메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 226-233

A critical reassessment of ambulance service airway management in prehospital care: Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee Airway Working Group, June 2008

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMBULANCE; ARTICLE; CONCUSSION; DEFIBRILLATOR; EMERGENCY CARE; END TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE; ESOPHAGUS INTUBATION; FOREIGN BODY; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HEAD INJURY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH SERVICE; HEART ARREST; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; HYPERVENTILATION; HYPOXEMIA; LARYNGEAL MASK; LOWER ESOPHAGUS SPHINCTER; LUNG COMPLIANCE; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION; MORTALITY; OXYGEN SATURATION; OXYGEN SUPPLY; PARAMEDICAL EDUCATION; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY ASPIRATION; RESUSCITATION; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SKILL RETENTION; STOMACH CONTENT; SURVIVAL RATE; TOOTH INJURY;

EID: 77949876657     PISSN: 14720205     EISSN: 14720213     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/emj.2009.082115     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 42549164774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCEPOD National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death NCEPOD, London, UK: NCEPOD
    • NCEPOD National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) Trauma: who cares? London, UK: NCEPOD 2007.
    • (2007) Trauma: Who cares
  • 2
    • 84862768673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IHCD training requirement for endotracheal intubation, accessed Jun 2008
    • Joint Recommendation from AETAG/JRCALC Airway Group. IHCD training requirement for endotracheal intubation. 2004. http://jrcalc.org.uk/ publications/ Endotracheal-Intubation.pdf (accessed Jun 2008).
    • (2004) Joint Recommendation from AETAG/JRCALC Airway Group
  • 4
    • 72449198973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-hospital advanced airway management by ambulance technicians and paramedics: Is clinical practice sufficient to maintain skills?
    • Deakin CD, King P, Thompson F. Pre-hospital advanced airway management by ambulance technicians and paramedics: is clinical practice sufficient to maintain skills? Emerg Med J 2009;26:888-91.
    • (2009) Emerg Med J , vol.26 , pp. 888-891
    • Deakin, C.D.1    King, P.2    Thompson, F.3
  • 5
    • 33646535907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation: Where are we?
    • Wang HE, Yealy DM. Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation: where are we? Ann Emerg Med 2006;47:532-41.
    • (2006) Ann Emerg Med , vol.47 , pp. 532-541
    • Wang, H.E.1    Yealy, D.M.2
  • 6
    • 27944506946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital endotracheal Intubationdit's time to stop pretending that problems don't exist
    • Wang HE, Yealy DM. Out-of-hospital endotracheal Intubationdit's time to stop pretending that problems don't exist. Acad Emerg Med 2005;12:1245.
    • (2005) Acad Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 1245
    • Wang, H.E.1    Yealy, D.M.2
  • 7
    • 0035659476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital and resuscitative airway care: Should the gold standard be reassessed?
    • Nolan JD. Prehospital and resuscitative airway care: should the gold standard be reassessed? Curr Opin Crit Care 2001;7:413-21.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.7 , pp. 413-421
    • Nolan, J.D.1
  • 8
    • 3943066444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced cardiac life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Stiell IG, Wells GA, Field B, et al. Advanced cardiac life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2004;351:647-56.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 647-656
    • Stiell, I.G.1    Wells, G.A.2    Field, B.3
  • 9
    • 30144440856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced cardiac life support before and after tracheal intubationddirect measurements of quality
    • Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Steen PA. Advanced cardiac life support before and after tracheal intubationddirect measurements of quality. Resuscitation 2006;68:61-9.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.68 , pp. 61-69
    • Kramer-Johansen, J.1    Wik, L.2    Steen, P.A.3
  • 10
    • 26244434708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower esophageal sphincter pressure measurement during cardiac arrest in humans: Potential implications for ventilation of the unprotected airway
    • Gabrielli A, Wenzel V, Layon AJ, et al. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure measurement during cardiac arrest in humans: potential implications for ventilation of the unprotected airway. Anesthesiology 2005;103:897-9.
