The residual of the energy balance closure and its influence on the results of three SVAT models

Meteorologische Zeitschrift

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 647-661

  Kracher, Daniela ^a,b   Mengelkamp, Heinz Theo ^c   Foken, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

^b KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^c INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVAILABLE ENERGY; EARTH'S SURFACE; ENERGY BALANCE EQUATIONS; KNOW-HOW; LITFASS-2003; MEASURED DATA; MEASURING METHOD; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORIES; MODEL SIMULATION; OPTIMIZED PARAMETER; PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION; PARAMETER SET; SENSIBLE AND LATENT HEAT FLUXES; SITE CHARACTERISTICS; SOIL HEAT FLUX; SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SURFACE VEGETATION; SVAT MODEL; TURBULENT FLUX; TURBULENT HEAT FLUXES;

HEAT FLUX; STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION; SURFACE CHEMISTRY; SURFACE TENSION;

ENERGY BALANCE;

CLOSURE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY BALANCE; LATENT HEAT FLUX; NUMERICAL MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER;

GEESTHACHT; GERMANY; SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN;

EID: 77949645296     PISSN: 09412948     EISSN: 16101227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0412     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. AG BODEN, 1994: Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung, 4. Auflage. - Hannover, 392 pp.
2. ALTMAN, P.L., D.S. DLTTMER, 1966: Environmental Biology. - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, Maryland, 694 pp.
3. AUBINET, M., A. GRELLE, A. IBROM, Ü. RANNIK, J. MONCRIEFF, T. FOKEN, A.S. KOWALSKI, P.H. MARTIN, P. BERBIGIER, C. BERNHOFER, R. CLEMENT, J. ELBERS, A. GRANIER, T. GRÜNWALD, K. MORGENSTERN, K. PLLEGAARD, C. REBMANN, W. SNIJDERS, R. VALENTINI, T. VESALA, 2000: Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: The EUROFLUX methodology. - Advan. Ecol. Res. 30, 113-175.
4. BEYRICH, F., H.-T. MENGELKAMP, 2006: Evaporation over a heterogeneous land surface: EVA.GRIPS and the LITFASS-2003 experiment - an overview. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 121, 5-32.
5. BEYRICH, F., J.-P. LEPS, M. MAUDER, U. BANGE, T. FOKEN, S. HUNEKE, H. LOHSE, A. LÜDI, W. M. L. MEIJNINGER, D. MIRONOV, U. WEISENSEE, P. ZITTEL, 2006: Area-averaged surface fluxes over the LITFASS region on eddy-covariance measurements. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 121, 33-65.
6. BRAUD, I., A.C. DANTAS-ANTONIO, M. VAUCLIN, J.L. THONY, P. RUELLE, 1995: A simple soil-plant-atmosphere transfer model (SiSPAT) development and field verification. - J. Hydrol. 166, 213-250.
7. CLAPP, R.B., G.M. HORNBERGER, 1978: Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic properties. - Water Resour. Res. 14, 601-604.
8. COSBY, B.J., G.M. HORNBERGER, R.B. CLAPP, T.R. GLNN, 1984: A statistical exploration of the relationship of soil moisture characteristics to the physical properties of soil. - Water Resour. Res. 20, 682-690.
9. CULF, A.D., T. FOKEN, J.H.C. GASH, 2004: The energy balance closure problem. - In: KABAT, P., M. CLAUSSEN, P.A. DIRMEYER, J.H. C. GASH, L.B. DE GUENNI, H. MEYBECK, R.A. PIELKE SR., C. VÖRÖ SMARTY, R.W.A. HUTJES, S. LÜTKEMEIER (Eds.): Vegetation, water, humans and the climate. A new perspective on an interactive system. - Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
