Complex cratonic seismic structure from thermal models of the lithosphere: Effects of variations in deep radiogenic heating

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 180, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 999-1012

  Hieronymus, C F ^a   Goes, S ^b  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Composition of the mantle; Cratons; Heat generation and transport; Seismic tomography

Indexed keywords

CRATON; DUNITE; HEAT TRANSFER; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; PERIDOTITE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMIC VELOCITY; TEMPERATURE ANOMALY; THERMAL STRUCTURE;

EID: 77949966317     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04478.x     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Afonso JC, Fernandez M, Ranalli G, Griffin WL, Connolly JAD. Integrated geophysical-petrological modeling of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle: methodology and applications. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2008, 9:Q05008. 05010.01029/02007GC001834, doi
2. Artemieva IM, Mooney WD. Thermal thickness and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere: a global study. J. geophys. Res. 2001, 06(8):16 387-16 414.
3. Balling N. Heat flow and thermal structure of the lithosphere across the Baltic Shield and northern Tornquist Zone. Tectonophysics 1995, 244:13-50.
4. Bank C-G, Bostock MG, Ellis RM, Cassidy JF. A reconnaissance teleseismic study of the upper mantle and transition zone beneath the Archean Slave craton in NW Canada. Tectonophysics 2000, 319:151-166.
5. Bernstein S, Kelemen PB, Hanghøj K. Consistent olivine Mg# in cratonic mantle reflects Archean mantle melting to the exhaustion of orthopyroxene. Geology 2007, 35:459-462.
6. Beyer EE, Griffin WL, O'Reilly SY. Transformation of Archaean lithospheric mantle by refertilization: evidence from exposed peridotites in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway. J. Petrol. 2006, 47:1611-1636.
7. Bleeker W. The Late Archean record: a puzzle in ca. 35 pieces. Lithos 2003, 71:99-134.
8. Bostock MG. Mantle stratigraphy and evolution of the Slave province. J. geophys. Res. 1998, 103:21 183-21 200.
9. Boyd JP. Chebyshev and Fourier Spectral Methods 2003, 2nd edn, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY
10. Bruneton M, Pedersen H, Vacher P, Kukkonen I, Arndt NT, Funke S, Friedrich W, Farra V. Layered lithospheric mantle in the central Baltic Shield from surface waves and xenolith analysis. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2004a, 226:41-52.
11. Bruneton M. Complex lithospheric structure under the central Baltic Shield from surface wave tomography. J. geophys. Res. 2004b, 109:B10303. 10310.11029/12003JB002947
12. Cammarano F, Goes S, Vacher P, Giardini D. Inferring upper mantle temperatures from seismic velocities. Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 2003, 138:197-222.
13. Carlson RW, Pearson DG, James DE. Physical, chemical, and chronological characteristics of continental mantle. Rev. Geophys. 2005, 43:RG1001. 10.1029/2004RG000156, doi
14. Chen C-W, Rondenay S, Weeraratne DS, Snyder DB. New constraints on the upper mantle structure of the Slave craton from Rayleigh wave inversion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L10301. 10310.11029/12007GL029535, doi
15. Connolly JAD. Multivariable phase diagrams: an algorithm based on generalized thermodynamics. Am. J. Sci. 1990, 290:666-718.
16. Connolly JAD. Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: a tool for geodynamic modeling and its applicationto subduction zone decarbonation. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 236:524-541.
17. Connolly JAD, Kerrick DM. Metamorphic controls on seismic velocity of subducted oceanic crust at 100-250 km depth. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2002, 204:61-74.
18. Cooper CM, Lenardic A, Levander A. Creation and preservation of cratonic lithosphere: seismic constraints and geodynamic models. Archean Geodynamics and Environments 2006, 75-88. 10.1029/1064GMO1027, in, pp, Am. Geophys. Union, doi
19. Darbyshire FA, Eaton DW, Frederiksen AW, Ertolahti L. New insights into the lithosphere beneath the Superior Province from Rayleigh wave dispersion and receiver function analysis. Geophys. J. Int. 2007, 169:1043-1068.
20. Dobrzhinetskaya LF, Eide EA, Larsen RB, Sturt BA, Trønnes RG, Smith DC, Tayloer WR, Posukhova TV. Microdiamond in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Western Gneiss region, Norway. Geology 1995, 23:597-600.