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 897-899
    • Gabrielli, A.1    Wenzel, V.2    Layon, A.J.3
  • 11
    • 34547414965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence and significance of emesis associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Simons RW, Rea TD, Becker LJ, et al. The incidence and significance of emesis associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2007;74:427-31.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.74 , pp. 427-431
    • Simons, R.W.1    Rea, T.D.2    Becker, L.J.3
  • 12
    • 33846457881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in survivors from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Virkkunen I, Ryynanen S, Kujala S, et al. Incidence of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in survivors from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007;51:202-5.
    • (2007) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.51 , pp. 202-205
    • Virkkunen, I.1    Ryynanen, S.2    Kujala, S.3
  • 13
    • 0031863636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital oral endotracheal intubation by rural basic emergency medical technicians
    • Bradley JS, Billows GL, Olinger ML, et al. Prehospital oral endotracheal intubation by rural basic emergency medical technicians. Ann Emerg Med 1998;32:26-32.
    • (1998) Ann Emerg Med , vol.32 , pp. 26-32
    • Bradley, J.S.1    Billows, G.L.2    Olinger, M.L.3
  • 14
    • 0043151094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field trial of endotracheal intubation by basic EMTs
    • Sayre MR, Sakles JC, Mistler AF, et al. Field trial of endotracheal intubation by basic EMTs. Ann Emerg Med 1998;31:228- 33.
    • (1998) Ann Emerg Med , vol.31 , pp. 228-233
    • Sayre, M.R.1    Sakles, J.C.2    Mistler, A.F.3
  • 15
    • 0347359223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotracheal intubation and esophageal tracheal Combitube insertion by regular ambulance attendants: A comparative trial
    • Rumball C, Macdonald D, Barber P, et al. Endotracheal intubation and esophageal tracheal Combitube insertion by regular ambulance attendants: a comparative trial. Prehosp Emerg Care 2004;8:15-22.
    • (2004) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.8 , pp. 15-22
    • Rumball, C.1    Macdonald, D.2    Barber, P.3
  • 16
    • 0031007604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital experience with the syringe esophageal detector device
    • Pelucio M, Halligan L, Dhindsa H. Out-of-hospital experience with the syringe esophageal detector device. Acad Emerg Med 1997;4:563-8.
    • (1997) Acad Emerg Med , vol.4 , pp. 563-568
    • Pelucio, M.1    Halligan, L.2    Dhindsa, H.3
  • 17
    • 0035148486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misplaced endotracheal tubes by paramedics in an urban emergency medical services system
    • Katz SH, Falk JL. Misplaced endotracheal tubes by paramedics in an urban emergency medical services system. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:62-4.
    • (2001) Ann Emerg Med , vol.37 , pp. 62-64
    • Katz, S.H.1    Falk, J.L.2
  • 18
    • 0033950423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of out-of-hospital pediatric endotracheal intubation on survival and neurological outcome: A controlled clinical trial
    • Gausche M, Lewis RJ, Stratton SJ, et al. Effect of out-of-hospital pediatric endotracheal intubation on survival and neurological outcome: a controlled clinical trial. JAMA 2000;283:783-90.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 783-790
    • Gausche, M.1    Lewis, R.J.2    Stratton, S.J.3
  • 19
    • 0344653608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning manual skills in anesthesiology: Is there a recommended number of cases for anesthetic procedures?
    • Konrad C, Schupfer G, Wietlisbach M, et al. Learning manual skills in anesthesiology: is there a recommended number of cases for anesthetic procedures? Anesth Analg 1998;86:635-9.
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.86 , pp. 635-639
    • Konrad, C.1    Schupfer, G.2    Wietlisbach, M.3
  • 20
    • 0142247275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of paramedic experience on orotracheal intubation success rates
    • Garza AG, Gratton MC, Coontz D. Effect of paramedic experience on orotracheal intubation success rates. J Emerg Med 2003;25:251-6.
    • (2003) J Emerg Med , vol.25 , pp. 251-256
    • Garza, A.G.1    Gratton, M.C.2    Coontz, D.3
  • 21
    • 0035053404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failed prehospital intubations: An analysis of emergency department courses and outcomes
    • Wang HE, Sweeney TA, O'Connor RE, et al. Failed prehospital intubations: an analysis of emergency department courses and outcomes. Prehosp Emerg Care 2001;5:134-41.
