메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2010, Pages

Heroin-assisted treatment in the Netherlands: History, findings, and international context

Author keywords

Addiction treatment pharmacology; Drug dependence; Effectiveness; Heroin

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; BUPRENORPHINE; CAFFEINE; DEXTROMORAMIDE; DIAMORPHINE; HYDROMORPHONE; LEVACETYLMETHADOL; METHADONE; MORPHINE; OPIATE;

EID: 77950669889     PISSN: 0924977X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0924-977X(10)70001-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (196)
  • 1
    • 0032865588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the external panel on the evaluation of the Swiss scientific studies of medically prescribed narcotics to drug addicts
    • Ali R., Auriacombe M., Casas M., Cottler L., Farrell M., Kleiber D. Report of the external panel on the evaluation of the Swiss scientific studies of medically prescribed narcotics to drug addicts. Sucht 1999, 45:160-170.
    • (1999) Sucht , vol.45 , pp. 160-170
    • Ali, R.1    Auriacombe, M.2    Casas, M.3    Cottler, L.4    Farrell, M.5    Kleiber, D.6
  • 2
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC
    • American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders 1994, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders
  • 4
    • 0242643002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What can the Swiss and Dutch trials tell us about the potential risks associated with heroin prescribing?
    • Bammer G., Van den Brink W., Gschwend P., Hendriks V., Rehm J. What can the Swiss and Dutch trials tell us about the potential risks associated with heroin prescribing?. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2003, 22:363-371.
    • (2003) Drug Alcohol Rev. , vol.22 , pp. 363-371
    • Bammer, G.1    Van den Brink, W.2    Gschwend, P.3    Hendriks, V.4    Rehm, J.5
  • 5
    • 0034672282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cost data in randomized trials: an application of the non-parametric bootstrap
    • Barber J.A., Thompson S.G. Analysis of cost data in randomized trials: an application of the non-parametric bootstrap. Stat. Med. 2000, 19:3219-3236.
    • (2000) Stat. Med. , vol.19 , pp. 3219-3236
    • Barber, J.A.1    Thompson, S.G.2
  • 6
    • 77950680145 scopus 로고
    • Drugs binnen de grenzen, harddrugs en criminaliteit in Nederland; schattingen van de omvang. Intraval, Groningen/Rotterdam.
    • Bieleman, B., Snippe, J., De Bie, E., 1995. Drugs binnen de grenzen, harddrugs en criminaliteit in Nederland; schattingen van de omvang. Intraval, Groningen/Rotterdam.
    • (1995)
    • Bieleman, B.1    Snippe, J.2    De Bie, E.3
  • 7
    • 12744274556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching of treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients to medical prescription of heroin or oral methadone treatment: results from two randomized controlled trials
    • Blanken P., Hendriks V.M., Koeter M.W.J., Van Ree J.M., Van den Brink W. Matching of treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients to medical prescription of heroin or oral methadone treatment: results from two randomized controlled trials. Addiction 2005, 100:89-95.
    • (2005) Addiction , vol.100 , pp. 89-95
    • Blanken, P.1    Hendriks, V.M.2    Koeter, M.W.J.3    Van Ree, J.M.4    Van den Brink, W.5
  • 8
    • 74249119327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of long-term heroin-assisted treatment offered to chronic, treatment-resistant heroin addicts in the Netherlands
    • Blanken P., Hendriks V.M., Van Ree J.M., Van den Brink W. Outcome of long-term heroin-assisted treatment offered to chronic, treatment-resistant heroin addicts in the Netherlands. Addiction 2010, 105:300-308.
    • (2010) Addiction , vol.105 , pp. 300-308
    • Blanken, P.1    Hendriks, V.M.2    Van Ree, J.M.3    Van den Brink, W.4
  • 9
    • 0004206781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Stationery Office, London
    • British Pharmacopoeia 2004, The Stationery Office, London.
    • (2004) British Pharmacopoeia
  • 10
    • 0029952658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EuroQol: the current state of play
    • Brooks R. EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy 1996, 37:53-72.
    • (1996) Health Policy , vol.37 , pp. 53-72
    • Brooks, R.1
  • 14
    • 77950639014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of treatment with inhalable heroin on pulmonary function (submitted).
    • Buster, M.C.A., Van den Brink, W., Van Brussel, G.H.A., Van Ree, J.M., 2010. Influence of treatment with inhalable heroin on pulmonary function (submitted).
    • (2010)
    • Buster, M.C.A.1    Van den Brink, W.2    Van Brussel, G.H.A.3    Van Ree, J.M.4
  • 15
    • 77950643943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH), Investigating the medical prescription of heroin. A randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of medically co-prescribed heroin and oral methadone, compared to oral methadone alone, in chronic, treatment-refractory heroin addicts. CCBH, Utrecht.
    • Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH), 1997. Investigating the medical prescription of heroin. A randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of medically co-prescribed heroin and oral methadone, compared to oral methadone alone, in chronic, treatment-refractory heroin addicts. CCBH, Utrecht.
    • (1997)
  • 16
    • 77950674402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH), Medical co-prescription of heroin: two randomized controlled trials. CCBH, Utrecht.
    • Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH), 2002. Medical co-prescription of heroin: two randomized controlled trials. CCBH, Utrecht.
    • (2002)
  • 17
    • 0030825628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukoencephalopathy after inhalation of heroin vapor
    • Chang Y.J., Tsai C.H., Chen C.J. Leukoencephalopathy after inhalation of heroin vapor. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 1997, 96:758-760.
    • (1997) J. Formos. Med. Assoc. , vol.96 , pp. 758-760
    • Chang, Y.J.1    Tsai, C.H.2    Chen, C.J.3
  • 18
    • 77950656486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized phase II pilot study comparing oral diacetylmorphine, oral morphine and methadone in heroin dependent inpatients: feasibility of double-blind clinical trials with oral diacetylmorphine (submitted).
    • Colom, J., Trujols, J., Cases, M., 2010. A randomized phase II pilot study comparing oral diacetylmorphine, oral morphine and methadone in heroin dependent inpatients: feasibility of double-blind clinical trials with oral diacetylmorphine (submitted).
    • (2010)
    • Colom, J.1    Trujols, J.2    Cases, M.3
  • 19
    • 0032902357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intravenous and intranasal heroin self-administration by morphine-maintained humans
    • Comer S.D., Collins E.D., MacArthur R.B., Fischman M.W. Comparison of intravenous and intranasal heroin self-administration by morphine-maintained humans. Psychophar-macology (Berl.) 1999, 143:327-338.
    • (1999) Psychophar-macology (Berl.) , vol.143 , pp. 327-338
    • Comer, S.D.1    Collins, E.D.2    MacArthur, R.B.3    Fischman, M.W.4
  • 21
    • 0026530531 scopus 로고
    • Variations in methadone treatment practices: results from a national study
    • D'Aunno T., Vaughn T.E. Variations in methadone treatment practices: results from a national study. JAMA 1992, 267:253-257.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 253-257
    • D'Aunno, T.1    Vaughn, T.E.2
  • 22
    • 68249106123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employment-based abstinence reinforcement as a maintenance intervention for the treatment of cocaine dependence: a randomized controlled trial
    • DeFulio A., Donlin W.D., Wong C.J., Silverman K. Employment-based abstinence reinforcement as a maintenance intervention for the treatment of cocaine dependence: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2009, 104:1530-1538.