21. Dziewonski AM, Anderson DL. Preliminary reference Earth model. Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 1981, 25:297-356.
22. Eaton DW, Darbyshire FA, Evans RL, Grütter H, Jones AG, Yuan X. The elusive lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath cratons. Lithos 2009, 109:1-22.
23. Eken T, Shomali ZH, Roberts R, Hieronymus CF, Bodvarsson R. S and P velocity heterogeneities within the upper mantle below the Baltic Shield. Tectonophysics 2008, 462:109-124.
24. Feng M, Assumpao M, Van der Lee S. Group-velocity tomography and lithospheric S-velocity structure of the South American continent. Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 2004, 147:315-331.
25. Fernández Viejo G, Clowes RM. Lithospheric structure beneath the Archaean Slave Province and proterozoic Wopmay orogen, northwestern Canada, from a LITHOPROBE refraction/wide-angle reflection survey. Geophys. J. Int. 2003, 153:1-19.
26. Fischer KM, Van der Hilst RD. A seismic look under the continents. Science 1999, 285:1365-1366.
27. Fishwick S, Kennett BLN, Reading AM. Contrasts in lithospheric structure within the Australian craton-insights from surface wave tomography. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 231:163-176.
28. Fountain DM, Salisbury MH, Furlong KP. Heat production and thermal conductivity of rocks from the Pikwitonei-Sachigo continental cross-section, central Manitoba: implications for the thermal structure of Archean crust. Can. J. Earth Sci. 1987, 24:1583-1594.
29. Frederiksen AW, Miong SK, Darbyshire FA, Eaton DW, Rondenay S, Sol S. Lithospheric variations across the Superior Province, Ontario, Canada: evidence from tomography and shear wave splitting. J. geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B07318. 10.1029/2006JB004861, doi
30. Goes S, Govers R, Vacher P. Shallow upper mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography. J. geophys. Res. 2000, 105:11 153-111 169.
31. Goes S, Simons FJ, Yoshizawa K. Seismic constraints on temperature of the Australian uppermost mantle. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 236:227-237.
32. Griffin WL, Doyle BJ, Ryan CG, Pearson NJ, O'Reilly SY, Davies R, van Achterbergh E, Natapov LM. Layered mantle lithosphere in the Lac de Gras Area, Slave Craton: composition, structure and origin. J. Petrol. 1999a, 40:705-727.
33. Griffin WL, O'Reilly SY, Ryan CG. The composition and origin of sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High-Pressure Experimentation: A Tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd 1999b, 13-43. Fei Y, Bertka CM, Mysen BO. in, pp, eds, The Geochem. Soc., Houston, TX
34. Griffin WL, O'Reilly SY, Natapoc LM, Ryan CG. The evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath the Kalahari Craton and its margins. Lithos 2003a, 71:215-241.
35. Griffin WL, O'Reilly SY, Abe N, Aulbach S, Davies RM, Pearson NJ, Doyle BJ, Kivi K. The origin and evolution of Archean lithospheric mantle. Precambrian Res. 2003b, 127:19-41.
36. Griffin WL, O'Reilly SY, Afonso JC, Begg GC. The composition and evolution of lithospheric mantle: a re-evaluation and its tectonic implications. J. Petrol. 2008, 50:1185-1204. 10.1093/petrology/egn1033, doi
37. Hieronymus CF, Shomali ZH, Pedersen LB. A dynamical model for generating sharp seismic velocity contrasts underneath continents: application to the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 262:77-91.
38. Holland TJB, Powell R. An internally-consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest. J. Metamorphic Geol. 1998, 16:309-344.
39. James DE, Fouch MJ, VanDecar JC, Van der Lee S. Tectospheric structure beneath southern Africa. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:2485-2488.
40. James DE, Boyd FR, Schutt DL, Bell DR, Carlson RW. Xenolith constraints on seismic velocities in the upper mantle beneath South Africa. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2004, 5:Q01002. 01010.01029/02003GC000551, doi
41. Jaupart C, Mareschal J-C. Heat flow and thermal structure of the lithosphere. Treatise on Geophysics 2007, Vol. 6:217-251. Schubert G, in, pp, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands
42. Joeleht TH, Kukkonen IT. Thermal properties of granulite facies rocks in the Precambrian basement of Finland and Estonia. Tectonophysics 1998, 291:195-203.
