메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 354-367

Quantifying lateral root reinforcement in steep slopes - from a bundle of roots to tree stands

Author keywords

Fiber bundle model; Root distribution; Root reinforcement; Shallow landslides; Spruce

Indexed keywords

DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; FIBER BUNDLE MODELS; HILLSLOPES; INDIVIDUAL TREE; LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; LATERAL REINFORCEMENT; LATERAL ROOTS; MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL REINFORCEMENT; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; PLANT-SOIL INTERACTIONS; POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS; PROTECTION FORESTS; RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED; ROOT DIAMETERS; ROOT DISTRIBUTION; ROOT REINFORCEMENT; ROOT SURFACES; ROOT SYSTEM; SHALLOW LANDSLIDE; SILVICULTURAL MEASURE; SOIL MASS; SOIL PARAMETERS; SOIL TYPES; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; STEEP SLOPE; STRENGTH DISTRIBUTION; STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS; TREE ROOT; TREE STANDS; UPSCALING;

EID: 77949611830     PISSN: 01979337     EISSN: 10969837     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/esp.1927     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (230)

References (115)
  • 1
    • 17744383195 scopus 로고
    • Simulation model for the distribution of tree roots - application to a slope stability model
    • Abe K, Iwamoto M. 1990. Simulation model for the distribution of tree roots - application to a slope stability model. Japanese Forestry Society 72: 375-387.
    • (1990) Japanese Forestry Society , vol.72 , pp. 375-387
    • Abe, K.1    Iwamoto, M.2
  • 2
    • 0026286243 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tree roots on a shear zone: Modelling reinforced shear stress
    • Abe K, Ziemer RR. 1991. Effects of tree roots on a shear zone: modelling reinforced shear stress. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21: 1012-1019.
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.21 , pp. 1012-1019
    • Abe, K.1    Ziemer, R.R.2
  • 3
    • 0035098229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and strength of riparian tree roots in relation to riverbank reinforcement
    • Abernethy B, Rutherfurd AI. 2001. The distribution and strength of riparian tree roots in relation to riverbank reinforcement. Hydrological Processes 15: 63-79.
    • (2001) Hydrological Processes , vol.15 , pp. 63-79
    • Abernethy, B.1    Rutherfurd, A.I.2
  • 4
    • 43049181914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rooting patterns and fine root biomass of Pinus pinaster assessed by trench wall and core methods
    • Achat DL, Bakker MR, Trichet P. 2008. Rooting patterns and fine root biomass of Pinus pinaster assessed by trench wall and core methods. Journal of Forest Research 13: 165-175.
    • (2008) Journal of Forest Research , vol.13 , pp. 165-175
    • Achat, D.L.1    Bakker, M.R.2    Trichet, P.3
  • 5
    • 44249095666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and production of a short-rotation coppice culture of poplar-IV: Fine root characteristics of five poplar clones
    • Al Alfa N, Marron N, Cavalloni C, Ceulemans R. 2008. Growth and production of a short-rotation coppice culture of poplar-IV: fine root characteristics of five poplar clones. Biomass and Bioenergy 32: 494-502.
    • (2008) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.32 , pp. 494-502
    • Al Alfa, N.1    Marron, N.2    Cavalloni, C.3    Ceulemans, R.4
  • 6
    • 14644417257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach for modelling the mean fine-root biomass of Norway spruce stands
    • Ammer C, Wagner S. 2005. An approach for modelling the mean fine-root biomass of Norway spruce stands. Trees 19: 145-153.
    • (2005) Trees , vol.19 , pp. 145-153
    • Ammer, C.1    Wagner, S.2
  • 8
    • 0035658967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical distribution and seasonal changes of fine and coarse root mass in Pinus kesiya Royle Ex. Gordon forest of three different ages
    • Babu J, Pandey HN, Tripathi RS. 2001. Vertical distribution and seasonal changes of fine and coarse root mass in Pinus kesiya Royle Ex. Gordon forest of three different ages. Acta Oecologica 22: 293-300.