    • (2001) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.5 , pp. 134-141
    • Wang, H.E.1    Sweeney, T.A.2    O'Connor, R.E.3
  • 22
    • 0032937792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital use of succinylcholine: A 20-year review
    • Wayne MA, Friedland E. Prehospital use of succinylcholine: a 20-year review. Prehosp Emerg Care 1999;3:107-9.
    • (1999) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.3 , pp. 107-109
    • Wayne, M.A.1    Friedland, E.2
  • 23
    • 17844371707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of out-of-hospital use of continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring on the rate of unrecognized misplaced intubation within a regional emergency medical services system
    • Silvestri S, Ralls GA, Krauss B, et al. The effectiveness of out-of-hospital use of continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring on the rate of unrecognized misplaced intubation within a regional emergency medical services system. Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:497-503.
    • (2005) Ann Emerg Med , vol.45 , pp. 497-503
    • Silvestri, S.1    Ralls, G.A.2    Krauss, B.3
  • 24
    • 0032998922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capnography and the difference between tracheal and oesophageal intubation
    • Sanchi O, Calder I. Capnography and the difference between tracheal and oesophageal intubation. Anaesthesia 1999;54:604-5.
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 604-605
    • Sanchi, O.1    Calder, I.2
  • 25
    • 0030993141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotracheal intubation in the field improves survival in patients with severe head injury. Trauma Research and Education Foundation of San Diego
    • Winchell RJ, Hoyt DB. Endotracheal intubation in the field improves survival in patients with severe head injury. Trauma Research and Education Foundation of San Diego. Arch Surg 1997;132:592-7.
    • (1997) Arch Surg , vol.132 , pp. 592-597
    • Winchell, R.J.1    Hoyt, D.B.2
  • 26
    • 0035928503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of trauma patients who have prehospital tracheal intubation without anaesthesia or muscle relaxants: Observational study
    • Lockey D, Davies G, Coats T. Survival of trauma patients who have prehospital tracheal intubation without anaesthesia or muscle relaxants: observational study. BMJ 2001;323:141.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 141
    • Lockey, D.1    Davies, G.2    Coats, T.3
  • 27
    • 0034150638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intubation and survival in severe paediatric blunt head injury
    • Suominen P, Baillie C, Kivioja A, et al. Intubation and survival in severe paediatric blunt head injury. Eur J Emerg Med 2000;7:3-7.
    • (2000) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.7 , pp. 3-7
    • Suominen, P.1    Baillie, C.2    Kivioja, A.3
  • 28
    • 0142240390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paramedic-administered neuromuscular blockade improves prehospital intubation success in severely head-injured patients
    • Davis DP, Ochs M, Hoyt DB, et al. Paramedic-administered neuromuscular blockade improves prehospital intubation success in severely head-injured patients. J Trauma 2003;55:713-19.
    • (2003) J Trauma , vol.55 , pp. 713-719
    • Davis, D.P.1    Ochs, M.2    Hoyt, D.B.3
  • 29
    • 0344861811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of transient hypoxia and pulse rate reactivity during paramedic rapid sequence intubation
    • Dunford JV, Davis DP, Ochs M, et al. Incidence of transient hypoxia and pulse rate reactivity during paramedic rapid sequence intubation. Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:721-8.
    • (2003) Ann Emerg Med , vol.42 , pp. 721-728
    • Dunford, J.V.1    Davis, D.P.2    Ochs, M.3
  • 30
    • 4043176949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of hypoxia and hyperventilation on outcome after paramedic rapid sequence intubation of severely head-injured patients
    • Davis DP, Dunford JV, Poste JC, et al. The impact of hypoxia and hyperventilation on outcome after paramedic rapid sequence intubation of severely head-injured patients. J Trauma 2004;57:1-8.
    • (2004) J Trauma , vol.57 , pp. 1-8
    • Davis, D.P.1    Dunford, J.V.2    Poste, J.C.3
  • 32
    • 33646880431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New airways for resuscitation?
