Shallow mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 105, Issue B5, 2000, Pages 11153-11169

  Goes, S ^a,c   Govers, R ^a   Vacher, P ^b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES   (France)

^c ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MANTLE; P-WAVE; S-WAVE; TEMPERATURE; TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 0034630690     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900300     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Anderson, D.L., and J.W. Given, Absorption band Q model for the Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 3893-3904, 1982.
2. Anderson, D.L., and R.S. Hart, Attenuation models of the Earth, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 16, 289-306, 1978.
3. Anderson, O.L., and D.G. Isaak, Elastic constants of mantle minerals at high temperature, in Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Ref. Shelf, vol. 2, edited by T.J. Ahrens, pp. 64-97, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1995.
4. Anderson, O.L., E. Schreiber, and R.C. Liebermann, Some elastic constant data on minerals relevant to geophysics, Rev. Geophys., 6, 491-495, 1968.
5. Babuska, V., and J. Plomerová, The lithosphere in central Europe-Seismological and petrological aspects, Tectonophysics, 207, 141-163, 1992.
6. Babuska, V., J. Plomerová, and J. Síleny, Models of seismic anisotropy in the deep lithosphere, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 78, 167-191, 1993.
7. Bass, J.D., Elasticity of single crystal ferrosilite, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4359-4371, 1984.
8. Bass, J.D., Elasticity of minerals, glasses, and melts, in Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Ref. Shelf, vol. 2, edited by T.J. Ahrens, pp. 45-63, AGU, Washington D.C., 1995.
9. Berckhemer, H., W. Kampfman, E. Aulbach, and H. Schmeling, Shear modulus and Q of forsterite and dunite near partial melting from forced oscillation experiments, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 29, 30-41, 1982.
10. Bijwaard, H., W. Spakman, and E.R. Engdahl, Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 30,055-30,078, 1998.
11. Blundell, D., R. Freeman, and S. Mueller, A Continent Revealed: The European Geotraverse, 275 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
12. Bormann, P., G. Grünthal, R. Kind, and H. Montag, Upper mantle anisotropy beneath Central Europe from SKS wave splitting: Effects of absolute plate motion and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary topography?, J. Geodyn., 22, 11-32, 1996.
13. Cermák, V., and L. Bodri, Three-dimensional deep temperature modelling along the European geotraverse, Tectonophysics, 244, 1-11, 1995.
14. Cermák, V., and E. Hurtig (Eds.), Heat flow map of Europe, scale 1:5,000,000, in Terrestrial Heat Flow in Europe, edited by V. Cermák, and L. Rybach, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979.
15. Cermák, V., and L. Rybach (Eds.), Terrestrial Heat Flow in Europe, 329 pp., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979.
16. Chapman, D.S., Thermal gradients in the continental crust, in The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust, edited by J.B. Dawson et al., pp. 63-70, Geol. Soc. London, 1986.
17. Chen, G., R. Miletich, K. Mueller, and H.A. Spetzler, Shear and congressional mode measurements with GHz ultrasonic interferometry and velocity-composition systematics for pyropealmandine solid solution series, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 99, 273-287, 1997.
18. Cloetingh, S., and E.B. Burov, Thermomechanical structure of European continental lithosphere: Constraints from rheological profiles and EET estimates, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 695-732, 1996.
19. de Jonge, M.R., M.J.R. Wortel, and W. Spakman, Regional scale tectonic evolution and the seismic velocity structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle: The Mediterranean region, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,091-12,108, 1994.
20. Der, Z.A., A.C. Lees, and V.F. Cormier, Frequency dependence of Q in the mantle underlying the shield areas of Eurasia, part III, The Q model, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 87, 1103-1112, 1986.
21. Duffy, T.S., and D.L. Anderson, Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1895-1912, 1989.
22. Duffy, T.S., C. Zha, R.T. Downs, H. Mao, and R.J. Hemley, Elasticity of forsterite to 16 GPa and the composition of the upper mantle. Nature, 378, 170-131, 1995.
23. Durek, J.J., and G. Ekström, A radial model of anelasticity consistent with long-period surface-wave attenuation, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 86, 144-158, 1996.
24. Engdahl, E.R., R.D. van der Hilst, and R.P. Buland, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 88, 722-743, 1998.
25. Faul, U.H., D.R. Toomey, and H.S. Waff, Intergranular basaltic melt is distributed in thin, elongated inclusions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 29-32, 1994.