10. DUAN, Q., S. SOROOSHIAN, V.K. GUPTA, 1992: Effective and efficient global optimization for conceptual rainfallrunoff models. - Water Resour. Res. 28, 1015-1031.
11. -, 1994: Optimal use of the SCE-UA global optimization method for calibrating watershed models. - J. Hydrol. 158, 265-284.
12. DUGAS, W.A., L.J. FRITSCHEN, J.W. GAY, A.A. HELD, A.D. MATTHIAS, D.C. REICOSKY, P. STEDUTO, J.L. STEINER, 1991: Bowen ratio, eddy correlation and portable chamber measurements of sensible and latent heat flux over irrigated spring wheat. - Agrie. Forest Meteor. 56, 1-20.
13. ELAGINA, L. G., S.L. ZUBKOVSKII, B.M. KAPROV, D.Y. SOKOLOV, 1973: Experimental investigations of the energy balance near the surface. - Trudy Glavny Geofiziceskij Observatorii 296, 38-45.
14. FOKEN, T., 1990: Probleme bei der Bestimmung vertikaler turbulenter Feuchte-Transporte im Rahmen von ISLSCPExperimenten (Ergebnisse von KUREX-88 und TARTEX90). - Proceedings der Ersten Deutsch-Deutschen Klimatagung, Berlin, 8 pp.
15. -, 1998: Die scheinbar ungeschlossene Energiebilanz am Erdboden - eine Herausforderung an die Experimentelle Meteorologie. - Sitzungsberichte der Leibniz-Sozietät 24, 131-150.
16. -, 2008 : The energy balance closure problem - An overview. - Ecological Applications 18, 1351-1367.
17. FOKEN, T., S. ONCLEY, 1995: Results of the workshop 'Instrumental and Methodical Problems of Land Surface Flux Measurements'. - Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 76, 1191-1193.
18. FOKEN, T., F. WIMMER, M. MAUDER, C. THOMAS, C. LIEBETHAL, 2006: Some aspects of the energy balance closure problem. - Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 4395-4402.
19. FOKEN, T., M. MAUDER, C. LIEBETHAL, F. WIMMER, J.P. LEPS F. BEYRICH, S. RAASCH, H.A.R. DEBRUIN, W.M.L. MEIJNINGER, J. BANGE, 2009: Energy balance closure for the LITFASS-2003 experiment. - Theor. Appl. Climatol., published online, DOI:10.1007/s00704-009-0216-8.
20. GEIGER, R., R.H., ARON, P. RODHUNTER, 1995: The climate near the ground. - Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsges. GmbH, Braunschweig, Wiesbaden, 528 pp.
21. 2 : The evidence and impact of feedbacks on transpiration in two 1-D soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer models. - Agric. Forest Meteor. 106, 1-21.
22. HARTGE, K.H., R. HORN, 1999: Einführung in die Bodenphysik. - Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 304 pp.
23. HENDERSON-SELLERS, A., A.J. PITMAN, P.K. LOVE, P. IRANNEJAD, T. CHEN, 1995: The Project of Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterisation Schemes (PILPS) Phases 2 and 3. - Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 76, 489-503.
24. INAGAKI, A., M.O. LETZEL, S. RAASCH, M. KANDA, 2006: Impact of surface heterogeneity on energy balance: A study using LES. - J. Meteor. Soc. Japan 84, 187-198.
25. JACOB, D., R. PODZUN, 1997: Sensitivity Studies with the regional climate model REMO. - Meteor. Atmos. Phys. 63, 119-129.
26. JOHNSEN, K.-P., S. HUNEKE, H.-T. MENGELKAMP, 2006: Multi-objective calibration of the land surface scheme TERRA/LM using LITFASS-2003 data. - Hydrol. Earth Sys. Sci. 9, 586-595.