    • (2009) Addiction , vol.104 , pp. 1530-1538
    • DeFulio, A.1    Donlin, W.D.2    Wong, C.J.3    Silverman, K.4
  • 23
    • 17644436288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and geographic variations in the characteristics of heroin seized in Spain and their relation with the route of administration. Spanish Group for the Study of the Purity of Seized Drugs
    • De la Fuente L., Saavedra P., Barrio G., Royuela L., Vicente J. Temporal and geographic variations in the characteristics of heroin seized in Spain and their relation with the route of administration. Spanish Group for the Study of the Purity of Seized Drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 1996, 40:185-194.
    • (1996) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.40 , pp. 185-194
    • De la Fuente, L.1    Saavedra, P.2    Barrio, G.3    Royuela, L.4    Vicente, J.5
  • 24
    • 0344479132 scopus 로고
    • De verstrekking van injecteerbare opiaten: Doelstelling van het morfine-verstrekkingsexperiment
    • Derks JT.M. De verstrekking van injecteerbare opiaten: Doelstelling van het morfine-verstrekkingsexperiment. Tijdschr. Sociale Gezondheidszorg 1984, 12:496-498.
    • (1984) Tijdschr. Sociale Gezondheidszorg , vol.12 , pp. 496-498
    • Derks, J.T.M.1
  • 26
    • 0345341742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dispensing of injectable morphine in Amsterdam: experiences, results and implications for the Swiss project for the medical prescription of narcotics
    • Hogrefe and Huber, Seattle, WA, M. Rihs-Middel (Ed.)
    • Derks J.T.M. The dispensing of injectable morphine in Amsterdam: experiences, results and implications for the Swiss project for the medical prescription of narcotics. The Medical Prescription of Narcotics: Scientific Foundations and Practical Experiences 1997, Hogrefe and Huber, Seattle, WA. M. Rihs-Middel (Ed.).
    • (1997) The Medical Prescription of Narcotics: Scientific Foundations and Practical Experiences
    • Derks, J.T.M.1
  • 27
    • 77950681734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCL-90: Administration, Scoring and Procedures. Manual II. Clinical Psychometric Research, Towsen, MD.
    • Derogatis, L.R., SCL-90: Administration, Scoring and Procedures. Manual II. Clinical Psychometric Research, Towsen, MD.
    • Derogatis, L.R.1
  • 29
    • 85054727520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost utility analysis of co-prescribed heroin compared with methadone maintenance treatment in heroin addicts in two randomised trials
    • Dijkgraaf G.W., Van der Zanden B.P., De Borgie A.J.M., Blanken P., Van Ree J.M., Van den Brink W. Cost utility analysis of co-prescribed heroin compared with methadone maintenance treatment in heroin addicts in two randomised trials. Br. Med. J. 2005, 327:310.
    • (2005) Br. Med. J. , vol.327 , pp. 310
    • Dijkgraaf, G.W.1    Van der Zanden, B.P.2    De Borgie, A.J.M.3    Blanken, P.4    Van Ree, J.M.5    Van den Brink, W.6
  • 30
    • 27544457547 scopus 로고
    • A medical treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) addiction. A clinical trial with methadone hydrochloride
    • Dole V.P., Nyswander M. A medical treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) addiction. A clinical trial with methadone hydrochloride. JAMA 1965, 193:646-650.
    • (1965) JAMA , vol.193 , pp. 646-650
    • Dole, V.P.1    Nyswander, M.2
  • 35
    • 77950665912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMCDDA. Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (ISBN 978-92-9168-384-0).
    • EMCDDA, 2009a. Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (ISBN 978-92-9168-384-0).
    • (2009)
  • 36
    • 77950643944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMCDDA, 2009b. Statistical Bulletin, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
    • EMCDDA, 2009b. Statistical Bulletin 2009, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
    • (2009)
  • 37
    • 0028886465 scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of response and improvement in psychopharmacology: a statement from the ECNP. Report of Consensus Meeting
    • European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
    • European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Clinical relevance of response and improvement in psychopharmacology: a statement from the ECNP. Report of Consensus Meeting. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 1995, 5:531-533.
    • (1995) Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.5 , pp. 531-533
  • 38
    • 0010314860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Swiss heroin trials: testing alternative approaches
    • Farrell M., Hall W. The Swiss heroin trials: testing alternative approaches. Br. Med. J. 1998, 316:639.
    • (1998) Br. Med. J. , vol.316 , pp. 639
    • Farrell, M.1    Hall, W.2
  • 39
    • 84965656262 scopus 로고
    • Drug availability, life structure, and situational ethics of heroin addict
    • Faupel C.E. Drug availability, life structure, and situational ethics of heroin addict. Urban Life 1987, 15:395-419.
    • (1987) Urban Life , vol.15 , pp. 395-419
    • Faupel, C.E.1
  • 40
    • 29244436097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin maintenance treatment for chronic heroin dependent individuals: a Cochrane systematic review of effectiveness
    • Ferri M., Davoli M., Perucci C.A. Heroin maintenance treatment for chronic heroin dependent individuals: a Cochrane systematic review of effectiveness. J Subst. Abuse Treat. 2006, 30:63-72.
    • (2006) J Subst. Abuse Treat. , vol.30 , pp. 63-72
    • Ferri, M.1    Davoli, M.2    Perucci, C.A.3
  • 42
    • 33749527211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illicit opioid use and treatment for opioid dependence: challenges for Canada and beyond
    • Fischer B., Rehm J. Illicit opioid use and treatment for opioid dependence: challenges for Canada and beyond. Can. J. Psychiatry 2006, 51:621-623.
    • (2006) Can. J. Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 621-623
    • Fischer, B.1    Rehm, J.2
  • 44
    • 0037716743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot study to determine the effectiveness of diamorphine gel to control pressure ulcer pain
    • Flock P. Pilot study to determine the effectiveness of diamorphine gel to control pressure ulcer pain. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 2003, 25:547-554.
    • (2003) J. Pain Symptom Manage. , vol.25 , pp. 547-554
    • Flock, P.1
  • 45
    • 0042271142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic evaluation of the Swiss project on medically prescribed heroin substitution treatment
    • Frei A. Economic evaluation of the Swiss project on medically prescribed heroin substitution treatment. Psychiatr. Prax. 2001, 28:S41-S44.
    • (2001) Psychiatr. Prax. , vol.28
    • Frei, A.1
  • 46
    • 33749515805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective cohort study on orally administered heroin substitution for severely addicted opioid users
    • Frick U., Rehm J., Kovacic S., Ammann J., Uchtenhagen A. A prospective cohort study on orally administered heroin substitution for severely addicted opioid users. Addiction 2006, 101:1631-1639.
    • (2006) Addiction , vol.101 , pp. 1631-1639
    • Frick, U.1    Rehm, J.2    Kovacic, S.3    Ammann, J.4    Uchtenhagen, A.5
  • 47
    • 77950681527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GGD Amsterdam, GG&GD Amsterdam, Amsterdam
    • GGD Amsterdam Drugsproblematiek in Amsterdam 2007, GG&GD Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
    • (2007) Drugsproblematiek in Amsterdam
  • 49
    • 0027499789 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of heroin and its metabolites by isotope-dilution electron-impact mass spectrometry
    • Goldberger B.A., Darwin W.D., Grant T.M., Allen A.C., Caplan Y.H., Cone E.J. Measurement of heroin and its metabolites by isotope-dilution electron-impact mass spectrometry. Clin. Chem. 1993, 39:670-675.