26. Forte, A.M., R.L. Woodward, and A.M. Dziewonski, Joint inversions of seismic and geodynamic data for models of three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21,857-21,887, 1994.
27. Forte, A.M., A.M. Dziewonski, and R.J. O'Connell, Thermal and chemical heterogeneity in the mantle: A seismic and geodynamic study of continental roots, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 92, 45-55, 1995.
28. Furlong, K.P., W. Spakman, and M.J.R. Wortel, Thermal structure of the continental lithosphere: Constraints from seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, 224, 107-117, 1995.
29. Griffin, W.L., S.Y. O'Reilly, C.G. Ryan, O. Gaul, and D.A. Ionov, Secular variation in the composition of subcontinental lithospheric mantle: Geophysical and geodynamic implications, in Structure and Evolution of the Australian Continent, Geodyn. Ser., vol. 26, edited by J. Braun et al., pp. 1-26, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1998.
30. Griffin, W.L., S.Y. O'Reilly, and C.G. Ryan, The composition and origin of sub-continental lithospheric mantle, in Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High-Pressure Experimentation, edited by Y. Fei, Geochem. Soc., USA, in press, 1999.
31. Hirth, G., and D.L. Kohlstedt, Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144, 93-108, 1996.
32. Hoernle, K., Y. Zhang, and D. Graham, Seismic and geochemical evidence for large-scale mantle upwelling beneath the eastern Atlantic and western and central Europe, Nature, 374, 34-39, 1995.
33. Isaak, D.G., High-temperature elasticity of iron-bearing olivines, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 871-1885, 1992.
34. Jackson, I., and S.M. Rigden, Composition and temperature of the Earth's mantle: Seismological models interpreted through experimental studies of Earth materials, in The Earth's Mantle: Composition, Structure and Evolution, edited by I. Jackson, pp. 405-460, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1998.
35. Jackson, I., R.L. Rudnick, S.Y. O'Reilly, and C. Bezant, Measured and calculated elastic wave velocities for xenoliths from the lower crust and upper mantle, Tectonophysics, 173, 207-210, 1990.
36. Jones, A.P., J.V. Smith, J.B. Dawson, and E.C. Hansen, Metamorphism, partial melting, and K-metasomatism of garnet-scapolite-kyanite granulite xenoliths from Lashaine, Tanzania, J. Geol., 91, 143-165, 1983.
37. Jordan, T.H., Mineralogies, densities and seismic velocities of garnet lherzolites and their geophysical implications, in The Mantle Sample: Inclùsions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics, edited by F.R. Boyd and H.O.A. Myer, pp. 1-14, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1979.
38. Jordan, T.H., Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere, J. Petrol., Special Lithosphere Issue, 11-37, 1988.
39. Kampfmann, W., and H. Berckhemer, High temperature experiments on the elastic and anelastic behavior of magmatic rocks, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 40, 223-247, 1985.
40. Kandelin, J., and D.J. Weidner, Elastic properties of hedenbergite, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1063, 1988.
41. Karato, S., Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1623-1626, 1993.
42. Karato, S., and H. Jung, Water, partial melting and the origin of the seismic low velocity and high attenuation zone in the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 157, 193-207, 1998.
43. Karato, S., and H.A. Spetzler, Defect microdynamics in minerals and solid-state mechanisms of seismic wave attenuation and velocity dispersion in the mantle, Rev. Geophys., 28, 399-421, 1990.
44. 2O-saturated mantle peridotite to 11 gigapascals, Science, 276, 240-243, 1997.
45. Kennett, B.L.N., E.R. Engdahl, and R. Buland, Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 108-124, 1995.
46. Kennett, B.L.N., S. Widiyantoro, and R.D. van der Hilst, Joint seismic tomography for bulk sound and shear wave speed in the Earth's mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 12,469-12,493, 1998.
47. Kirby, S.H., Rheology of the lithosphere. Rev. Geophys., 21, 1458-1487, 1983.
48. Leven, J.H., I. Jackson, and A.E. Ringwood, Upper mantle seismic anisotropy and lithospheric decoupling, Nature, 289, 235-239, 1981.