27. KANDA, M., A. INAGAKI, M.O. LETZEL, S. RAASCH, T. WATANABE, 2004: LES study of the energy imbalance problem with eddy covariance fluxes. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 110, 381-404.
28. KOHSIEK, W., C. LIEBETHAL, T. FOKEN, R. VOGT, S.P. ONCLEY, CH. BERNHOFER, H.A.R. DEBRUIN, 2007: The Energy Balance Experiment EBEX-2000. Part III: Behaviour and quality of the radiation measurements. Bound.-Layer Meteor. 123, 55-75.
29. KOITZSCH, R., M. DZINGEL, T. FOKEN, G. MÜCKET, 1988: Probleme der experimentellen Erfassung des Energieaustausches über Winterweizen. - Z. Meteorol. 38, 150-155.
30. LARCHER, W., 1994: Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen. - Verlag Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co, Stuttgart, 394 pp.
31. LAUBACH, J., U. TEICHMANN, 1996: Measuring energy budget components by eddy correlation: data corrections and application over low vegetation. - Contribution to Atmospheric Physics 69, 307-320.
32. LI, E.A., VO. SHANHOLTZ, E.W. CARSON, 1976: Estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity and capillary potential at the wetting front. - Dep. of Agr. Eng., Va. Polytech. Inst. And State Univ., Blacksburg.
33. LIEBETHAL, C., T. FOKEN, 2007: Evaluation of six parameterization approaches for the ground heat flux. - Theor. Appl. Climatol. 88, 43-56.
34. LIEBETHAL, C., B. HUWE, T. FOKEN, 2005: Sensitivity analysis for two ground heat flux calculation approaches. - Agric. Forest Meteor. 132, 253-262.
35. Louis, J.F., 1979: A parametric model of vertical fluxes in the atmosphere. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 17, 187-202.
36. Louis, J. F., M. TIEDTKE, J.F. GELEYN, 1982: A short history of the PBL parametrization at ECMWF. - Workshop on Boundary Layer parametrization, Reading, ECMWF, 59-79.
37. MAUDER, M., T. FOKEN, 2006: Impact of post-field data processing on eddy covariance flux estimates and energy balance closure. - Meteorol. Z. 15, 597-609.
38. MAUDER, M., C. LIEBETHAL, M. GÖCKEDE, J.-P. LEPS, F. BEYRICH, T. FOKEN, 2006: Processing and quality control of flux data during LITFASS-2003. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 121, 67-88.
39. MAUDER, M., R.L. DESJARDINS, J. I. MACPHERSON, 2007: Scale analysis of airborne flux measurements over heterogeneous terrain in a boreal ecosystem. - J. Geophys. Res. 112, D13112, DOI;10.1029/2006JD008133.
40. MAUDER, M., O.O. JEGEDE, E.C. OKOGBUE, F. WIMMER, T. FOKEN, 2007a: Surface energy balance measurements at a tropical site in West Africa during the transition from dry to wet season. - Theor. Appl. Climatol. 89, 171-183.
41. MELLANDER, P.E., M. STAHLI, D. GUSTAFSSON, K. BISHOP, 2006: Modelling the effect of low soil temperatures on transpiration by Scots pine. - Hydrol. Proc. 20, 1929-1944.
42. MENGELKAMP, H.-T., K., WARRACH, E., RASCHKE, 1999: SEWAB - a parameterization of the Surface Energy and Water Balance for atmospheric and hydrologie models. - Adv. Water Res. 23, 165-175.
43. MENGELKAMP, H.-T., J. SUTMOLLER, T. ZHAO, 2002: Runoff simulation in the upper Oder catchment during the flooding event 1997 with a coupled atmospheric/ hydrological model. - Environmental change and Water Sustainability, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Zaragoza, 141-150.
44. MONTEITH, J.L., 1976: Vegetation and the Atmosphere Vol.2: Case Studies. - Academic Press, 439 pp.