    • (1993) Clin. Chem. , vol.39 , pp. 670-675
    • Goldberger, B.A.1    Darwin, W.D.2    Grant, T.M.3    Allen, A.C.4    Caplan, Y.H.5    Cone, E.J.6
  • 50
    • 0036787356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex
    • Goldstein R.Z., Volkow N.D. Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex. Am. J. Psychiatry 2002, 159:1642-1652.
    • (2002) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 1642-1652
    • Goldstein, R.Z.1    Volkow, N.D.2
  • 52
    • 0034057820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of patient-controlled epidural diamorphine, subcutaneous diamorphine and an epidural diamorphine/bupivacaine combination for postoperative pain
    • Gopinathan C., Sockalingham I., Fung M.A., Peat S., Hanna M.H. A comparative study of patient-controlled epidural diamorphine, subcutaneous diamorphine and an epidural diamorphine/bupivacaine combination for postoperative pain. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 2000, 17:189-196.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. , vol.17 , pp. 189-196
    • Gopinathan, C.1    Sockalingham, I.2    Fung, M.A.3    Peat, S.4    Hanna, M.H.5
  • 53
    • 0037229809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating long-term effects of heroin-assisted treatment: the results of a 6-year follow-up
    • Guttinger F., Gschwend P., Schulte B., Rehm J., Uchtenhagen A. Evaluating long-term effects of heroin-assisted treatment: the results of a 6-year follow-up. Eur. Addict. Res. 2003, 9:73-79.
    • (2003) Eur. Addict. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 73-79
    • Guttinger, F.1    Gschwend, P.2    Schulte, B.3    Rehm, J.4    Uchtenhagen, A.5
  • 55
    • 77951218275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is heroin-assisted treatment effective for patients with no previous maintenance treatment? Results form the German randomized controlled trial. Eur. Addict. Res. (in press).
    • Haasen, C., Vertheim, U., Eiroa-Orosa, F.J., Schäfer, I., Reimer, J., 2010. Is heroin-assisted treatment effective for patients with no previous maintenance treatment? Results form the German randomized controlled trial. Eur. Addict. Res. (in press).
    • (2010)
    • Haasen, C.1    Vertheim, U.2    Eiroa-Orosa, F.J.3    Schäfer, I.4    Reimer, J.5
  • 56
    • 56549116641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral diacetylmorphine (heroin) yields greater morphine bioavailability than oral morphine: bioavailability related to dosage and prior opioid exposure
    • Halbsguth U., Rentsch K.M., Eich-Hochli D., Diterich I., Fattinger K. Oral diacetylmorphine (heroin) yields greater morphine bioavailability than oral morphine: bioavailability related to dosage and prior opioid exposure. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2008, 66:781-791.
    • (2008) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.66 , pp. 781-791
    • Halbsguth, U.1    Rentsch, K.M.2    Eich-Hochli, D.3    Diterich, I.4    Fattinger, K.5
  • 57
    • 0034037263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled intranasal diamorphine for postoperative pain: an acceptability study
    • Hallett A., O'Higgins F., Francis V., Cook T.M. Patient-controlled intranasal diamorphine for postoperative pain: an acceptability study. Anaesthesia 2000, 55:532-539.
    • (2000) Anaesthesia , vol.55 , pp. 532-539
    • Hallett, A.1    O'Higgins, F.2    Francis, V.3    Cook, T.M.4
  • 58
    • 0032905902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intrathecal and epidural diamorphine for elective caesarean section using a combined spinal-epidural technique
    • Hallworth S.P., Fernando R., Bell R., Parry M.G., Lim G.H. Comparison of intrathecal and epidural diamorphine for elective caesarean section using a combined spinal-epidural technique. Br. J. Anaesth. 1999, 82:228-232.
    • (1999) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.82 , pp. 228-232
    • Hallworth, S.P.1    Fernando, R.2    Bell, R.3    Parry, M.G.4    Lim, G.H.5
  • 59
    • 0024207095 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of heroin use: What do we know?
    • Harding G. Patterns of heroin use: What do we know?. Br. J. Addict. 1988, 83:1247-1254.
    • (1988) Br. J. Addict. , vol.83 , pp. 1247-1254
    • Harding, G.1
  • 61
    • 0015813083 scopus 로고
    • Purity profiles for heroin, morphine, and morphine hydrochloride
    • Hays S.E., Grady L.T., Kruegel A.V. Purity profiles for heroin, morphine, and morphine hydrochloride. J. Pharm. Sci. 1973, 62:1509-1513.
    • (1973) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 1509-1513
    • Hays, S.E.1    Grady, L.T.2    Kruegel, A.V.3
  • 62
    • 0034952548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin self-administration by means of " chasing the dragon": Pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of inhaled heroin
    • Hendriks V.M., Van den Brink W., Blanken P., Bosman I.J., Van Ree J.M. Heroin self-administration by means of " chasing the dragon": Pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of inhaled heroin. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001, 11:241-252.
    • (2001) Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.11 , pp. 241-252
    • Hendriks, V.M.1    Van den Brink, W.2    Blanken, P.3    Bosman, I.J.4    Van Ree, J.M.5
  • 63
    • 0034711761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chasing the dragon - neurological toxicity associated with inhalation of heroin vapour: case report
    • Hill M.D., Cooper P.W., Perry J.R. Chasing the dragon - neurological toxicity associated with inhalation of heroin vapour: case report. CMAJ 2000, 162:236-238.
    • (2000) CMAJ , vol.162 , pp. 236-238
    • Hill, M.D.1    Cooper, P.W.2    Perry, J.R.3
  • 64
    • 0344479130 scopus 로고
    • Verslaving, verslavingszorg en verslavingsbeleid in Nederland: een overzicht
    • NcGx, Utrecht, J. Derks, M. Hoekstra (Eds.)
    • Hoekstra M.J., Derks J. Verslaving, verslavingszorg en verslavingsbeleid in Nederland: een overzicht. Verslavingszorg, een vak apart 1991, NcGx, Utrecht. J. Derks, M. Hoekstra (Eds.).
    • (1991) Verslavingszorg, een vak apart
    • Hoekstra, M.J.1    Derks, J.2
  • 67
    • 0023634991 scopus 로고
    • Analytical studies on illicit heroin. V. Efficacy Heroin-assisted treatment in the Netherlands: History, findings, and international context of volatilization during heroin smoking
    • Huizer H. Analytical studies on illicit heroin. V. Efficacy Heroin-assisted treatment in the Netherlands: History, findings, and international context of volatilization during heroin smoking. Pharm Weekbl Sci 1987, 9:203-211.
    • (1987) Pharm Weekbl Sci , vol.9 , pp. 203-211
    • Huizer, H.1
  • 68
    • 0004129335 scopus 로고
    • Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, NY
    • Hull C.L. Principles of Behavior 1943, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, NY.
    • (1943) Principles of Behavior
    • Hull, C.L.1
  • 70
    • 0021078665 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from opiate binding studies that heroin acts through its metabolites
    • Inturrisi C.E., Schultz M., Shin S., Umans J.G., Angel L., Simon E.J. Evidence from opiate binding studies that heroin acts through its metabolites. Life Sci. 1983, 33(Suppl. 1):773-776.