43. Jones AG, Carlson RW, Grütter H. The Slave-Kaapvaal workshop: a tale of two cratons-preface. Lithos 2003, 71:IX-XI.
44. Jordan TH. Mineralogies, densities and seismic velocities of garnet lherzolites and their geophysical implications. The Mantle Sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics 1979, 1-14. Boyd FRMyer HOA. in, pp, eds, AGU, Washington, DC
45. Khan A, Connolly JAD, Olsen N. Constraining the composition and thermal state of the mantle beneath Europe from inversion of long-period electromagnetic sounding data. J. geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B10102. 10110.11029/12006JB004270, doi
46. King SD. Archean cratons and mantle dynamics. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 234:1-14.
47. Kopylova MG, Caro G. Mantle xenoliths from the southeastern Slave Craton: evidence for chemical zonation in a thick, cold lithosphere. J. Petrol. 2004, 45:1045-1067.
48. Lebedev S, Boonen J, Trampert J. Seismic structure of Precambrian lithosphere: new constraints from braod-band surface-wave dispersion. Lithos 2009, 109:96-111.
49. Lee C-TA. Compositional variation of density and seismic velocities in natural peridotites at STP conditions: implications for seismic imaging of compositional heterogeneities in the upper mantle. J. geophys. Res. 2003, 108. 10.1029/2003JB002413, doi
50. Lee C-TA. Geochemical/petrologic constraints on the origin of cratonic mantle. Am. Geophys. Un. Monogr. 2006, 164:89-114.
51. Lenardic A. On the heat flow variations from Archaen cratons to Proterozoic mobile belts. J. geophys. Res. 1997, 102:709-721.
52. Lenardic A, Moresi LN. A new class of equilibrium geotherms in the deep thermal lithosphere of continents. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2000, 176:331-338.
53. Mareschal JC, Jaupart C. Variations of surface heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure beneath the North American craton. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2004, 223:65-77.
54. McKenzie D, Jackson J, Priestley K. Thermal structure of oceanic and continental lithosphere. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 233:337-349.
55. McLaren S, Sandiford M, Hand M, Neumann N, Wyborn L, Bastrakova I. The hot southern continent: heat flow and heat production in Australian Proterozoic terranes. Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate 2003, Vol. 372:157-167. Hillis RR, Müller RD, in, pp, eds, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap.
56. Menzies M, Rogers N, Tindle A, Hawkesworth C. Metasomatic and enrichment processes in lithospheric peridotites, an effect of asthenosphere-lithosphere interaction. Mantle Metasomatism 1987, 313-361. Menzies M, Hawkesworth C, in, pp, eds, Academic Press, London, UK
57. Michaut C, Jaupart C, Bell DR. Transient geotherms in Archean continental lithosphere: new constraints on thickness and heat production of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. J. geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B04408. 10.1029/2006JB004464, doi
58. Nielsen L, Thybo H, Solodilov L. Seismic tomographic inversion of Russian PNE data along profile Kraton. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, 26:3413-3416.
59. Nyblade AA. Heat flow and the structure of Precambrian lithosphere. Lithos 1999, 48:81-91.
60. Nyblade AA, Pollack HN. A global analysis of heat-flow from Precambrian terrains-implications for the thermal structure of Archean and Proterozoic lithosphere. J. geophys. Res. 1993, 98:12 207-12 218.
61. O'Reilly SY, Griffin WL. Imaging global chemical and thermal heterogeneity in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle with garnets and xenoliths: geophysical implications. Tectonophysics 2006, 416:289-309.
62. Oreshin S, Vinnik L, Makeyeva L, Kosarev G, Kind R, Wentzel F. Combined analysis of SKS splitting and regional P travel times in Siberia. Geophys. J. Int. 2002, 151:393-402.
63. Pedersen HA, Fishwick S, Snyder DB. A comparison of cratonic roots through consistent analysis of seismic surface waves. Lithos 2009, 109:81-95.
64. Pollack HN, Chapman DS. On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms and lithospheric thickness. Tectonophysics 1977, 38:279-296.