    • Cook TM, Hommers C. New airways for resuscitation? Resuscitation 2006;69:371-87.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.69 , pp. 371-387
    • Cook, T.M.1    Hommers, C.2
  • 33
    • 0025761021 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of training in anaesthesia and related skills
    • Lawler PG, Patla VR, Garcia E, et al. Assessment of training in anaesthesia and related skills. Anaesthesia 1991;46:597.
    • (1991) Anaesthesia , vol.46 , pp. 597
    • Lawler, P.G.1    Patla, V.R.2    Garcia, E.3
  • 34
    • 0028866009 scopus 로고
    • A statistical approach to measuring the competence of anaesthetic trainees at practical procedures
    • Kestin IG. A statistical approach to measuring the competence of anaesthetic trainees at practical procedures. Br J Anaesth 1995;75:805-9.
    • (1995) Br J Anaesth , vol.75 , pp. 805-809
    • Kestin, I.G.1
  • 35
    • 0030005631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new tracheal tube for difficult intubation
    • West MR, Jonas MM, Adams AP, et al. A new tracheal tube for difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth 1996;76:673-9.
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.76 , pp. 673-679
    • West, M.R.1    Jonas, M.M.2    Adams, A.P.3
  • 37
    • 26044479492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the learning curve for paramedic student endotracheal intubation
    • Wang HE, Seitz SR, Hostler D, et al. Defining the learning curve for paramedic student endotracheal intubation. Prehosp Emerg Care 2005;9:156-62.
    • (2005) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.9 , pp. 156-162
    • Wang, H.E.1    Seitz, S.R.2    Hostler, D.3
  • 38
    • 34047101309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retention of tracheal intubation skills by novice personnel: A comparison of the Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes
    • Maharaj CH. Retention of tracheal intubation skills by novice personnel: a comparison of the Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes. Anaesthesia 2007;62:272-8.
    • (2007) Anaesthesia , vol.62 , pp. 272-278
    • Maharaj, C.H.1
  • 39
    • 0025985926 scopus 로고
    • The development of the laryngeal maskda brief history of the invention, early clinical studies and experimental work from which the laryngeal mask evolved
    • Brain AIJ. The development of the laryngeal maskda brief history of the invention, early clinical studies and experimental work from which the laryngeal mask evolved. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1991;4:5-17.
    • (1991) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.4 , pp. 5-17
    • Brain, A.I.J.1
  • 40
    • 0020595084 scopus 로고
    • The laryngeal maskda new concept in airway management
    • Brain AIJ. The laryngeal maskda new concept in airway management. Br J Anaesth 1983;55:801-5.
    • (1983) Br J Anaesth , vol.55 , pp. 801-805
    • Brain, A.I.J.1
  • 41
    • 28444490018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 4. Adult advanced life support
    • Nolan JP, Deakin CD, Soar J, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 4. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 2005; 67(Suppl 1):S39-86.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.67 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Nolan, J.P.1    Deakin, C.D.2    Soar, J.3
  • 42
    • 0034110143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The LMA 'ProSeal'da laryngeal mask with an oesophageal vent
    • Brain AI, Verghese C, Strube PJ. The LMA 'ProSeal'da laryngeal mask with an oesophageal vent. Br J Anaesth 2000;84:650-4.
    • (2000) Br J Anaesth , vol.84 , pp. 650-654
    • Brain, A.I.1    Verghese, C.2    Strube, P.J.3
  • 43
    • 44949170849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency intubation for acutely ill and injured patients
    • CD 001429
    • Lecky F, Bryden D, Little R, et al. Emergency intubation for acutely ill and injured patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(2):CD 001429.
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.2
    • Lecky, F.1    Bryden, D.2    Little, R.3
  • 44
    • 0037382375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a conventional tracheal airway with the Combitube in an urban emergency medical services system run by physicians
    • Rabitsch W, Schellongowski P, Staudinger T, et al. Comparison of a conventional tracheal airway with the Combitube in an urban emergency medical services system run by physicians. Resuscitation 2003;57:27-32.