    • (2001) Acta Oecologica , vol.22 , pp. 293-300
    • Babu, J.1    Pandey, H.N.2    Tripathi, R.S.3
  • 9
    • 33846374317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the impact of forest loss on shallow landslide sediment yield, Ijuez river catchment, Spanish Pyrenees
    • Bathurst JC, Moretti G, El-Hames A, Begueria S, Garcia-Ruiz JM. 2007. Modelling the impact of forest loss on shallow landslide sediment yield, Ijuez river catchment, Spanish Pyrenees. Hydrology and Earth System Science 11(1): 569-583.
    • (2007) Hydrology and Earth System Science , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 569-583
    • Bathurst, J.C.1    Moretti, G.2    El-Hames, A.3    Begueria, S.4    Garcia-Ruiz, J.M.5
  • 10
    • 0000153730 scopus 로고
    • The study of tree fine root distribution and dynamics using a combined trench and observation window method
    • Bedeneau M, Auclair D. 1989. The study of tree fine root distribution and dynamics using a combined trench and observation window method. Annalls Science Forests 46: 283-290.
    • (1989) Annalls Science Forests , vol.46 , pp. 283-290
    • Bedeneau, M.1    Auclair, D.2
  • 12
    • 45249124326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand age and fine root biomass, distribution and morphology in a Norway spruce chronosequence in southeast Norway
    • Borja I, De Wit HA, Steffenrem A, Majdi H. 2008. Stand age and fine root biomass, distribution and morphology in a Norway spruce chronosequence in southeast Norway. Tree Physiology 28: 773-784.
    • (2008) Tree Physiology , vol.28 , pp. 773-784
    • Borja, I.1    de Wit, H.A.2    Steffenrem, A.3    Majdi, H.4
  • 13
    • 0028161491 scopus 로고
    • The effect of neighbors on root distribution in a Creosotebush (Larrea tridentate) population
    • Brisson J, Reynolds JF. 1994. The effect of neighbors on root distribution in a Creosotebush (Larrea tridentate) population. Ecology 75: 1693-1702.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1693-1702
    • Brisson, J.1    Reynolds, J.F.2
  • 15
    • 0345659246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining a plant's below- ground zone of influence
    • Casper BB, Schenk HJ, Jackson RB. 2003. Defining a plant's below- ground zone of influence. Ecology 84: 2313-2321.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2313-2321
    • Casper, B.B.1    Schenk, H.J.2    Jackson, R.B.3
  • 16
    • 41049086319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scots pine root distribution derived from radial sap flow patterns in stems of large leaning trees
    • Cermak J, Nadezhdina N, Meiresonne L, Ceulemans R. 2008. Scots pine root distribution derived from radial sap flow patterns in stems of large leaning trees. Plant and Soil 305: 61-75.
    • (2008) Plant and Soil , vol.305 , pp. 61-75
    • Cermak, J.1    Nadezhdina, N.2    Meiresonne, L.3    Ceulemans, R.4
  • 18
    • 0037509845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of root morphological parameters and root architecture in seedlings of Fraxinus ornus L. und Spartium junceum L. growing on slopes
    • Chiatante D, Sarnataro M, Fusco S, Di Iorio A, Scippa GS. 2003b. Modification of root morphological parameters and root architecture in seedlings of Fraxinus ornus L. und Spartium junceum L. growing on slopes. Plant Biosystems 137(1): 47-56.
    • (2003) Plant Biosystems , vol.137 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-56
    • Chiatante, D.1    Sarnataro, M.2    Fusco, S.3    Di Iorio, A.4    Scippa, G.S.5
  • 20
    • 32544433163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root system development of oak seedlings analysed using an architectural model: Effects of competition with grass
    • Collet C, Löf M, Pages L. 2006. Root system development of oak seedlings analysed using an architectural model: effects of competition with grass. Plant and Soil 279: 367-383.
    • (2006) Plant and Soil , vol.279 , pp. 367-383
    • Collet, C.1    Löf, M.2    Pages, L.3
  • 22
    • 0001738573 scopus 로고
    • Root architecture and tree stability
    • Coutts MP. 1983. Root architecture and tree stability. Plant and Soil 71: 171-188.
