Screening for subclinical cushing's syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Low false-positive rates with nocturnal salivary cortisol

Hormone and Metabolic Research

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 280-284

  Gagliardi, L ^a,b   Chapman, I M ^a,b   Oloughlin, P ^c   Torpy, D J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^b ROYAL ADELAIDE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c Endocrine Laboratory   (Australia)

Author keywords

Adrenal; Hypercortisolism; Metabolic syndrome

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CORTICOTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; CUSHING SYNDROME; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SALIVA LEVEL; SCREENING;

EID: 77950536119     PISSN: 00185043     EISSN: 14394286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246191     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Mantero F, Masini AM, Opocher G, Giovagnetti M, Arnaldi G. Adrenal incidentaloma: an overview of hormonal data from the National Italian Study Group. Horm Res 1997 47 284-289
2. Rossi R, Tauchmanova L, Luciano A, Di Martino M, Battista C, Del Viscovo L, Nuzzo V, Lombardi G. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: Clinical and biochemical features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000 85 1440-1448
3. Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, Osella G, Masini AM, Al A, Giovanetti M, Opocher G, Angeli A. A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000 85 637-644
4. Bernini G, Moretti A, Iacconi P, Miccoli P, Nami R, Lucani B, Salvetti A. Anthropometric, haemodynamic, humoral and hormonal evaluation in patients with incidental adrenocortical adenomas before and after surgery. Eur J Endocrinol 2003 148 213-219
5. Fernndez-Real JM, Ricart W, Sim R, Salinas I, Webb SM. Study of glucose intolerance in consecutive patients harbouring incidental adrenal tumours. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998 49 53-61
6. Tauchmanov L, Rossi R, Biondi B, Pulcrano M, Nuzzo V, Palmieri EA, Fazio S, Lombardi G. Patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma have increased cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 87 4872-4878
7. Toniato A, Merante-Boschin I, Opocher G, Pelizzo MR, Schiavi F, Ballotta E. Surgical versus conservative management for subclinical Cushing syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas: a prospective randomized study. Ann Surg 2009 249 388-391
8. Chiodini I, Torlontano M, Scillitani A, Arosio M, Bacci S, Di Lembo S, Epaminonda P, Augello G, Enrini R, Ambrosi B, Adda G, Trischitta V. Association of subclinical hypercortisolism with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in hospitalised patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2005 153 837-844
9. Catargi B, Rigalleau V, Poussin A, Ronci-Chaix N, Bex V, Vergnot V, Gin H, Roger P, Tabarin A. Occult Cushing's syndrome in Type-2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 88 5808-5813
10. Newsome S, Chen K, Hoang J, Wilson JD, Potter JM, Hickman PE. Cushing's syndrome in a clinic population with diabetes. Intern Med J 2008 38 178-182
11. Reimondo G, Pia A, Allasino B, Tassone F, Bovio S, Borretta G, Angeli A, Terzolo M. Screening of Cushing's syndrome in adult patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol 2007 67 225-229
12. Terzolo M, Allasino B, Castello R, Scorsone A, Mormile A, Rinaldi R, Strollo F, Arvat E, Ciccarelli E, Crivellaro C, Mainini E, Montini M, Disoteo O, Ambrosi B, Chiodini I, Lanzi, R, Senni S, Balestrieri A, Cignarelli M, Solaroli E, Madeo B, De Giovanni R, Battista R, Scillitani A, Garofalo P, Papini E, Borretta G. Results of large-scale screening of Cushing's syndrome in diabetic clinics in Italy. [P1-619] US Endo 2009 Washington D.C.
13. Caetano MSS, Silva RDC, Kater CE. Increased diagnostic probability of subclinical Cushing's syndrome in a population sample of overweight adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2007 51 1118-1127
14. Leibowitz G, Tsur A, Chayen SD, Salameh M, Raz I, Cerasi E, Gross DJ. Pre-clinical Cushing's syndrome: an unexpected frequent cause of poor glycaemic control in obese diabetic patients. Clin Endocrinol 1996 44 717-722
15. Raff H, Raff JL, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 83 2681-2686
16. Papanicolaou DA, Mullen N, Kyrou I, Nieman LK. Nighttime salivary cortisol: a useful test for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 87 4515-4521
17. Putignano P, Toja P, Dubini A, Pecori Giraldi F, Corsello S, Cavagnini F. Midnight Salivary Cortisol versus Urinary free and midnight serum cortisol as screening tests for Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 88 4153-4157
18. Yaneva M, Mosnier-Pudar H, Dugu MA, Grabar S, Fulla Y, Bertagna X. Midnight salivary cortisol for the initial diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome of various causes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004 89 3345-3351
19. Viardot A, Huber P, Puder JJ, Zulewski H, Keller U, Mller B. Reproducibility of nighttime salivary cortisol and its use in the diagnosis of hypercortisolism compared with urinary free cortisol and overnight dexamethasone suppression test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 90 5730-5736
20. Krug AW, Ehrhart-Bornstein M. Adrenocortical dysfunction in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Horm Metab Res 2008 40 515-517
21. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J, for the IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005 366 1059-1062 (Pubitemid 41338752)
22. Yaneva M, Kirilov G, Zacharieva S. Midnight salivary cortisol, measured by highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Cent Eur J Med 2009 4 59-64
23. Salehi M, Ferenczi A, Zumoff B. Obesity and cortisol status. Horm Metab Res 2005 37 193-197
24. Lamounier-Zepter V, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Bornstein SR. Metabolic syndrome and the endocrine stress system. Horm Metab Res 2006 38 437-441
25. Kyrou I, Tsigos C. Stress mechanisms and metabolic complications. Horm Metab Res 2007 39 430-438
26. Nunes ML, Vattaut S, Corcuff JB, Rault A, Loiseau H, Gatta B, Valli N, Letenneur L, Tabarin A. Late-night salivary cortisol for diagnosis of overt and subclinical Cushing's syndrome in hospitalised and ambulatory patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94 56-62
27. Gagliardi L, Torpy DJ. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in adrenal incidentaloma: a common problem or an artefact of current diagnostic testing? Clin Endocrinol 2009
28. Kidambi S, Raff H, Findling JW. Limitations of nocturnal salivary cortisol and urine free cortisol in the diagnosis of mild Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2007 157 725-731
29. Masserini B, Morelli V, Bergamaschi S, Ermetici F, Eller-Vainicher C, Barbieri AM, Maffini MA, Scillitani A, Ambrosi B, Beck-Peccoz P, Chiodini I. The limited role of midnight salivary cortisol levels in the diagnosis of subclinical hypercortisolism in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol 2009 160 87-92
30. Liu H, Bravata DM, Cabaccan J, Raff H, Ryzen E. Elevated late-night salivary cortisol levels in elderly male type 2 diabetic veterans. Clin Endocrinol 2005 63 642-649
31. Garde AH, Persson R, Hansen M, sterberg K, rbk P, Eek F, Karlson B. Effects of lifestyle factors on concentrations of salivary cortisol in healthy individuals. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009 69 242-250