45. NOILHAN, J., J.-F. MAHFOUF, 1996: The ISBA land surface parameterisation scheme. - Global and Planetary Change 13, 145-159.
46. NOILHAN, J., S. PLANTON, 1989: A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models. Mon. Wea. Rev. 117, 536-549.
47. NOVÁK, V., T. HURTALOVÁ, F. MATEJKA, 2005: Predicting the effects of soil water content and soil water potential on transpiration of maize. - Agricult. Water Manag. 76, 211-223.
48. ORLENKO, L.R., S.I. LEGOTINA, 1973: Heat balance at the unterlying surface in the KENEKS-71 experiment. - Tr. Gl. Geofiz. Observ. 296, 46-56.
49. RUPPERT, J., C. THOMAS, T. FOKEN, 2006: Scalar similarity for relaxed eddy accumulation methods. - Bound.Layer Meteor. 120, 39-63.
50. RUSTAD, L.E., I.J. FERNANDEZ, 1998: Experimental soil warming effects on CO2 and CH4 flux from a low elevation spruce-fir forest soil in Maine, USA. - Global Change Bio. 4, 597-605.
51. SCHAAKE, J.C., 2003: Calibration of watershed Models, Introduction. - Water Sci. Application 6, American Geophysical Union, (10/1029/006WS01), 1-7.
52. SCHEFFER, F., P. SCHACHTSCHABEL, 2002: Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. - Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 593 pp
53. SCHROEDER, D., 1992: Bodenkunde in Sticcworten, 5. Auflage. - Verlag Ferdinand Hirt AG in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, Stuttgart, 175 pp.
54. SELLERS, P.J., 1985: Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis, and transpiration. - Int. J. Rem. Sens. 6, 1335-1372.
55. STEINFELD, G., M.O. LETZEL, S. RAASCH, M. KANDA, A. INAGAKI, 2007: Spatial representativeness of single tower measurements and the imbalance problem with eddycovariance fluxes: results of a large-eddy simulation study. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 123, 77-98.
56. STEPPELER, J., G. DOMS, U. SCHATTLER, H. W. BITZER, A. GASSMANN, U. DAMRATH, G. GREGORIC, 2003: Meso-gamma scale forecasts using the nonhydrostatic model LM. - Meteor. Atmos. Phys. 82, 75-96.
57. TSVANG, L.R., M.M. FEDOROV, B.A. KADER, S.L. ZUBKOVSKII, T. FOKEN, S.H. RICHTER, J. ZELENY, 1991: Turbulent exchange over a surface with chessboardtype inhomogenities. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 55, 141-160.
58. TWINE, T.E., W.P. KUSTAS, J.M. NORMAN, D.R. COOK, P.R. HOUSER, T.P. MEYERS, J.H. PRUEGER, P.J. STARKS, M.L. WESELY, 2000: Correcting eddycovariance flux underestimates over a grassland. - Agric. Forest Meteor. 103, 279-300.
59. VRUGT, J A., H.V. GUPTA, L.A. BASTIDAS, W. BOUTEN, S. SOROOSHIAN, 2003: Effective and efficient algorithm for multiobjective optimization of hydrologie models. - Water Resour. Res. 39, 1214, DOI: 10.1029/2002WR001746.
60. WANG, C.K., J.Y. YANG, Q.Z. ZHANG, 2006: Soil respiration in six temperate forests in China. - Global Change Bio. 12, 2103-2114.
61. WARRACH, K., M. STIEGLITZ, H.-T. MENGELKAMP, E. RASCHKE, 2002: Advantages of a topographically controlled runoff simulation in a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer Model. - J. Hydrometeor. 3, 131-148.
62. WILSON, K.B., A.H. GOLDSTEIN, E. FALGE, M. AUBINET, D. BALDOCCHI, P. BERBIGIER, C. BERNHOFER, R. CEULEMANS, H. DOLMAN, C. FIELD, A. GRELLE, B. LAW, T. MEYERS, J. MONCRIEFF, R. MONSON, W. OECHEL, J. TENHUNEN, R. VALENTINI, S. VERMA, 2002: Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites. - Agric. Forest Meteor. 113, 223-234.