    • (1983) Plant and Soil , vol.71 , pp. 171-188
    • Coutts, M.P.1
  • 23
    • 0000814941 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the direction of growth of tree roots
    • Coutts MP. 1989. Factors affecting the direction of growth of tree roots. Annals Science Forests 46: 277-287.
    • (1989) Annals Science Forests , vol.46 , pp. 277-287
    • Coutts, M.P.1
  • 25
    • 31444448237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root architecture and wind- firmness of mature Pinus Pinaster
    • Danjon F, Fourcaud T, Bert D. 2005. Root architecture and wind- firmness of mature Pinus Pinaster. New Phytologist 168: 387-400.
    • (2005) New Phytologist , vol.168 , pp. 387-400
    • Danjon, F.1    Fourcaud, T.2    Bert, D.3
  • 26
    • 48249115519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using three- dimensional plant root architecture in models of shallow-slope stability
    • Danjon F, Barker DH, Drexhage M, Stokes A. 2008. Using three- dimensional plant root architecture in models of shallow-slope stability. Annals of Botany 101: 1281-1293.
    • (2008) Annals of Botany , vol.101 , pp. 1281-1293
    • Danjon, F.1    Barker, D.H.2    Drexhage, M.3    Stokes, A.4
  • 27
    • 38749146477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing and analysing 3D architecture of woody root systems, a review of methods and applications in tree and soil stability, resource acquisition and allocation
    • Danjon F, Reubens B. 2008. Assessing and analysing 3D architecture of woody root systems, a review of methods and applications in tree and soil stability, resource acquisition and allocation. Plant and Soil 303: 1-34.
    • (2008) Plant and Soil , vol.303 , pp. 1-34
    • Danjon, F.1    Reubens, B.2
  • 28
    • 41049110007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root tensile strength and root distribution of typical Mediterranean plant species and their contribution to soil shear strength
    • De Beats S, Poesen J, Reubens B, Wemans K, De Baerdemaeker J, Muys B. 2008. Root tensile strength and root distribution of typical Mediterranean plant species and their contribution to soil shear strength. Plant and Soil 305: 207-226.
    • (2008) Plant and Soil , vol.305 , pp. 207-226
    • de Beats, S.1    Poesen, J.2    Reubens, B.3    Wemans, K.4    de Baerdemaeker, J.5    Muys, B.6
  • 29
    • 0002990697 scopus 로고
    • ROOTMAP - a model in three-dimensional coordinates of the growth and structure of fibrous root systems
    • Diggle AJ. 1988. ROOTMAP - a model in three-dimensional coordinates of the growth and structure of fibrous root systems. Plant and Soil 105: 169-178.
    • (1988) Plant and Soil , vol.105 , pp. 169-178
    • Diggle, A.J.1
  • 30
    • 48749108502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying root-reinforcement of river bank soils by four Australian tree species
    • Docker BB, Hubble TCT. 2008. Quantifying root-reinforcement of river bank soils by four Australian tree species. Geomorphology 100: 401-418.
    • (2008) Geomorphology , vol.100 , pp. 401-418
    • Docker, B.B.1    Hubble, T.C.T.2
  • 31
    • 64649085433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the distribution of enhanced soil shear strength beneath riparian trees of south-eastern Australia
    • Docker BB, Hubble TCT. 2009. Modelling the distribution of enhanced soil shear strength beneath riparian trees of south-eastern Australia. Ecological Engineering 35: 921-934
    • (2009) Ecological Engineering , vol.35 , pp. 921-934
    • Docker, B.B.1    Hubble, T.C.T.2
  • 32
    • 0031897807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architecture of the skeletal root system of 40-year-old Picea abies on strongly acidified soils in the Harz Montains (Germany)
    • Drexhage M, Gruber F. 1998. Architecture of the skeletal root system of 40-year-old Picea abies on strongly acidified soils in the Harz Montains (Germany). Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28: 13-22.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.28 , pp. 13-22
    • Drexhage, M.1    Gruber, F.2
  • 33
    • 0032831327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Above- and below-stump relationships for Picea abies: Estimation of root system biomass from breast-height diameters
    • Drexhage M, Gruber F. 1999. Above- and below-stump relationships for Picea abies: estimation of root system biomass from breast-height diameters. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 14: 328-333.