    • (1983) Life Sci. , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 773-776
    • Inturrisi, C.E.1    Schultz, M.2    Shin, S.3    Umans, J.G.4    Angel, L.5    Simon, E.J.6
  • 71
    • 0020406549 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of long-term outcome for heroin addicts admitted to a methadone maintenance program
    • Judson B.A., Goldstein A. Prediction of long-term outcome for heroin addicts admitted to a methadone maintenance program. Drug Alcohol Depend 1982, 10:383-391.
    • (1982) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.10 , pp. 383-391
    • Judson, B.A.1    Goldstein, A.2
  • 72
    • 0022530271 scopus 로고
    • Impurities, adulterants and diluents of illicit heroin in Denmark (Jutland and Funen)
    • Kaa E., Bent K. Impurities, adulterants and diluents of illicit heroin in Denmark (Jutland and Funen). Forensic Sci. Int. 1986, 31:195-210.
    • (1986) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.31 , pp. 195-210
    • Kaa, E.1    Bent, K.2
  • 73
    • 33746767682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why we object to NAOMI. Heroin maintenance in Canada
    • Kahan M., Srivastava A., Shen K. Why we object to NAOMI. Heroin maintenance in Canada. Can. Fam. Physician 2006, 52:709-711.
    • (2006) Can. Fam. Physician , vol.52 , pp. 709-711
    • Kahan, M.1    Srivastava, A.2    Shen, K.3
  • 75
    • 0038383783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal diamorphine as an alternative to intramuscular morphine: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects
    • Kendall J.M., Latter V.S. Intranasal diamorphine as an alternative to intramuscular morphine: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 2003, 42:501-513.
    • (2003) Clin. Pharmacokinet. , vol.42 , pp. 501-513
    • Kendall, J.M.1    Latter, V.S.2
  • 76
    • 0035798840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre randomised controlled trial of nasal diamorphine for analgesia in children and teenagers with clinical fractures
    • Kendall J.M., Reeves B.C., Latter V.S. Multicentre randomised controlled trial of nasal diamorphine for analgesia in children and teenagers with clinical fractures. BMJ 2001, 322:261-265.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 261-265
    • Kendall, J.M.1    Reeves, B.C.2    Latter, V.S.3
  • 77
    • 77950667363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of diacetylmorphine preparations for prescription to opioid dependent patients. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht (ISBN: 90-393-3836-1).
    • Klous, M.G., 2004a. Development of diacetylmorphine preparations for prescription to opioid dependent patients. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht (ISBN: 90-393-3836-1).
    • (2004)
    • Klous, M.G.1
  • 78
    • 26644472180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical heroin for inhalation: Thermal analysis and recovery experiments after volatilisation
    • Klous M.G., Bronner G.M., Nuijen B., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Pharmaceutical heroin for inhalation: Thermal analysis and recovery experiments after volatilisation. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2005, 39:944-950.
    • (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.39 , pp. 944-950
    • Klous, M.G.1    Bronner, G.M.2    Nuijen, B.3    Van Ree, J.M.4    Beijnen, J.H.5
  • 79
    • 33646166558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of diacetylmorphine, caffeine and degradation products after volatilisation of pharmaceutical heroin for inhalation
    • Klous M.G., Lee W.C., Hillebrand M.J.X., Van den Brink W., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Analysis of diacetylmorphine, caffeine and degradation products after volatilisation of pharmaceutical heroin for inhalation. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2006, 30:6-13.
    • (2006) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 6-13
    • Klous, M.G.1    Lee, W.C.2    Hillebrand, M.J.X.3    Van den Brink, W.4    Van Ree, J.M.5    Beijnen, J.H.6
  • 80
    • 33646583179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volatilisation of diacetylmorphine: in vitro simulation of " chasing the dragon"
    • Klous M.G., Lee W.C., Van den Brink W., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Volatilisation of diacetylmorphine: in vitro simulation of " chasing the dragon" Pharmazie 2006, 61:438-445.
    • (2006) Pharmazie , vol.61 , pp. 438-445
    • Klous, M.G.1    Lee, W.C.2    Van den Brink, W.3    Van Ree, J.M.4    Beijnen, J.H.5
  • 81
    • 4744349603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and manufacture of diacetylmorphine/caffeine sachets for inhalation via 'chasing the dragon' by heroin addicts
    • Klous M.G., Nuijen B., Van den Brink W., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Development and manufacture of diacetylmorphine/caffeine sachets for inhalation via 'chasing the dragon' by heroin addicts. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2004, 30:775-784.
    • (2004) Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. , vol.30 , pp. 775-784
    • Klous, M.G.1    Nuijen, B.2    Van den Brink, W.3    Van Ree, J.M.4    Beijnen, J.H.5
  • 83
    • 5444234336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process characterisation, optimisation and validation of production of diacetylmorphine/caffeine sachets: a design of experiments approach
    • Klous M.G., Nuijen B., Van den Brink W., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Process characterisation, optimisation and validation of production of diacetylmorphine/caffeine sachets: a design of experiments approach. Int. J. Pharm. 2004, 285:65-75.
    • (2004) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.285 , pp. 65-75
    • Klous, M.G.1    Nuijen, B.2    Van den Brink, W.3    Van Ree, J.M.4    Beijnen, J.H.5
  • 84
  • 85
    • 27844582916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of pharmaceutical heroin preparations for medical co-prescription to opioid dependent patients
    • Klous M.G., Van den Brink W., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Development of pharmaceutical heroin preparations for medical co-prescription to opioid dependent patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005, 80:283-295.
    • (2005) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.80 , pp. 283-295
    • Klous, M.G.1    Van den Brink, W.2    Van Ree, J.M.3    Beijnen, J.H.4
  • 86
    • 0000262577 scopus 로고
    • EuropASI: European adaptation of a multidimensional assessment instrument for drug and alcohol dependence
    • Kokkevi A., Hartgers C. EuropASI: European adaptation of a multidimensional assessment instrument for drug and alcohol dependence. Eur. Addict. Res. 1995, 1:208-210.
    • (1995) Eur. Addict. Res. , vol.1 , pp. 208-210
    • Kokkevi, A.1    Hartgers, C.2
  • 87
    • 77950650620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geïntegreerde cognitivie gedragstherapie [Integrated cognitive behavioural therapy]. Coutinho, Muiderberg.
    • Korrelboom, K., Ten Broek, E., 2004. Geïntegreerde cognitivie gedragstherapie [Integrated cognitive behavioural therapy]. Coutinho, Muiderberg.
    • (2004)
    • Korrelboom, K.1    Ten Broek, E.2
  • 88
    • 0000262577 scopus 로고
    • EuropASI: European adaptation of a multidimensional assessment instrument for drug and alcohol dependence
    • Kokkevi A., Hartgers C. EuropASI: European adaptation of a multidimensional assessment instrument for drug and alcohol dependence. Eur. Addict. Res. 1995, 1:208-210.
    • (1995) Eur. Addict. Res. , vol.1 , pp. 208-210
    • Kokkevi, A.1    Hartgers, C.2
  • 91
    • 0033930933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methadone-related opioid agonist pharma-cotherapy for heroin addiction. History, recent molecular and neurochemical research and future in mainstream medicine
    • Kreek M.J. Methadone-related opioid agonist pharma-cotherapy for heroin addiction. History, recent molecular and neurochemical research and future in mainstream medicine. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2000, 909:186-216.
    • (2000) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.909 , pp. 186-216
    • Kreek, M.J.1
  • 92
    • 34848829185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remission of alcohol dependency following deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: valuable therapeutic implications?
