3    Ito, M.4    Kiso, M.5    Kida, H.6
  • 25
    • 34347257116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing the dose of prepandemic influenza vaccines to reduce the infection attack rate
    • Riley S, Wu JT, Leung GM. Optimizing the dose of prepandemic influenza vaccines to reduce the infection attack rate. PLoS Med. 2007;4:e218.
    • (2007) PLoS Med. , vol.4
    • Riley, S.1    Wu, J.T.2    Leung, G.M.3
  • 26
    • 50949099930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune responses of healthy subjects to a single dose of intramuscular inactivated influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) vaccine after priming with an antigenic variant
    • Goji NA, Nolan C, Hill H, Wolff M, Noah DL, Williams TB, et al. Immune responses of healthy subjects to a single dose of intramuscular inactivated influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) vaccine after priming with an antigenic variant. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:635-641
    • (2008) J Infect Dis. , vol.198 , pp. 635-641
    • Goji, N.A.1    Nolan, C.2    Hill, H.3    Wolff, M.4    Noah, D.L.5    Williams, T.B.6
  • 27
    • 52049100400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stockpiling prepandemic influenza vaccines: A new cornerstone of pandemic preparedness plans
    • Jennings LC, Monto AS, Chan PK, Szucs TD, Nicholson KG. Stockpiling prepandemic influenza vaccines: a new cornerstone of pandemic preparedness plans. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:650-658
    • (2008) Lancet Infect Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 650-658
    • Jennings, L.C.1    Monto, A.S.2    Chan, P.K.3    Szucs, T.D.4    Nicholson, K.G.5
  • 29
    • 8144226081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel dry powder influenza vaccine and intranasal delivery technology: Induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in rats
    • DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.049, PII S0264410X0400547X
    • Huang J, Garmise RJ, Crowder TM, Mar K, Hwang CR, Hickey AJ, et al. A novel dry powder influenza vaccine and intranasal delivery technology: induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in rats. Vaccine. 2004;23:794-801. (Pubitemid 39473178)
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 794-801
    • Huang, J.1    Garmise, R.J.2    Crowder, T.M.3    Mar, K.4    Hwang, C.R.5    Hickey, A.J.6    Mikszta, J.A.7    Sullivan, V.J.8
  • 30
    • 0030331456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems encountered in the delivery and storage of OPV in an African country
    • Schoub BD, Cameron NA. Problems encountered in the delivery and storage of OPV in an African country. Dev Biol Stand. 1996;87:27-32.
    • (1996) Dev Biol Stand. , vol.87 , pp. 27-32
    • Schoub, B.D.1    Cameron, N.A.2
  • 31
    • 43049120930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of stable influenza vaccine powder formulations: Challenges and possibilities
    • Amorij JP, Huckriede A, Wilschut J, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WL. Development of stable influenza vaccine powder formulations: challenges and possibilities. Pharm Res. 2008;25:1256-1273
    • (2008) Pharm Res. , vol.25 , pp. 1256-1273
    • Amorij, J.P.1    Huckriede, A.2    Wilschut, J.3    Frijlink, H.W.4    Hinrichs, W.L.5
  • 32
    • 0034255393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyophilization and development of solid protein pharmaceuticals
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00423-3, PII S0378517300004233
    • Wang W. Lyophilization and development of solid protein pharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm. 2000;203:1-60. (Pubitemid 30627625)
    • (2000) International Journal of Pharmaceutics , vol.203 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-60
    • Wang, W.1
  • 33
    • 34547603658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational design of an influenza subunit vaccine powder with sugar glass technology: Preventing conformational changes of haemagglutinin during freezing and freeze-drying
    • DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.054, PII S0264410X07007372
    • Amorij JP, Meulenaar J, Hinrichs WL, Stegmann T, Huckriede A, Coenen F, et al. Rational design of an influenza subunit vaccine powder with sugar glass technology: preventing conformational changes of haemagglutinin during freezing and freeze-drying. Vaccine. 2007;25:6447-6457 (Pubitemid 47198923)
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , Issue.35 , pp. 6447-6457
    • Amorij, J.-P.1    Meulenaar, J.2    Hinrichs, W.L.J.3    Stegmann, T.4    Huckriede, A.5    Coenen, F.6    Frijlink, H.W.7
  • 34
    • 3042692494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza vaccine powder formulation development: Spray-freeze-drying and stability evaluation
    • DOI 10.1002/jps.20104
    • Maa YF, Ameri M, Shu C, Payne LG, Chen D. Influenza vaccine powder formulation development: spray-freeze-drying and stability evaluation. J Pharm Sci. 2004;93:1912-1923 (Pubitemid 38823716)
    • (2004) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.93 , Issue.7 , pp. 1912-1923
    • Maa, Y.-F.1    Ameri, M.2    Shu, C.3    Payne, L.G.4    Chen, D.5