    • (1999) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.14 , pp. 328-333
    • Drexhage, M.1    Gruber, F.2
  • 34
    • 18944364445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical investigation into factors affecting the anchorage of roots in tension
    • Dupuy L, Fourcaud T, Stokes A. 2005a. A numerical investigation into factors affecting the anchorage of roots in tension. European Journal of Soil Science 56: 319-327.
    • (2005) European Journal of Soil Science , vol.56 , pp. 319-327
    • Dupuy, L.1    Fourcaud, T.2    Stokes, A.3
  • 35
    • 22444449024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A density-based approach for the modeling of root architecture: Application to Mari- time pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) root systems
    • Dupuy L, Foucaurd T, Stokes A, Danjon F. 2005b. A density-based approach for the modeling of root architecture: application to Mari- time pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) root systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology 236: 323-334.
    • (2005) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.236 , pp. 323-334
    • Dupuy, L.1    Foucaurd, T.2    Stokes, A.3    Danjon, F.4
  • 36
    • 0033496635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for stability analysis of vegetated hillslopes: An energy approach
    • Ekanayake JC, Phillips CJ. 1999. A method for stability analysis of vegetated hillslopes: an energy approach. Canadian Geotechnology Journal 36: 1172-1184.
    • (1999) Canadian Geotechnology Journal , vol.36 , pp. 1172-1184
    • Ekanayake, J.C.1    Phillips, C.J.2
  • 37
    • 0024910133 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of anchorage in seedlings of sun- flower, Helianthus annuus L
    • Ennos AR. 1989. The mechanics of anchorage in seedlings of sun- flower, Helianthus annuus L. New Phytologist 113: 185-192.
    • (1989) New Phytologist , vol.113 , pp. 185-192
    • Ennos, A.R.1
  • 38
    • 43649092015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of roots in the shear strength of root- reinforced soils with high moisture content
    • Fan CC, Su CF. 2008. Role of roots in the shear strength of root- reinforced soils with high moisture content. Ecological Engineering 33: 157-166.
    • (2008) Ecological Engineering , vol.33 , pp. 157-166
    • Fan, C.C.1    Su, C.F.2
  • 39
    • 29244432457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, stand density, and tree size as factor in root and basal grafting of lodgepole pine
    • Faser EC, Lieffers VJ, Landhäusser SM. 2005. Age, stand density, and tree size as factor in root and basal grafting of lodgepole pine. Canadian Journal of Botany 83: 983-988.
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.83 , pp. 983-988
    • Faser, E.C.1    Lieffers, V.J.2    Landhäusser, S.M.3
  • 41
    • 50849096714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root reinforcement in plantation of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don: Effect of tree age and stand structure on slope stability
    • Genet M, Kokutse N, Stokes A, Fourcaud T, Cai X, Ji J, Mickovski SB. 2008. Root reinforcement in plantation of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don: effect of tree age and stand structure on slope stability. Forest Ecology and Management 256: 1517-1526.
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.256 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Genet, M.1    Kokutse, N.2    Stokes, A.3    Fourcaud, T.4    Cai, X.5    Ji, J.6    Mickovski, S.B.7
  • 42
    • 84868698989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil strength reinforcement by plants
    • Goldsmith W. 2006. Soil strength reinforcement by plants. International Erosion Control: http://www.ieca.org/membersonly/resources/ proceedings/2006/
    • (2006) International Erosion Control
    • Goldsmith, W.1
  • 46
    • 0021056254 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of structural root system of sikta spruce: Analysis and quantitative description
    • Henderson R, Ford ED, Renshaw E, Deans JD. 1983. Morphology of structural root system of sikta spruce: analysis and quantitative description. Forestry 56: 121-135.