    • Kuhn J., Lenartz D., Huff W., Lee S., Koulousakis A., Klosterkoetter J., Sturm V. Remission of alcohol dependency following deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: valuable therapeutic implications?. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2007, 78:1152-1153.
    • (2007) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.78 , pp. 1152-1153
    • Kuhn, J.1    Lenartz, D.2    Huff, W.3    Lee, S.4    Koulousakis, A.5    Klosterkoetter, J.6    Sturm, V.7
  • 94
    • 0030816449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters
    • Leshner A.I. Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters. Science 1997, 278:45-47.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 45-47
    • Leshner, A.I.1
  • 95
    • 33750271327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodology for the Randomised Injecting Opioid Treatment Trial (RIOTT): evaluating injectable methadone and injectable heroin treatment versus optimised oral methadone treatment in the UK
    • Lintzeris N., Strang J., Metrebian N., Byford S., Hallam C., Lee S., Zador D. Methodology for the Randomised Injecting Opioid Treatment Trial (RIOTT): evaluating injectable methadone and injectable heroin treatment versus optimised oral methadone treatment in the UK. Harm Reduct. J. 2006, 3:28.
    • (2006) Harm Reduct. J. , vol.3 , pp. 28
    • Lintzeris, N.1    Strang, J.2    Metrebian, N.3    Byford, S.4    Hallam, C.5    Lee, S.6    Zador, D.7
  • 97
    • 0031963423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-and in-treatment predictors of retention in methadone treatment using survival analysis
    • Magura S., Nwakeze P.C., Demsky S.Y. Pre-and in-treatment predictors of retention in methadone treatment using survival analysis. Addiction 1998, 93:51-60.
    • (1998) Addiction , vol.93 , pp. 51-60
    • Magura, S.1    Nwakeze, P.C.2    Demsky, S.Y.3
  • 98
    • 77249170232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation and weight loss after chronic deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: therapeutic and research implications: case report
    • Mantione M., Van den Brink W., Schuurman P.R., Denys D. Smoking cessation and weight loss after chronic deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: therapeutic and research implications: case report. Neurosurgery 2010, 66:E218.
    • (2010) Neurosurgery , vol.66
    • Mantione, M.1    Van den Brink, W.2    Schuurman, P.R.3    Denys, D.4
  • 101
    • 0031765442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Maudsley addiction profile (MAP): a brief instrument for assessing treatment outcome
    • Marsden J., Gossop M., Stewart D., Best D., Farrell M., Lehmann P., et al. The Maudsley addiction profile (MAP): a brief instrument for assessing treatment outcome. Addiction 1998, 93:1857-1867.
    • (1998) Addiction , vol.93 , pp. 1857-1867
    • Marsden, J.1    Gossop, M.2    Stewart, D.3    Best, D.4    Farrell, M.5    Lehmann, P.6
  • 102
    • 77950647400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, Electronic version. Pharmaceutical Press, London.
    • Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, Electronic version. 2009. Pharmaceutical Press, London.
    • (2009)
  • 103
    • 0023793392 scopus 로고
    • Inhaled nebulised morphine and diamorphine: useful in general practice?
    • Masters N., Heap G., Wedly J., Moore A. Inhaled nebulised morphine and diamorphine: useful in general practice?. Practitioner 1988, 232:910-914.
    • (1988) Practitioner , vol.232 , pp. 910-914
    • Masters, N.1    Heap, G.2    Wedly, J.3    Moore, A.4
  • 104
    • 0030291960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribing drug of choice to illicit heroin users: the experience of a U.K. community drug team
    • McCusker C., Davies M. Prescribing drug of choice to illicit heroin users: the experience of a U.K. community drug team. J. Subst. Abuse Treat. 1996, 13:521-531.
    • (1996) J. Subst. Abuse Treat. , vol.13 , pp. 521-531
    • McCusker, C.1    Davies, M.2
  • 105
  • 106
    • 77950674700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB), Public Assessment Report: Diacetylmorfine 75/100/150/200 mg, poeder voor inhalatiedamp en Diacetylmorfine HCl 3 gram, poeder voor oplossing voor injectie, RVG 33463, 33464, 33465, 33466, 33467 edn. Medicines Evaluation Board, Den Haag.
    • Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB), 2006. Public Assessment Report: Diacetylmorfine 75/100/150/200 mg, poeder voor inhalatiedamp en Diacetylmorfine HCl 3 gram, poeder voor oplossing voor injectie, RVG 33463, 33464, 33465, 33466, 33467 edn. Medicines Evaluation Board, Den Haag.
    • (2006)
  • 107
    • 77950639013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicines Evaluation Board, Public Assessment Report " Diacetylmorphine and Diacetylmorphine HCl" MEB, The Hague.
    • Medicines Evaluation Board, 2007, Public Assessment Report " Diacetylmorphine and Diacetylmorphine HCl" MEB, The Hague. http://db.cbg-meb.nl/Pars/h33463.
    • (2007)
  • 108
    • 77950661871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHRA, Public Assessment Report: Diamorphine hydrochloride BP 100 mg and 500 mg lyophilisate for solution for injection, PL 30956/0001-2 edn. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London.
    • MHRA, 2008. Public Assessment Report: Diamorphine hydrochloride BP 100 mg and 500 mg lyophilisate for solution for injection, PL 30956/0001-2 edn. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London.
    • (2008)
  • 109
    • 0032526654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of prescribing injectable heroin and methadone to opiate-dependent drug users: associated health gains and harm reductions
    • Metrebian N., Shanahan W., Wells B., Stimson G.V. Feasibility of prescribing injectable heroin and methadone to opiate-dependent drug users: associated health gains and harm reductions. Med. J. Aust. 1998, 168:596-600.
    • (1998) Med. J. Aust. , vol.168 , pp. 596-600
    • Metrebian, N.1    Shanahan, W.2    Wells, B.3    Stimson, G.V.4
  • 110
    • 0036732401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of doctors prescribing diamorphine (heroin) to opiate-dependent drug users in the United Kingdom
    • Metrebian N., Carnwath T., Stimson G.V., Storz T. Survey of doctors prescribing diamorphine (heroin) to opiate-dependent drug users in the United Kingdom. Addiction 2002, 97:1155-1161.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 1155-1161
    • Metrebian, N.1    Carnwath, T.2    Stimson, G.V.3    Storz, T.4
  • 112
    • 0005385244 scopus 로고
    • Drug clinics in the 1970s
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, J. Strang, M. Gossop (Eds.)
    • Mitcheson M. Drug clinics in the 1970s. Heroin Addiction and Drug Policy: The British System 1994, Oxford University Press, Oxford. J. Strang, M. Gossop (Eds.).
    • (1994) Heroin Addiction and Drug Policy: The British System
    • Mitcheson, M.1
  • 113
    • 0030296251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivational interviewing: research, practice, and puzzles
    • Miller W.R. Motivational interviewing: research, practice, and puzzles. Addict. Behav. 1996, 21:835-842.
    • (1996) Addict. Behav. , vol.21 , pp. 835-842
    • Miller, W.R.1
  • 114
    • 70349428558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of motivational interviewing
    • Miller W.R., Rose G.S. Toward a theory of motivational interviewing. Am. Psychol. 2009, 64:527-537.
    • (2009) Am. Psychol. , vol.64 , pp. 527-537
    • Miller, W.R.1    Rose, G.S.2
  • 115
    • 0013962681 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of inhalation as a mode of administration of heroin by addicts
    • Mo B.P., Way E.L. An assessment of inhalation as a mode of administration of heroin by addicts. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1966, 154:142-151.