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.57 , pp. 27-32
    • Rabitsch, W.1    Schellongowski, P.2    Staudinger, T.3
  • 45
    • 0022596977 scopus 로고
    • Esophageal gastric tube airway vs endotracheal tube in prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest
    • Goldenberg IF, Campion BC, Siebold CM, et al. Esophageal gastric tube airway vs endotracheal tube in prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Chest 1986;90:90-6.
    • (1986) Chest , vol.90 , pp. 90-96
    • Goldenberg, I.F.1    Campion, B.C.2    Siebold, C.M.3
  • 46
    • 0026535264 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask in airway management by paramedical personnel
    • Pennant JH, Walker MB. Comparison of the endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask in airway management by paramedical personnel. Anesth Analg 1992;74:531-4.
    • (1992) Anesth Analg , vol.74 , pp. 531-534
    • Pennant, J.H.1    Walker, M.B.2
  • 47
    • 66049110561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracheal intubation and alternative airway management devices used by healthcare professionals with different level of pre-existing skills: A manikin study
    • Wahlen BM, Roewer N, Lange M, et al. Tracheal intubation and alternative airway management devices used by healthcare professionals with different level of pre-existing skills: a manikin study. Anaesthesia 2009;64:549-54.
    • (2009) Anaesthesia , vol.64 , pp. 549-554
    • Wahlen, B.M.1    Roewer, N.2    Lange, M.3
  • 48
    • 33748300539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway management by paramedics using endotracheal intubation with a laryngoscope versus the oesophageal tracheal Combitube and EasyTube on manikins: A randomised experimental trial
    • Bollig G, Lovhaug SW, Sagen O, et al. Airway management by paramedics using endotracheal intubation with a laryngoscope versus the oesophageal tracheal Combitube and EasyTube on manikins: a randomised experimental trial. Resuscitation 2006;71:107-11.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.71 , pp. 107-111
    • Bollig, G.1    Lovhaug, S.W.2    Sagen, O.3
  • 49
    • 33846045185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the type of out-of-hospital airway interfere with other cardiopulmonary resuscitation tasks?
    • Abo BN, Hostler D, Wang HE. Does the type of out-of-hospital airway interfere with other cardiopulmonary resuscitation tasks? Resuscitation 2007;72:234-9.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.72 , pp. 234-239
    • Abo, B.N.1    Hostler, D.2    Wang, H.E.3
  • 50
    • 12344275881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Securing the prehospital airway: A comparison of laryngeal mask insertion and endotracheal intubation by UK paramedics
    • Deakin CD, Peters R, Tomlinson P, et al. Securing the prehospital airway: a comparison of laryngeal mask insertion and endotracheal intubation by UK paramedics. Emerg Med J 2005;22:64-7.
    • (2005) Emerg Med J , vol.22 , pp. 64-67
    • Deakin, C.D.1    Peters, R.2    Tomlinson, P.3
  • 51
    • 0027960560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baskett PJ. The laryngeal mask in resuscitation. Resuscitation 1994;28:93e5.
    • Baskett PJ. The laryngeal mask in resuscitation. Resuscitation 1994;28:93e5.
  • 52
    • 0028157794 scopus 로고
    • The use of the laryngeal mask airway by nurses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Results of a multicentre trial
    • Stone BJ, Leach AB, Alexander CA, et al. The use of the laryngeal mask airway by nurses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Results of a multicentre trial. Anaesthesia 1994;49:3-7.
    • (1994) Anaesthesia , vol.49 , pp. 3-7
    • Stone, B.J.1    Leach, A.B.2    Alexander, C.A.3
  • 53
    • 0030622475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PTL, Combitube, laryngeal mask, and oral airway: A randomized prehospital comparative study of ventilatory device effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in 470 cases of cardiorespiratory arrest
    • Rumball CJ, MacDonald D. The PTL, Combitube, laryngeal mask, and oral airway: a randomized prehospital comparative study of ventilatory device effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in 470 cases of cardiorespiratory arrest. Prehosp Emerg Care 1997;1:1-10.
    • (1997) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Rumball, C.J.1    MacDonald, D.2
  • 54
    • 0032043889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choice of airway devices for 12,020 cases of nontraumatic cardiac arrest in Japan
    • Tanigawa K, Shigematsu A. Choice of airway devices for 12,020 cases of nontraumatic cardiac arrest in Japan. Prehosp Emerg Care 1998;2:96-100.