    • (1983) Forestry , vol.56 , pp. 121-135
    • Henderson, R.1    Ford, E.D.2    Renshaw, E.3    Deans, J.D.4
  • 47
    • 16844386219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying root lateral distribution and turnover using pine trees with a distinct stable carbon isotope signature
    • Johnsen K, Maier C, Kress L. 2005. Quantifying root lateral distribution and turnover using pine trees with a distinct stable carbon isotope signature. Functional Ecology 19: 81-87.
    • (2005) Functional Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 81-87
    • Johnsen, K.1    Maier, C.2    Kress, L.3
  • 48
    • 38749094182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3d Numerical Modelling and Analysis of The Influence of Forest Structure On Hill Slopes Stability
    • Interpraevent, September 25-27 2006, Niigata, Japan, Marui H, Marutani T, Watanabe N, Kawabe H, Gonda Y, Rimura M, Ochiai H, Ogawa K, Fiebiger G, Heumader J, Rudolf Miklau F, Kienholz H, Mikos M (eds)
    • Kokutse N, Fourcaud T, Kokou K, Neglo K, Lac P. 2006. 3D numerical modelling and analysis of the influence of forest structure on hill slopes stability. In Disaster Mitigation of Debris Flows, Slope Failures and Landslides, Interpraevent, September 25-27 2006, Niigata, Japan, Marui H, Marutani T, Watanabe N, Kawabe H, Gonda Y, Rimura M, Ochiai H, Ogawa K, Fiebiger G, Heumader J, Rudolf Miklau F, Kienholz H, Mikos M (eds). Universal Academy Press, Inc.: Tokyo, Japan; 561-567.
    • (2006) In Disaster Mitigation of Debris Flows, Slope Failures and Landslides , pp. 561-567
    • Kokutse, N.1    Fourcaud, T.2    Kokou, K.3    Neglo, K.4    Lac, P.5
  • 52
    • 0026448470 scopus 로고
    • Spatial disposition and extension of the structural root system of Douglas-fir
    • Kuiper LC, Coutts MP. 1992. Spatial disposition and extension of the structural root system of Douglas-fir. Forest Ecology and Management 47: 111-125.
    • (1992) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.47 , pp. 111-125
    • Kuiper, L.C.1    Coutts, M.P.2
  • 54
    • 34547197861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytical model to relate the vertical root distribution to climate and soil properties
    • Laio F, D' Odorico P, Ridolfi L. 2006. An analytical model to relate the vertical root distribution to climate and soil properties. Geophysical Research Letters 33: L18401.
    • (2006) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.33
    • Laio, F.1    D' odorico, P.2    Ridolfi, L.3
  • 58
    • 32644445034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotechnical characteristics of root systems of typical Mediterranean species
    • Mattia C, Bischetti GB, Gentile F. 2005. Biotechnical characteristics of root systems of typical Mediterranean species. Plant and Soil 278: 23-32.
    • (2005) Plant and Soil , vol.278 , pp. 23-32
    • Mattia, C.1    Bischetti, G.B.2    Gentile, F.3
  • 60
    • 0034754591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The position of localized soil compaction determines root and subsequent shoot growth responses
    • Montagu KD, Conroy JP, Atwell BJ. 2001. The position of localized soil compaction determines root and subsequent shoot growth responses. Journal of Experimental Botany 52: 2127-2133.
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Botany , vol.52 , pp. 2127-2133
    • Montagu, K.D.1    Conroy, J.P.2    Atwell, B.J.3
  • 61
    • 0028667098 scopus 로고
    • A physical based model for the topographic control on shallow landslideing
    • Montgomery DR, Dietrich WE. 1994. A physical based model for the topographic control on shallow landslideing. Water Resources Research 30: 1153-1171.
    • (1994) Water Resources Research , vol.30 , pp. 1153-1171
    • Montgomery, D.R.1    Dietrich, W.E.2
  • 63
    • 0038738034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine root dinamics in gaps of Norway spruce stands in the German Ore Mountains
    • Müller KH, Wagner S. 2003. Fine root dinamics in gaps of Norway spruce stands in the German Ore Mountains. Forestry 76: 149-158.