    • (1966) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.154 , pp. 142-151
    • Mo, B.P.1    Way, E.L.2
  • 117
    • 0024395121 scopus 로고
    • The rational use of intrathecal and extradural opioids
    • Morgan M. The rational use of intrathecal and extradural opioids. Br. J. Anaesth 1989, 63:165-188.
    • (1989) Br. J. Anaesth , vol.63 , pp. 165-188
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 118
    • 77950681525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Drug Monitor, Trimbos Instituut, Utrecht
    • National Drug Monitor Drug situation 2006 2007, 185. Trimbos Instituut, Utrecht.
    • (2007) Drug situation 2006 , pp. 185
  • 119
    • 77950641000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nationale Drug Monitor, Jaarbericht 2001 [Annual Report 2001]. Trimbos Instituut, Utrecht.
    • Nationale Drug Monitor, 2001. Jaarbericht 2001 [Annual Report 2001]. Trimbos Instituut, Utrecht.
    • (2001)
  • 120
    • 77950681198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nationale Drug Monitor, Jaarbericht 2007 [Annual Report 2007]. Trimbos Instituut, Utrecht. Netherlands Health Council: Committee on Pharmacological Interventions in Heroin Addicts (1995). The presciption of heroin to heroin addicts. Netherlands Health Council, The Hague (publication no. 1995/12E).
    • Nationale Drug Monitor, 2008. Jaarbericht 2007 [Annual Report 2007]. Trimbos Instituut, Utrecht. Netherlands Health Council: Committee on Pharmacological Interventions in Heroin Addicts (1995). The presciption of heroin to heroin addicts. Netherlands Health Council, The Hague (publication no. 1995/12E).
    • (2008)
  • 121
    • 70350191994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroplasticity in addictive disorders
    • O'Brien C.P. Neuroplasticity in addictive disorders. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 2009, 11:350-353.
    • (2009) Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 350-353
    • O'Brien, C.P.1
  • 122
    • 0035088365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and syringe drivers: a survey of adult specialist palliative care practice in the United Kingdom and Eire
    • O'Doherty C.A., Hall E.J., Schofield L., Zeppetella G. Drugs and syringe drivers: a survey of adult specialist palliative care practice in the United Kingdom and Eire. Palliat. Med. 2001, 15:149-154.
    • (2001) Palliat. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 149-154
    • O'Doherty, C.A.1    Hall, E.J.2    Schofield, L.3    Zeppetella, G.4
  • 123
    • 0003948891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)
    • Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) National drug control strategy http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov.
    • National drug control strategy
  • 124
    • 0015484902 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier: penetration of morphine, codeine, heroin, and methadone after carotid injection
    • Oldendorf W.H., Hyman S., Braun L., Oldendorf S.Z. Blood-brain barrier: penetration of morphine, codeine, heroin, and methadone after carotid injection. Science 1972, 178:984-986.
    • (1972) Science , vol.178 , pp. 984-986
    • Oldendorf, W.H.1    Hyman, S.2    Braun, L.3    Oldendorf, S.Z.4
  • 126
    • 18844367150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-treatment matching with anti-craving medications in alcohol-dependent patients: A review on phenotypic, endophenotypic and genetic indicators
    • Ooteman W., Verheul R., Naassila M.l., Daoust M., Schippers G.M., Koeter M.W.J., Van den Brink W. Patient-treatment matching with anti-craving medications in alcohol-dependent patients: A review on phenotypic, endophenotypic and genetic indicators. J. Subst. Use 2005, 10:75-96.
    • (2005) J. Subst. Use , vol.10 , pp. 75-96
    • Ooteman, W.1    Verheul, R.2    Naassila, M.3    Daoust, M.4    Schippers, G.M.5    Koeter, M.W.J.6    Van den Brink, W.7
  • 129
    • 67649373020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific and political challenges in North America's first randomized controlled trial of heroin-assisted treatment for severe heroin addiction: rationale and design of the NAOMI study
    • Oviedo-Joekes E., Nosyk B., Marsh D.C., Guh D., Brissette S., Gartry C., Krausz M., Anis A., Schechter M.T. Scientific and political challenges in North America's first randomized controlled trial of heroin-assisted treatment for severe heroin addiction: rationale and design of the NAOMI study. Clin. Trials 2009, 6:261-271.
    • (2009) Clin. Trials , vol.6 , pp. 261-271
    • Oviedo-Joekes, E.1    Nosyk, B.2    Marsh, D.C.3    Guh, D.4    Brissette, S.5    Gartry, C.6    Krausz, M.7    Anis, A.8    Schechter, M.T.9
  • 130
    • 0038332580 scopus 로고
    • Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Rockville, MD
    • Parrino M.W. State Methadone Maintenance Treatment Guidelines 1992, Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Rockville, MD.
    • (1992) State Methadone Maintenance Treatment Guidelines
    • Parrino, M.W.1
  • 131
    • 70049083780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of prescribed injectable diacetylmorphine in the Andalusian trial: Bayesian analysis of responders and non-responders according to a multi domain outcome index
    • Perea-Milla E., Ayçaguer L.C., Cerdà J.C., Saiz F.G., Rivas-Ruiz F., Danet A., Vallecillo M.R., Oviedo-Joekes E. Efficacy of prescribed injectable diacetylmorphine in the Andalusian trial: Bayesian analysis of responders and non-responders according to a multi domain outcome index. Trials 2009, 10:70.
    • (2009) Trials , vol.10 , pp. 70
    • Perea-Milla, E.1    Ayçaguer, L.C.2    Cerdà, J.C.3    Saiz, F.G.4    Rivas-Ruiz, F.5    Danet, A.6    Vallecillo, M.R.7    Oviedo-Joekes, E.8
  • 132
    • 59349102493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral heroin in opioid-dependent patients: pharmacokinetic comparison of immediate and extended release tablets
    • Perger L., Rentsch K.M., Kullak-Ublick G.A., Verotta D., Fattinger K. Oral heroin in opioid-dependent patients: pharmacokinetic comparison of immediate and extended release tablets. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2009, 36:421-432.
    • (2009) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 421-432
    • Perger, L.1    Rentsch, K.M.2    Kullak-Ublick, G.A.3    Verotta, D.4    Fattinger, K.5
  • 133
    • 0032482735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of heroin maintenance programme for addicts who fail in conventional drug treatments
    • Perneger T.V., Giner F., Del Rio M., Mino A. Randomised trial of heroin maintenance programme for addicts who fail in conventional drug treatments. BMJ 1998, 317:8-13.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 8-13
    • Perneger, T.V.1    Giner, F.2    Del Rio, M.3    Mino, A.4
  • 135
    • 0019305587 scopus 로고
    • Stability of Brompton mixtures: determination of heroin (diacetylmorphine) and cocaine in presence of their hydrolysis products
    • Poochikian G.K., Cradock J.C. Stability of Brompton mixtures: determination of heroin (diacetylmorphine) and cocaine in presence of their hydrolysis products. J. Pharm. Sci. 1980, 69:637-639.
    • (1980) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 637-639
    • Poochikian, G.K.1    Cradock, J.C.2
  • 136
    • 8044253999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes
    • Project MATCH Research Group
    • Project MATCH Research Group Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes. J. Stud. Alcohol 1997, 58:7-29.