    • (1998) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.2 , pp. 96-100
    • Tanigawa, K.1    Shigematsu, A.2
  • 55
    • 0036155120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the esophageal tracheal combitube by basic emergency medical technicians
    • Lefrancois DP, Dufour DG. Use of the esophageal tracheal combitube by basic emergency medical technicians. Resuscitation 2002;52:77-83.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.52 , pp. 77-83
    • Lefrancois, D.P.1    Dufour, D.G.2
  • 56
    • 33947719191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications associated with the Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube in the pre-hospital setting
    • Vezina MC, Trepanier CA, Nicole PC, et al. Complications associated with the Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube in the pre-hospital setting. Can J Anaesth 2007;54:124-8.
    • (2007) Can J Anaesth , vol.54 , pp. 124-128
    • Vezina, M.C.1    Trepanier, C.A.2    Nicole, P.C.3
  • 57
    • 33746095464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success and complication rates with prehospital placement of an esophageal-tracheal combitube as a rescue airway
    • Calkins TR, Miller K, Langdorf MI. Success and complication rates with prehospital placement of an esophageal-tracheal combitube as a rescue airway. Prehospital Disaster Med 2006;21:97-100.
    • (2006) Prehospital Disaster Med , vol.21 , pp. 97-100
    • Calkins, T.R.1    Miller, K.2    Langdorf, M.I.3
  • 58
    • 21544445586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of laryngeal tube by nurses in out-ofhospital emergencies: Preliminary experience
    • Kette F, Reffo I, Giordani G, et al. The use of laryngeal tube by nurses in out-ofhospital emergencies: preliminary experience. Resuscitation 2005;66:21-5.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.66 , pp. 21-25
    • Kette, F.1    Reffo, I.2    Giordani, G.3
  • 59
    • 0037383770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the laryngeal tube during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by paramedical staff
    • Asai T, Moriyama S, Nishita Y, et al. Use of the laryngeal tube during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by paramedical staff. Anaesthesia 2003;58:393-4.
    • (2003) Anaesthesia , vol.58 , pp. 393-394
    • Asai, T.1    Moriyama, S.2    Nishita, Y.3
  • 60
    • 0036176297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the laryngeal tube for out-of-hospital resuscitation
    • Genzwuerker HV, Dhonau S, Ellinger K. Use of the laryngeal tube for out-of-hospital resuscitation. Resuscitation 2002;52:221-4.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.52 , pp. 221-224
    • Genzwuerker, H.V.1    Dhonau, S.2    Ellinger, K.3
  • 61
    • 58149349966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of the laryngeal tube disposable (LT-D) by paramedics during out-of-hospital resuscitation-an observational study concerning ERC guidelines 2005
    • Wiese CH, Semmel T, Muller JU, et al. The use of the laryngeal tube disposable (LT-D) by paramedics during out-of-hospital resuscitation-an observational study concerning ERC guidelines 2005. Resuscitation 2009;80:194-8.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 194-198
    • Wiese, C.H.1    Semmel, T.2    Muller, J.U.3
  • 62
    • 34547887992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intubating laryngeal mask airway for difficult out-of-hospital airway management: A prospective evaluation
    • Timmermann A, Russo SG, Rosenblatt WH, et al. Intubating laryngeal mask airway for difficult out-of-hospital airway management: a prospective evaluation. Br J Anaesth 2007;99:286-91.