    • (2003) Forestry , vol.76 , pp. 149-158
    • Müller, K.H.1    Wagner, S.2
  • 64
    • 0030301458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive growth of tree root systems in response to wind action and site condition
    • Nicoll BC, Ray D. 1996. Adaptive growth of tree root systems in response to wind action and site condition. Tree Physiology 16: 891-898.
    • (1996) Tree Physiology , vol.16 , pp. 891-898
    • Nicoll, B.C.1    Ray, D.2
  • 65
    • 33751439610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The architecture of Picea sitchensis structural root systems on horizontal and sloping terrain
    • Nicoll BC, Berthier S, Achim A, Gouskou K, Danjon F, van Beek LPH. 2006. The architecture of Picea sitchensis structural root systems on horizontal and sloping terrain. Trees 20: 701-712.
    • (2006) Trees , vol.20 , pp. 701-712
    • Nicoll, B.C.1    Berthier, S.2    Achim, A.3    Gouskou, K.4    Danjon, F.5    van Beek, L.P.H.6
  • 67
    • 32644449855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root reinforcement by hawthorn and oak roots on a highway cut-slope in Southern England
    • Norris JE. 2005. Root reinforcement by hawthorn and oak roots on a highway cut-slope in Southern England. Plant and Soil 278: 43- 53.
    • (2005) Plant and Soil 278: 43- , pp. 53
    • Norris, J.E.1
  • 68
    • 0034059448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of vegetation on soil strength
    • Operstein V, Frydman S. 2000. The influence of vegetation on soil strength. Ground Improvement 4: 81-89.
    • (2000) Ground Improvement , vol.4 , pp. 81-89
    • Operstein, V.1    Frydman, S.2
  • 70
    • 0344416992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of soil conditions in fine root ecomorphology in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)
    • Ostonen I, Lohmus K, Lasn R. 1999. The role of soil conditions in fine root ecomorphology in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Plant and Soil 208: 283-292.
    • (1999) Plant and Soil , vol.208 , pp. 283-292
    • Ostonen, I.1    Lohmus, K.2    Lasn, R.3
  • 71
    • 0032794779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal analysis of the root achitecture of Gliricidia sepium for the spatial prediction of root branching, size and mass: Model development and evaluation in agroforestry
    • Ozier-Lafontaine H, Lecompte F, Sillon JF. 1999. Fractal analysis of the root achitecture of Gliricidia sepium for the spatial prediction of root branching, size and mass: model development and evaluation in agroforestry. Plant and Soil 209: 167-180.
    • (1999) Plant and Soil , vol.209 , pp. 167-180
    • Ozier-Lafontaine, H.1    Lecompte, F.2    Sillon, J.F.3
  • 73
    • 33847263595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial variability of root reinforcement in streambanks: Accounting for soil shear strength and moisture
    • Pollen N. 2008. Temporal and spatial variability of root reinforcement in streambanks: Accounting for soil shear strength and moisture. Catena 69: 197-205.
    • (2008) Catena , vol.69 , pp. 197-205
    • Pollen, N.1
  • 75
    • 23944494080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the mechanical effects of riparian vegetation on stream bank stability using a fiber bundle model
    • Pollen N, Simon A. 2005. Estimating the mechanical effects of riparian vegetation on stream bank stability using a fiber bundle model. Water Resources Research 41: w07025.
    • (2005) Water Resources Research , vol.w07025 , pp. 41
    • Pollen, N.1    Simon, A.2
  • 77
    • 0037416115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and development of the root system of Norway spruce in forest stands - a review
    • Puhe J. 2003. Growth and development of the root system of Norway spruce in forest stands - a review. Forest Ecology and Management 175: 253-273.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.175 , pp. 253-273
    • Puhe, J.1
  • 79
    • 34347346058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fine and coarse roots in shallow slope stability and soil erosion control with a focus on root system architecture: A review
    • Reubens B, Poesen J, Danjon F, Geudens G, Muys B. 2007. The role of fine and coarse roots in shallow slope stability and soil erosion control with a focus on root system architecture: a review. Trees 21: 385-402.