    • (1997) J. Stud. Alcohol , vol.58 , pp. 7-29
  • 137
    • 0035960426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of injectable heroin prescription for refractory opioid addicts: a follow-up study
    • Rehm J., Gschwend P., Steffen T., Gutzwiller F., Dobbler-Mikola A., Uchtenhagen A. Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of injectable heroin prescription for refractory opioid addicts: a follow-up study. Lancet 2001, 358:1417-1420.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1417-1420
    • Rehm, J.1    Gschwend, P.2    Steffen, T.3    Gutzwiller, F.4    Dobbler-Mikola, A.5    Uchtenhagen, A.6
  • 138
    • 36349004609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15 years of research on prescribed heroin: How do the results of the German heroin trial fit into the puzzle of the Swiss and Dutch results?
    • Rehm J., Van den Brink W. 15 years of research on prescribed heroin: How do the results of the German heroin trial fit into the puzzle of the Swiss and Dutch results?. Sucht 2007, 53:262-264.
    • (2007) Sucht , vol.53 , pp. 262-264
    • Rehm, J.1    Van den Brink, W.2
  • 141
    • 77950654508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diacetylmorphine in opioid dependent patients. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht (ISBN: 90-6464-7992).
    • Rook, E.J. (2004) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diacetylmorphine in opioid dependent patients. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht (ISBN: 90-6464-7992).
    • (2004)
    • Rook, E.J.1
  • 144
    • 33750523648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cell mediator tryptase levels after inhalation or intravenous administration of high doses of pharma-ceutically prepared heroin
    • Rook E.J., Van Zanten A.P., Van den Brink W., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Mast cell mediator tryptase levels after inhalation or intravenous administration of high doses of pharma-ceutically prepared heroin. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006, 85:185-190.
    • (2006) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.85 , pp. 185-190
    • Rook, E.J.1    Van Zanten, A.P.2    Van den Brink, W.3    Van Ree, J.M.4    Beijnen, J.H.5
  • 145
    • 33747666825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for illicit heroin Heroin-assisted treatment in the Netherlands: History, findings, and international context use in patients in a heroin-assisted treatment program
    • Rook E.J., Huitema A.D., Vanden Brink W., Hillebrand M.J., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Screening for illicit heroin Heroin-assisted treatment in the Netherlands: History, findings, and international context use in patients in a heroin-assisted treatment program. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2006, 30:390-394.
    • (2006) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 390-394
    • Rook, E.J.1    Huitema, A.D.2    Vanden, B.W.3    Hillebrand, M.J.4    Van Ree, J.M.5    Beijnen, J.H.6
  • 146
    • 33645509739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic variability of heroin and its metabolites: review of the literature
    • Rook E.J., Huitema A.D., Van den Brink W., Van Ree J.M., Beijnen J.H. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic variability of heroin and its metabolites: review of the literature. Curr. Clin. Pharmacol. 2006, 1:109-118.
    • (2006) Curr. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.1 , pp. 109-118
    • Rook, E.J.1    Huitema, A.D.2    Van den Brink, W.3    Van Ree, J.M.4    Beijnen, J.H.5
  • 147
    • 0032770793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human erythrocyte but not brain acetylcholinesterase hydrolyses heroin to morphine
    • Salmon A.Y., Goren Z., Avissar Y., Soreq H. Human erythrocyte but not brain acetylcholinesterase hydrolyses heroin to morphine. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1999, 26:596-600.
    • (1999) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. , vol.26 , pp. 596-600
    • Salmon, A.Y.1    Goren, Z.2    Avissar, Y.3    Soreq, H.4
  • 148
    • 0036839971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paediatric regional anaesthesia, a survey of practice in the United Kingdom
    • Sanders J.C. Paediatric regional anaesthesia, a survey of practice in the United Kingdom. Br. J. Anaesth. 2002, 89:707-710.
    • (2002) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.89 , pp. 707-710
    • Sanders, J.C.1
  • 149
    • 0036271118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NAOMI - her time has come. North American Opiate Medication Initiative
    • Schechter MT. NAOMI - her time has come. North American Opiate Medication Initiative. J. Urban Health 2002, 79:164-165.
    • (2002) J. Urban Health , vol.79 , pp. 164-165
    • Schechter, M.T.1
  • 151
    • 77950640547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verkenning drugsbeleid in Nederland: feiten, opinies en scenario's. STG, Zoetermeer.
    • Schreuder, R.F, and Broex, V.M.F., 1998. Verkenning drugsbeleid in Nederland: feiten, opinies en scenario's. STG, Zoetermeer.
    • (1998)
    • Schreuder, R.F.1    Broex, V.M.F.2
  • 153
    • 0035882744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mu opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation by heroin metabolites: evidence for greater efficacy of 6-monoacetylmorphine compared with morphine
    • Selley D.E., Cao C.C., Sexton T., Schwegel J.A., Martin T.J., Childers S.R. Mu opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation by heroin metabolites: evidence for greater efficacy of 6-monoacetylmorphine compared with morphine. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2001, 62:447-455.
    • (2001) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.62 , pp. 447-455
    • Selley, D.E.1    Cao, C.C.2    Sexton, T.3    Schwegel, J.A.4    Martin, T.J.5    Childers, S.R.6
  • 155
    • 0032556425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discovery of heroin
    • Sneader W. The discovery of heroin. Lancet 1998, 352:1697-1699.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1697-1699
    • Sneader, W.1
  • 157
    • 34648816980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illusory predictors: Generalizability of findings in cocaine treatment retention research
    • Stotts A.L., Mooney M.E., Sayre S.L., Novy M., Schmitz J.M., Grabowski J. Illusory predictors: Generalizability of findings in cocaine treatment retention research. Addict. Behav. 2007, 32:2819-2836.
    • (2007) Addict. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 2819-2836
    • Stotts, A.L.1    Mooney, M.E.2    Sayre, S.L.3    Novy, M.4    Schmitz, J.M.5    Grabowski, J.6
  • 159
    • 0031314829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin in the UK: Different forms, different origins, and the relationship to different routes of administration
    • Strang J., Griffiths P., Gossop M. Heroin in the UK: Different forms, different origins, and the relationship to different routes of administration. Drug Alcohol Rev. 1997, 16:329-337.
    • (1997) Drug Alcohol Rev. , vol.16 , pp. 329-337
    • Strang, J.1    Griffiths, P.2    Gossop, M.3
  • 160
    • 0033664173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of supervised injectable versus oral methadone maintenance: report of feasibility and 6-month outcome
    • Strang J., Marsden J., Cummins M., Farrell M., Finch E., Gossop M., Stewart D., Welch S. Randomized trial of supervised injectable versus oral methadone maintenance: report of feasibility and 6-month outcome. Addiction 2000, 95:1631-1645.
    • (2000) Addiction , vol.95 , pp. 1631-1645
    • Strang, J.1    Marsden, J.2    Cummins, M.3    Farrell, M.4    Finch, E.5    Gossop, M.6    Stewart, D.7    Welch, S.8
  • 161
    • 77950668235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin on trial: the RIOTT randomised trial of supervised injectable heroin and injectable methadone as treatment for chronic heroin addicts persistently failing in orthodox treatment. Lancet (in press).
    • Strang, J., Metrebian, N., Lintzeris, N., Potts, L., Carnwath, T., Mayet, S., Williams, H., Zador, D., Evers, R., Groshkova, T., Charles, V., Martin, A., Forzisi, L., 2010. Heroin on trial: the RIOTT randomised trial of supervised injectable heroin and injectable methadone as treatment for chronic heroin addicts persistently failing in orthodox treatment. Lancet (in press).