65. Priestley K, McKenzie D, Debayle E. The state of the upper mantle beneath southern Africa. Tectonophysics 2006, 416:101-112.
66. Priestley K, McKenzie D, Debayle E, Pilidou S. The African upper mantle and its relationship to tectonics and surface geology. Geophys. J. Int. 2008, 175:1108-1126.
67. Röhm AHE, Snieder RK, Goes S, Trampert J. Thermal structure of continental upper mantle inferred from S wave velocity and surface heat flow. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2000, 181:395-407.
68. Rudnick RL, Fountain DM. Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective. Rev. Geophys. 1995, 33:267-309.
69. Rudnick RL, McDonough WF, O'Connell RJ. Thermal structure, thickness and composition of continental lithosphere. Chem. Geol. 1998, 145:395-411.
70. Ryberg T, Wenzel F, Egorkin AV, Solodilov AV. Properties of the mantle transition zone in northern Eurasia. J. geophys. Res. 1998, 103:811-822.
71. Saltzer RL. Upper mantle structure of the Kaapvaal craton from surface wave analysis-a second look. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29:1093. 1010.1029/2001GL013702, doi
72. Sandoval S, Kissling E, Ansorge J. High-resolution body wave tomography beneath the SVEKALAPKO array-II. Anomalous upper mantle structure beneath the central Baltic Shield. Geophys. J. Int. 2004, 157:200-214.
73. Schutt DL, Lesher CE. Effects of melt depletion on the density and seismic velocity of garnet and spinel lherzolite. J. geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B05401. 05410.01029/02003JB002950, doi
74. Shapiro NM, Ritzwoller MH. Thermodynamic constraints on seismic inversions. Geophys. J. Int. 2004, 157:1175-1188.
75. Shapiro NM, Ritzwoller MH, Mareschal JC, Jaupart C. Lithospheric structure of the Canadian Shield inferred from inversion of surface-wave dispersion with thermodynamic a priori constraints. Geological Prior Information: Informing Science and Engineering 2004, 175-194. Curtis A, Wood R, in, pp, eds, Geol. Soc. London
76. Shirey SB, Harris JW, Richardson SH, Fouch MJ, James DE, Cartigny P, Deines P, Viljoen F. Diamond genesis, seismic structure, and evolution of the Kaapvaal-Zimbabwe Craton. Science 2002, 297:1683-1686.
77. Simons FJ, Van der Hilst RD. Age-dependent seismic thickness and mechanical strength of the Australian lithosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29. 10.1029/2002GL014962, doi
78. Simon RE, Wright C, Kwadiba MTO, Kgaswane EM. Mantle structure and composition to 800-km depth beneath southern Africa and surrounding oceans from broadband body waves. Lithos 2003, 71:353-367.
79. Simon NSC, Carlson RW, Pearson DG, Davies GR. The origin and evolution of the Kaapvaal cratonic lithospheric mantle. J. Petrol. 2007, 48:589-625.
80. Sleep NH. Evolution of the continental lithosphere. Ann. Rev. Earth planet Sci. 2005, 33:369-393.
81. Snyder DB, Bruneton M. Seismic anisotropy of the Slave craton, NW Canada, from joint interpretation of SKS and Rayleigh waves. Geophys. J. Int. 2007, 169:170-188.
82. Snyder DB, Rondenay S, Bostock MG, Lockhart GD. Mapping the mantle lithosphere for diamon potential using teleseismic methods. Lithos 2004, 77:859-872.
83. Stixrude L, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. Mineralogy and elasticity of the oceanic upper mantle: origin of the low-velocity zone. J. geophys. Res. 2005, 110:B03204. 03210.01029/02004JB002965, doi
84. Van Wijk J, Van Hunen J, Goes S. Small-scale convection during continental rifting: evidence from the Rio Grande rift. Geology 2008, 36:575-578.
85. Weaver BL, Tarney J. Empirical approach to estimating the composition of the continental crust. Nature 1984, 310:575-577.
86. Xu W, Lithgow-Bertelloni C, Stixrude L, Ritsema J. The effect of bulk composition and temperature on mantle seismic structure. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 275:70-79.
87. Ye K, Cong B, Ye D. The possible subduction of continental material to depth greater than 200 km. Nature 2000, 407:734-736.