    • (2007) Br J Anaesth , vol.99 , pp. 286-291
    • Timmermann, A.1    Russo, S.G.2    Rosenblatt, W.H.3
  • 63
    • 39749142211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the intubating laryngeal mask airway in emergency pre-hospital difficult intubation
    • Tentillier E, Heydenreich C, Cros AM, et al. Use of the intubating laryngeal mask airway in emergency pre-hospital difficult intubation. Resuscitation 2007;77:30-34.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.77 , pp. 30-34
    • Tentillier, E.1    Heydenreich, C.2    Cros, A.M.3
  • 64
    • 39849086359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding field airway management problems
    • Herff H, Wenzel V, Dorges V. Avoiding field airway management problems. Resuscitation 2007;77(1):4.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 4
    • Herff, H.1    Wenzel, V.2    Dorges, V.3
  • 65
    • 34250020474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The I-gel supraglottic airway and resuscitationesome initial thoughts
    • Soar J. The I-gel supraglottic airway and resuscitationesome initial thoughts. Resuscitation 2007;74:197.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.74 , pp. 197
    • Soar, J.1
  • 66
    • 40949105091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chest compressions on the time taken to insert airway devices in a manikin
    • Gatward JJ, Thomas MJ, Nolan JP, et al. Effect of chest compressions on the time taken to insert airway devices in a manikin. Br J Anaesth 2008;100:351-6.
    • (2008) Br J Anaesth , vol.100 , pp. 351-356
    • Gatward, J.J.1    Thomas, M.J.2    Nolan, J.P.3
  • 67
    • 33947654834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of four airway training manikins as patient simulators for the insertion of eight types of supraglottic airway devices
    • Jackson KM, Cook TM. Evaluation of four airway training manikins as patient simulators for the insertion of eight types of supraglottic airway devices. Anaesthesia 2007;62:388-93.
    • (2007) Anaesthesia , vol.62 , pp. 388-393
    • Jackson, K.M.1    Cook, T.M.2
  • 68
    • 51349155510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the size 4 I-gel airway in one hundred non-paralysed patients
    • Gatward JJ, Cook TM, Seller C, et al. Evaluation of the size 4 I-gel airway in one hundred non-paralysed patients. Anaesthesia 2008;63:1124-30.
    • (2008) Anaesthesia , vol.63 , pp. 1124-1130
    • Gatward, J.J.1    Cook, T.M.2    Seller, C.3
  • 69
    • 33847369136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The iGEL supraglottic airway: A potential role for resuscitation?
    • Gabbott DA, Beringer R. The iGEL supraglottic airway: a potential role for resuscitation? Resuscitation 2007;73:161-2.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.73 , pp. 161-162
    • Gabbott, D.A.1    Beringer, R.2
  • 70
    • 0042329318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of laryngeal tube with classic laryngeal mask airway for anaesthesia with controlled ventilation
    • Cook TM, McCormick B, Asai T. Randomized comparison of laryngeal tube with classic laryngeal mask airway for anaesthesia with controlled ventilation. Br J Anaesth 2003;91:373-8.
    • (2003) Br J Anaesth , vol.91 , pp. 373-378
    • Cook, T.M.1    McCormick, B.2    Asai, T.3
  • 71
    • 0242467651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized crossover comparison of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway with the Laryngeal Tube during anaesthesia with controlled ventilation
    • Cook TM, McKinstry C, Hardy R, et al. Randomized crossover comparison of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway with the Laryngeal Tube during anaesthesia with controlled ventilation. Br J Anaesth 2003;91:678-83.
    • (2003) Br J Anaesth , vol.91 , pp. 678-683
    • Cook, T.M.1    McKinstry, C.2    Hardy, R.3
  • 72
    • 26444598306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ProSeal laryngeal mask airway: A review of the literature
    • Cook TM, Lee G, Nolan JP. The ProSeal laryngeal mask airway: a review of the literature. Can J Anaesth 2005;52:739-60.
    • (2005) Can J Anaesth , vol.52 , pp. 739-760
    • Cook, T.M.1    Lee, G.2    Nolan, J.P.3
  • 73
    • 66049086029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the LMA Supreme in 100 non-paralysed patients
    • Cook TM, Gatward JJ, Handel J, et al. Evaluation of the LMA Supreme in 100 non-paralysed patients. Anaesthesia 2009;64:555- 62.
    • (2009) Anaesthesia , vol.64 , pp. 555-562
    • Cook, T.M.1    Gatward, J.J.2    Handel, J.3
  • 74
    • 61549088467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective clinical and fiberoptic evaluation of the Supreme laryngeal mask airway
    • Timmermann A, Cremer S, Eich C, et al. Prospective clinical and fiberoptic evaluation of the Supreme laryngeal mask airway. Anesthesiology 2009;110:262-5.