49. Levien, L., D.J. Weidner, and C.T. Prewitt, Elasticity of diopside, Phys. Chem. Miner., 4, 105-113, 1979.
50. Marquering, H., and R. Snieder, Shear-wave velocity structure beneath Europe, the northeastern Atlantic and western Asia from waveform inversions including surface-wave mode coupling, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 283-304, 1996.
51. Marquering, H., R. Snieder, and G. Nolet, Waveform inversions and the significance of surface-wave mode coupling, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 258-278, 1996.
52. Mavko, G.M., Velocity and attenuation in partially molten rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 5173-5189, 1980.
53. McDonough, W.F., Constraints on the composition of the continental lithospheric mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 101, 1-18, 1990.
54. McKenzie, D., and M.J. Bickle, The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere, J. Petrol., 29, 625-679, 1988.
55. Meissner, R., T. Wever, and E.R. Flüh, The Moho in Europe-Implications for crustal development, Ann. Geophys., Ser. B, 5, 357-364, 1987.
56. 4, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,199-22,207, 1993.
57. Minster, J.B., and D.L. Anderson, A model of dislocation-controlled rheology for the mantle, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 299, 319-356, 1981.
58. Mitchell, B.J., Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental crust and upper mantle from seismic surface wave attenuation, Rev. Geophys., 33, 441-462, 1995.
59. Mooney, W.D., G. Laske, and T.G. Masters, CRUST5.1: A global crustal model at 5°×5°, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 727-747, 1998.
60. Nataf, H.C., and Y. Ricard, 3SMAC: An a priori tomographic model of the upper mantle based on geophysical modeling, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 95, 101-122, 1996.
61. Niu, Y., Mantle melting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges: Evidence from abyssal peridotites, J. Petrol., 38, 1047-1074, 1997.
62. Nolet, G., and A. Zielhuis, Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teisseyre zone: Evidence for water injection into the transition zone by subduction, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,813-15,820, 1994.
63. O'Reilly, S.Y., and W.L. Griffin, 4-D lithosphere mapping: methodology and examples, Tectonophysics, 262, 3-18, 1996.
64. O'Reilly, S.Y., I. Jackson, and C. Bezant, Equilibrium temperatures and elastic wave velocities for upper mantle rocks from eastern Australia: Implications for the interpretation of seismological models, Tectonophysics, 185, 67-82, 1990.
65. Panza, G.F., Lateral variations in the lithosphere in correspondence of the Southern segment of EGT, in Second EGT Workshop: The Southern Segment, edited by D.A. Galson and S. Mueller, pp. 47-51, Eur. Sci. Found., Strasbourg, France, 1985.
66. Panza, G.F., S. Mueller, and G. Calcagnile, The gross features of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in Europe from seismic surface waves and body waves., Pure Appl. Geophys., 118, 1209-1213, 1980.
67. Pollack, H.N., and D.S. Chapman, On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms and lithospheric thickness, Techonophysics, 38, 279-296, 1977.
68. Pollack, H.N., S.J. Hurter, and J.R. Johnson, Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set, Rev. Geophys., 31, 267-280, 1993.
69. Popp, T., and H. Kern, Thermal hydration reaction characterised by combined measurements of electrical conductivity and elastic wave velocities, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120, 43-57, 1993.
70. Ranalli, G., Nonlinear flexure and equivalent mechanical thickness of the lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 240, 107-114, 1994.
71. Ranalli, G., Seismic tomography and mineral physics, in Seismic Modelling of Earth Structure, edited by E. Boschi et al., pp. 443-459, Ist. Naz. di Geof., Bologna, Italy, 1996.
72. Ricard, Y., H.-C. Nataf, and J.-P. Montagner, The three-dimensional seismological model a priori constrained: Confrontation with seismic data, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8457-8472, 1996.
73. Robertson, G.S., and J.H. Woodhouse, Comparison of P and S station corrections and their relationship to upper mantle temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 27,355-27,366, 1997.
74. Roosendaal, E.A., The effect of peridotite composition on elastic seismic velocities in the upper mantle, M.Sc. thesis, Utrecht Univ., Utrecht, Netherlands, 1998.
75. Sato, H., Thermal structure of the mantle wedge beneath northeastern Japan: Magmatism in an island arc from combined data of seismic anelasticity and velocity and heat flow, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 51, 237-252, 1992.
76. Sato, H., I.S. Sacks, and T. Murase, The use of laboratory velocity data for estimating temperature and partial melt fraction in the low-velocity zone: Comparison with heat flow and electrical conductivity studies, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5689-5704, 1989.