    • (2010)
    • Strang, J.1    Metrebian, N.2    Lintzeris, N.3    Potts, L.4    Carnwath, T.5    Mayet, S.6    Williams, H.7    Zador, D.8    Evers, R.9    Groshkova, T.10    Charles, V.11    Martin, A.12    Forzisi, L.13
  • 162
    • 77950649381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Merck Index, 12th edn. 1996. Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
    • The Merck Index, 12th edn. Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
    • (1996)
  • 163
    • 77149162998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political challenges in randomized controlled trials of heroin-assisted treatment for severe heroin addiction: a Spanish experience
    • Trujols J., Iraurgi I. Political challenges in randomized controlled trials of heroin-assisted treatment for severe heroin addiction: a Spanish experience. Clin. Trials 2009, 6:658-659.
    • (2009) Clin. Trials , vol.6 , pp. 658-659
    • Trujols, J.1    Iraurgi, I.2
  • 164
    • 0027991048 scopus 로고
    • Diversified prescription of narcotics to heroin addicts. Basis, design, research plan
    • Uchtenhagen A. Diversified prescription of narcotics to heroin addicts. Basis, design, research plan. Schweiz Rundsch. Med. Prax. 1994, 83:931-936.
    • (1994) Schweiz Rundsch. Med. Prax. , vol.83 , pp. 931-936
    • Uchtenhagen, A.1
  • 168
    • 0003511124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription of Narcotics for Heroin Addicts: Main Results of the Swiss National Cohort Study. Medical Prescription of Narcotics, Karger, Basel.
    • Uchtenhagen, A., Dobler-Mikola, A., Steffen, T., Gutzwiller, F., Blattler, R., Pfeiffer, S., 1999. Prescription of Narcotics for Heroin Addicts: Main Results of the Swiss National Cohort Study. Medical Prescription of Narcotics, Vol. 1. Karger, Basel.
    • (1999) , vol.1
    • Uchtenhagen, A.1    Dobler-Mikola, A.2    Steffen, T.3    Gutzwiller, F.4    Blattler, R.5    Pfeiffer, S.6
  • 169
    • 77950632726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin-assisted treatment in Switzerland: a case study in policy change. Addiction November 17 [Epub ahead of print].
    • Uchtenhagen, A., 2009. Heroin-assisted treatment in Switzerland: a case study in policy change. Addiction November 17 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2009)
    • Uchtenhagen, A.1
  • 173
    • 0032709389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical co-prescription of heroin to chronic, treatment-resistant methadone patients in the Netherlands
    • Van den Brink W., Hendriks V.M., Van Ree J.M. Medical co-prescription of heroin to chronic, treatment-resistant methadone patients in the Netherlands. J. Drug Issues 1999, 29(3):587-608.
    • (1999) J. Drug Issues , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 587-608
    • Van den Brink, W.1    Hendriks, V.M.2    Van Ree, J.M.3
  • 175
    • 33749517855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based treatment of opioid-dependent patients
    • Van den Brink W., Haasen C. Evidence-based treatment of opioid-dependent patients. Can. J. Psychiatry 2006, 51:635-646.
    • (2006) Can. J. Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 635-646
    • Van den Brink, W.1    Haasen, C.2
  • 176
    • 72449167104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heroin assisted treatment
    • Van den Brink W. Heroin assisted treatment. BMJ 2009, 339:b4545.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.339
    • Van den Brink, W.1
  • 180
    • 33750689207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of acquisitive crime during methadone maintenance treatment among patients eligible for heroin assisted treatment
    • Van der Zanden B.P., Dijkgraaf M.G., Blanken P., Van Ree J.M., Van den Brink W. Patterns of acquisitive crime during methadone maintenance treatment among patients eligible for heroin assisted treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007, 86:84-90.
    • (2007) Drug Alcohol Depend. , vol.86 , pp. 84-90
    • Van der Zanden, B.P.1    Dijkgraaf, M.G.2    Blanken, P.3    Van Ree, J.M.4    Van den Brink, W.5
  • 183
    • 0033046930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioids, reward and addiction: An encounter of biology, psychology, and medicine
    • Van Ree J.M., Gerrits M.A., Vanderschuren L.J. Opioids, reward and addiction: An encounter of biology, psychology, and medicine. Pharmacoll Rev. 1999, 51:341-396.
    • (1999) Pharmacoll Rev. , vol.51 , pp. 341-396
    • Van Ree, J.M.1    Gerrits, M.A.2    Vanderschuren, L.J.3
  • 185
    • 0036159883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of patient-controlled analgesia administered by the intravenous or intranasal route during the early postoperative period
    • Ward M., Minto G., Alexander-Williams J.M. A comparison of patient-controlled analgesia administered by the intravenous or intranasal route during the early postoperative period. Anaesthesia 2002, 57:48-52.
    • (2002) Anaesthesia , vol.57 , pp. 48-52
    • Ward, M.1    Minto, G.2    Alexander-Williams, J.M.3
  • 187
    • 0030937412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal diamorphine for paediatric analgesia: assessment of safety and efficacy
    • Wilson J.A., Kendall J.M., Cornelius P. Intranasal diamorphine for paediatric analgesia: assessment of safety and efficacy. J. Accid. Emerg. Med. 1997, 14:70-72.
    • (1997) J. Accid. Emerg. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 70-72
    • Wilson, J.A.1    Kendall, J.M.2    Cornelius, P.3
  • 189
    • 0030722245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public health and politics: the demise of the ACT heroin trial
    • Wodak A. Public health and politics: the demise of the ACT heroin trial. Med. J. Aust. 1997, 167:348-349.
    • (1997) Med. J. Aust. , vol.167 , pp. 348-349
    • Wodak, A.1
  • 191
    • 0017744829 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of morphine 3-and 6-glucuronides, morphine 3,6-diglucuronide, morphine 3-ethereal sulfate, normorphine, and normorphine 6-glucuronide as morphine metabolites in humans
    • Yeh S.Y., Gorodetzky C.W., Krebs H.A. Isolation and identification of morphine 3-and 6-glucuronides, morphine 3,6-diglucuronide, morphine 3-ethereal sulfate, normorphine, and normorphine 6-glucuronide as morphine metabolites in humans. J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66:1288-1293.
    • (1977) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1288-1293
    • Yeh, S.Y.1    Gorodetzky, C.W.2    Krebs, H.A.3
  • 192
    • 0017351415 scopus 로고
    • Identification of diacetylmorphine metabolites in humans
    • Yeh S.Y., McQuinn R.L., Gorodetzky C.W. Identification of diacetylmorphine metabolites in humans. J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66:201-204.
    • (1977) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 201-204
    • Yeh, S.Y.1    McQuinn, R.L.2    Gorodetzky, C.W.3
  • 193
    • 0018750520 scopus 로고
    • A new design for randomized controlled trials
    • Zelen M. A new design for randomized controlled trials. N. Engl. J. Med. 1979, 300:1242-1245.
    • (1979) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.300 , pp. 1242-1245
    • Zelen, M.1
  • 194
    • 0025290260 scopus 로고
    • Randomized consent designs for clinical trials: an update
    • Zelen M. Randomized consent designs for clinical trials: an update. Stat. Med. 1990, 9:645-646.
    • (1990) Stat. Med. , vol.9 , pp. 645-646
    • Zelen, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.