  • 35
    • 0022365706 scopus 로고
    • Preservation of freeze-dried liposomes by trehalose
    • DOI 10.1016/0003-9861(85)90498-9
    • Crowe LM, Crowe JH, Rudolph A, Womersley C, Appel L. Preservation of freeze-dried liposomes by trehalose. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1985;242:240-247 (Pubitemid 16224092)
    • (1985) Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , vol.242 , Issue.1 , pp. 240-247
    • Crowe, L.M.1    Crowe, J.H.2    Rudolph, A.3
  • 37
    • 0019192114 scopus 로고
    • New developments in the measurement of the hemagglutinin content of influenza virus vaccines by singleradial-immunodiffusion
    • Williams MS, Mayner RE, Daniel NJ, Phelan MA, Rastogi SC, Bozeman FM, et al. New developments in the measurement of the hemagglutinin content of influenza virus vaccines by singleradial-immunodiffusion. J Biol Stand. 1980;8:289-296
    • (1980) J Biol Stand. , vol.8 , pp. 289-296
    • Williams, M.S.1    Mayner, R.E.2    Daniel, N.J.3    Phelan, M.A.4    Rastogi, S.C.5    Bozeman, F.M.6
  • 38
    • 34547104614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inulin sugar glasses preserve the structural integrity and biological activity of influenza virosomes during freeze-drying and storage
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.05.112, PII S0928098707002527
    • de Jonge J, Amorij JP, Hinrichs WL, Wilschut J, Huckriede A, Frijlink HW. Inulin sugar glasses preserve the structural integrity and biological activity of influenza virosomes during freeze-drying and storage. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2007;32:33-44. (Pubitemid 47102189)
    • (2007) European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-44
    • De Jonge, J.1    Amorij, J.-P.2    Hinrichs, W.L.J.3    Wilschut, J.4    Huckriede, A.5    Frijlink, H.W.6
  • 39
    • 0035857695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inulin glasses for the stabilization of therapeutic proteins
    • Hinrichs WL, Prinsen MG, Frijlink HW. Inulin glasses for the stabilization of therapeutic proteins. Int J Pharm. 2001;215:163-744
    • (2001) Int J Pharm. , vol.215 , pp. 163-744
    • Hinrichs, W.L.1    Prinsen, M.G.2    Frijlink, H.W.3
  • 41
    • 50849116757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior immunogenicity of inactivated whole virus H5N1 influenza vaccine is primarily controlled by Toll-like receptor signalling
    • Geeraedts F, Goutagny N, Hornung V, Severa M, de Haan A, Pool J, et al. Superior immunogenicity of inactivated whole virus H5N1 influenza vaccine is primarily controlled by Toll-like receptor signalling. PLoS Pathog. 2008;4:e1000138.
    • (2008) PLoS Pathog. , vol.4
    • Geeraedts, F.1    Goutagny, N.2    Hornung, V.3    Severa, M.4    De Haan, A.5    Pool, J.6
  • 42
    • 50849107415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole inactivated virus influenza vaccine is superior to subunit vaccine in inducing immune responses and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by DCs
    • Geeraedts F, Bungener L, Pool J, ter Veer W, Wilschut J, Huckriede A. Whole inactivated virus influenza vaccine is superior to subunit vaccine in inducing immune responses and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by DCs. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2008;2:41-51.
    • (2008) Influenza Other Respi Viruses , vol.2 , pp. 41-51
    • Geeraedts, F.1    Bungener, L.2    Pool, J.3    Ter Veer, W.4    Wilschut, J.5    Huckriede, A.6
  • 43
    • 22644447284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole influenza virus vaccine is more immunogenic than split influenza virus vaccine and induces primarily an IgG2a response in BALB/c mice
    • Hovden AO, Cox RJ, Haaheim LR. Whole influenza virus vaccine is more immunogenic than split influenza virus vaccine and induces primarily an IgG2a response in BALB/c mice. Scand J Immunol. 2005;62:36-44.
    • (2005) Scand J Immunol. , vol.62 , pp. 36-44
    • Hovden, A.O.1    Cox, R.J.2    Haaheim, L.R.3
  • 44
    • 42649093469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alum boosts TH2-type antibody responses to whole-inactivated virus influenza vaccine in mice but does not confer superior protection
    • Bungener L, Geeraedts F, Ter Veer W, Medema J, Wilschut J, Huckriede A. Alum boosts TH2-type antibody responses to whole-inactivated virus influenza vaccine in mice but does not confer superior protection. Vaccine. 2008;26:2350-2359
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , pp. 2350-2359
    • Bungener, L.1    Geeraedts, F.2    Ter Veer, W.3    Medema, J.4    Wilschut, J.5    Huckriede, A.6
  • 45
    • 58149197779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Head-to-head comparison of four nonadjuvanted inactivated cell culture-derived influenza vaccines: Effect of composition, spatial organization and immunization route on the immunogenicity in a murine challenge model
    • Hagenaars N, Mastrobattista E, Glansbeek H, Heldens J, van den Bosch H, Schijns V, et al. Head-to-head comparison of four nonadjuvanted inactivated cell culture-derived influenza vaccines: effect of composition, spatial organization and immunization route on the immunogenicity in a murine challenge model. Vaccine. 2008;26:6555-63.