77. Saxena, S.K., and G. Shen, Assessed data on heat capacity, thermal expansion, and compressibility for some oxides and silicates, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,813-19,825, 1992.
78. Schmeling, H., Numerical models on the influence of partial melt on elastic, anelastic and electric properties of rocks, part 1, Elasticity and anelasticity, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 41, 34-57, 1985.
79. Sobolev, S.V., H. Zeyen, G. Stoll, F. Werling, R. Altherr, and K. Fuchs, Upper mantle temperatures from teleseismic tomography of French Massif Central including effects of composition, mineral reactions, anharmonicity, anelasticity and partial melt, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 139, 147-163, 1996.
80. Sobolev, S.V., H. Zeyen, M. Granet, U. Achauer, C. Bauer, F. Werling, R. Altherr, and K. Fuchs, Upper mantle temperatures and lithosphere-asthenosphere system beneath the French Massif Central constrained by seismic, gravity, petrologic and thermal observations, Tectonophysics, 275, 143-164, 1997.
81. Spakman, W., and H. Bijwaard, Irregular cell parametrization for large tomographic problems (abstract), Ann. Geophys., 16, 28, 1998.
82. Spakman, W., S. van der Lee, and R.D. van der Hilst, Travel-time tomography of the European-Mediterranean mantle down to 1400 km, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 79, 3-74, 1993.
83. Sumino, Y., and O.L. Anderson, Elastic constants of minerals, in Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks, edited by R.S. Carmichael, pp. 39-113, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FLa., 1984.
84. Thompson, A.B., Water in the Earth's upper mantle, Nature, 358, 295-302, 1992.
85. Tralli, D.M., and J.J. Ita, Regionalized temperature variations in the upper 400 km of the Earth's mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 91, 177-186, 1995.
86. S structure in the northeastern Japan arc, J. Seismol. Soc. Jpn., 37, 217-228, 1984.
87. Vacher, P., A. Mocquet, and C. Sotin, Comparison between tomographic structures and models of convection in the upper mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 45-56, 1996.
88. Vacher, P., A. Mocquet, and C. Sotin, Computation of seismic profiles from mineral physics: the importance of non-olivine components for explaining the 660 depth discontinuity, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 106, 275-298, 1998.
89. Wang, H., and G. Simmons, Elasticity of some mantle crystal structures, I, Pleonaste and hercynite spinel, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 4379-4392, 1972.
90. Waters, F.G., and A.J. Erlank, Assessment of the vertical extent and distribution of mantle metasomatism below Kimberley, South Africa, J. Petrol., Special Lithosphere Issue, 185-204, 1988.
91. 4), Eur. J. Mineral., 5, 111-119, 1993.
92. Weidner, D.J., H. Wang, and J. Ito, Elasticity of orthoenstatite, Phys. Eart Planet. Inter., 17, 7-13, 1978.
93. Wessel, P., and W.H.F. Smith, New version of the generic mapping tools released, Eos Trans. AGU, 76, 329, 1995.
94. Xie, J.K., and B.J. Mitchell, A back-projection method for imaging large-scale variations of Lg coda Q with application to continental Africa, Geophys. J. Int., 100, 161-181, 1990.
95. Yan, B., E.K. Graham, and K.P. Furlong, Lateral variations in upper mantle thermal structure inferred from three-dimensional seismic inversion models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 449-453, 1989.
96. 4, J. Phys. Earth, 38, 19-55, 1990.
97. Zeyen, H., F. Volker, V. Wehrle, K. Fuchs, S.V. Sobolev, and R. Altherr, Styles of continental rifting: crust-mantle detachment and mantle plumes, Tectonophysics, 278, 329-352, 1997.
98. Zha, C., T.S. Duffy, R.T. Downs, H. Mao, and R.J. Hemley, Sound velocity and elasticity of single-crystal forsterite to 16 GPa, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17,535-17,545, 1996.
99. Zhang, L., H. Ahsbahs, S.S. Hafner, and A. Kutoglu, Single-crystal compression and crystal structure of clinopyroxene up to 10 GPa, Am. Mineral., 82, 245-258, 1997.
100. Zielhuis, A., and G. Nolet, Shear-wave velocity variations in the upper mantle beneath central Europe, Geophys. J. Int., 117, 695-715, 1994.