    • (2009) Anesthesiology , vol.110 , pp. 262-265
    • Timmermann, A.1    Cremer, S.2    Eich, C.3
  • 75
    • 0027239954 scopus 로고
    • Orotracheal intubation in patients with potential cervical spine injuries. An indication for the gum elastic bougie
    • Nolan JP, Wilson ME. Orotracheal intubation in patients with potential cervical spine injuries. An indication for the gum elastic bougie. Anaesthesia 1993;48:630-3.
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 630-633
    • Nolan, J.P.1    Wilson, M.E.2
  • 76
    • 0026668053 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the gum elastic bougie. Intubation times and incidence of sore throat
    • Nolan JP, Wilson ME. An evaluation of the gum elastic bougie. Intubation times and incidence of sore throat. Anaesthesia 1992;47:878-81.
    • (1992) Anaesthesia , vol.47 , pp. 878-881
    • Nolan, J.P.1    Wilson, M.E.2
  • 77
    • 0029829842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated difficult intubation. Comparison of the gum elastic bougie and the stylet
    • Gataure PS, Vaughan RS, Latto IP. Simulated difficult intubation. Comparison of the gum elastic bougie and the stylet. Anaesthesia 1996;51:935-8.
    • (1996) Anaesthesia , vol.51 , pp. 935-938
    • Gataure, P.S.1    Vaughan, R.S.2    Latto, I.P.3
  • 78
    • 0041733352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To shape or not to shape. Simulated bougie-assisted difficult intubation in a manikin
    • Hodzovic I, Wilkes AR, Latto IP. To shape or not to shape. Simulated bougie-assisted difficult intubation in a manikin. Anaesthesia 2003;58:792-7.
    • (2003) Anaesthesia , vol.58 , pp. 792-797
    • Hodzovic, I.1    Wilkes, A.R.2    Latto, I.P.3
  • 79
    • 31144449606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing emergency intubation in the pre-hospital settingda multicentre study in the German Helicopter Emergency Medical Service
    • Helm M, Hossfeld B, Schafer S, et al. Factors influencing emergency intubation in the pre-hospital settingda multicentre study in the German Helicopter Emergency Medical Service. Br J Anaesth 2006;96:67-71.
    • (2006) Br J Anaesth , vol.96 , pp. 67-71
    • Helm, M.1    Hossfeld, B.2    Schafer, S.3
  • 80
    • 77949888560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pitt K, Woollard M. Should paramedics bougie on down? Pre-Hosp Immed Care 2000;4:68e70.
    • Pitt K, Woollard M. Should paramedics bougie on down? Pre-Hosp Immed Care 2000;4:68e70.
  • 81
    • 7244221632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital airway management in ambulance services in the United Kingdom
    • Ridgway S, Hodzovic I, Woollard M, et al. Prehospital airway management in ambulance services in the United Kingdom. Anaesthesia 2004;59:1091-4.
    • (2004) Anaesthesia , vol.59 , pp. 1091-1094
    • Ridgway, S.1    Hodzovic, I.2    Woollard, M.3
  • 82
    • 37549028855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of carbon dioxide in expired air after oesophageal intubation; the role of bystander mouth-to-mouth ventilation
    • Kramer-Johansen J, Dorph E, Steen PA. Detection of carbon dioxide in expired air after oesophageal intubation; the role of bystander mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008;52:155-7.
    • (2008) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.52 , pp. 155-157
    • Kramer-Johansen, J.1    Dorph, E.2    Steen, P.A.3
  • 83
    • 0035099882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capnography alone is imperfect for endotracheal tube placement confirmation during emergency intubation
    • Li J. Capnography alone is imperfect for endotracheal tube placement confirmation during emergency intubation. J Emerg Med 2001;20:223-9.
    • (2001) J Emerg Med , vol.20 , pp. 223-229
    • Li, J.1
  • 84
    • 28444447937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 4: Advanced life support
    • Anon
    • Anon. 2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 4: Advanced life support. Resuscitation 2005;67:213-47.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.2005 , Issue.67 , pp. 213-247


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.