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , pp. 6555-6563
    • Hagenaars, N.1    Mastrobattista, E.2    Glansbeek, H.3    Heldens, J.4    Van Den Bosch, H.5    Schijns, V.6
  • 46
    • 77950671448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/ DocsPDF06/863.pdf.
  • 47
    • 1542317550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate Antiviral Responses by Means of TLR7-Mediated Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1093616
    • Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Reis e Sousa C. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science. 2004;303:1529-1531 (Pubitemid 38314425)
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , Issue.5663 , pp. 1529-1531
    • Diebold, S.S.1    Kaisho, T.2    Hemmi, H.3    Akira, S.4    Reis E Sousa, C.5
  • 48
    • 35448931929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel dry powder preparations of whole inactivated influenza virus for nasal vaccination
    • Garmise RJ, Staats HF, Hickey AJ. Novel dry powder preparations of whole inactivated influenza virus for nasal vaccination. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2007;8:E81.
    • (2007) AAPS PharmSciTech. , vol.8
    • Garmise, R.J.1    Staats, H.F.2    Hickey, A.J.3
  • 49
    • 0020400185 scopus 로고
    • Freeze-drying is an effective method for preserving infectious type C retroviruses
    • Levy JA, Fieldsteel AH. Freeze-drying is an effective method for preserving infectious type C retroviruses. J Virol Methods. 1982;5:165-171
    • (1982) J Virol Methods , vol.5 , pp. 165-171
    • Levy, J.A.1    Fieldsteel, A.H.2
  • 50
    • 0036186025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilizing coldadapted influenza virus vaccine under various storage conditions
    • Yannarell DA, Goldberg KM, Hjorth RN. Stabilizing coldadapted influenza virus vaccine under various storage conditions. J Virol Methods. 2002;102:15-25.
    • (2002) J Virol Methods , vol.102 , pp. 15-25
    • Yannarell, D.A.1    Goldberg, K.M.2    Hjorth, R.N.3
  • 51
    • 0036239562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific effects of fructo- and gluco-oligosaccharides in the preservation of liposomes during drying
    • Hincha DK, Zuther E, Hellwege EM, Heyer AG. Specific effects of fructo- and gluco-oligosaccharides in the preservation of liposomes during drying. Glycobiology. 2002;12:103-110 (Pubitemid 34428933)
    • (2002) Glycobiology , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-110
    • Hincha, D.K.1    Zuther, E.2    Hellwege, E.M.3    Heyer, A.G.4
  • 53
    • 38949117752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential role of TLR- and RLR-signaling in the immune responses to influenza A virus infection and vaccination
    • Koyama S, Ishii KJ, Kumar H, Tanimoto T, Coban C, Uematsu S, et al. Differential role of TLR- and RLR-signaling in the immune responses to influenza A virus infection and vaccination. J Immunol. 2007;179:4711-4720
    • (2007) J Immunol. , vol.179 , pp. 4711-4720
    • Koyama, S.1    Ishii, K.J.2    Kumar, H.3    Tanimoto, T.4    Coban, C.5    Uematsu, S.6
  • 54
    • 0015452705 scopus 로고
    • The role of serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in protection against challenge infection with influenza A2 and B viruses
    • Hobson D, Curry RL, Beare AS, Ward-Gardner A. The role of serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in protection against challenge infection with influenza A2 and B viruses. J Hyg (Lond). 1972;70:767-777
    • (1972) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.70 , pp. 767-777
    • Hobson, D.1    Curry, R.L.2    Beare, A.S.3    Ward-Gardner, A.4
  • 56
    • 27644492741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two doses of parenterally administered split influenza virus vaccine elicited high serum IgG concentrations which effectively limited viral shedding upon challenge in mice
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01666.x
    • Hovden AO, Cox RJ, Madhun A, Haaheim LR. Two doses of parenterally administered split influenza virus vaccine elicited high serum IgG concentrations which effectively limited viral shedding upon challenge in mice. Scand J Immunol. 2005;62:342-352 (Pubitemid 41565386)
    • (2005) Scandinavian Journal of Immunology , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 342-352
    • Hovden, A.-O.1    Cox, R.J.2    Madhun, A.3    Haaheim, L.R.4
  • 58
    • 70449533155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goals of stability evaluation throughout the vaccine life cycle
    • discussion 421-3
    • Krause PR. Goals of stability evaluation throughout the vaccine life cycle. Biologicals. 2009;37:369-78. discussion 421-423
    • (2009) Biologicals. , vol.37 , pp. 369-78
    • Krause, P.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.