    • (2007) Trees , vol.21 , pp. 385-402
    • Reubens, B.1    Poesen, J.2    Danjon, F.3    Geudens, G.4    Muys, B.5
  • 82
    • 33947528226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root biomass and distribution of Picea abies stand and Larix betula stand in pumiceous Entisols in Japan
    • Sakai Y, Takahashi M, Tanaka N. 2007. Root biomass and distribution of Picea abies stand and Larix betula stand in pumiceous Entisols in Japan. Journal of Forest Research 12: 120-125.
    • (2007) Journal of Forest Research , vol.12 , pp. 120-125
    • Sakai, Y.1    Takahashi, M.2    Tanaka, N.3
  • 83
    • 3042551391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatial and temporal model of root cohesion in forest soils
    • Sakals ME, Sidle RC. 2004. A spatial and temporal model of root cohesion in forest soils. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 950-958.
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.34 , pp. 950-958
    • Sakals, M.E.1    Sidle, R.C.2
  • 88
    • 0036534032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root distribution of Norway spruce in monospecific and mixed stands on different soils
    • Schmid I, Kazda M. 2002. Root distribution of Norway spruce in monospecific and mixed stands on different soils. Forest Ecology and Management 159: 37-47.
    • (2002) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.159 , pp. 37-47
    • Schmid, I.1    Kazda, M.2
  • 90
    • 0027041873 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical model of the effects of timber harvesting on slope stability
    • Sidle RC. 1992. A theoretical model of the effects of timber harvesting on slope stability. Water Resources Research 28: 1897-1910.
    • (1992) Water Resources Research , vol.28 , pp. 1897-1910
    • Sidle, R.C.1
  • 91
    • 33750986242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the temporal and spatial impacts of timber harvesting on landslide occurrence
    • Sidle RC, Wu W. 2001. Evaluation of the temporal and spatial impacts of timber harvesting on landslide occurrence. Water Science and Application 2: 179-193.
    • (2001) Water Science and Application , vol.2 , pp. 179-193
    • Sidle, R.C.1    Wu, W.2
  • 92
    • 39749127244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the probability of occurrence of shallow landslides and channelized debris flows using GEOtop-FS
    • Simoni S, Zanotti F, Bertoldi G, Rigon R. 2007. Modelling the probability of occurrence of shallow landslides and channelized debris flows using GEOtop-FS. Hydrological Processes 22: 532-545.
    • (2007) Hydrological Processes , vol.22 , pp. 532-545
    • Simoni, S.1    Zanotti, F.2    Bertoldi, G.3    Rigon, R.4
  • 94
  • 95
    • 0030929052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root mass, net primary production and turnover in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in Saskatchewan and Manitoba
    • Steel SJ, Gower ST, Vogel JG, Norman JM. 1997. Root mass, net primary production and turnover in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. Tree Physiology 17: 577-587.
    • (1997) Canada. Tree Physiology , vol.17 , pp. 577-587
    • Steel, S.J.1    Gower, S.T.2    Vogel, J.G.3    Norman, J.M.4
  • 98
    • 34248595143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root tensile strength relationships and their slope stability implications of three shrubs species in the Northern Apennines (Italy)
    • Tosi M. 2007. Root tensile strength relationships and their slope stability implications of three shrubs species in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Geomorphology 87: 268-283.
    • (2007) Geomorphology , vol.87 , pp. 268-283
    • Tosi, M.1
  • 99
    • 32644432650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation and simulation of root reinforcement on abandoned Mediterranean slopes
    • Van Beek LPH, Wint J, Cammeraat LH, Edwards JP. 2005. Observation and simulation of root reinforcement on abandoned Mediterranean slopes. Plant and Soil 278: 55-74.
    • (2005) Plant and Soil , vol.278 , pp. 55-74
    • van Beek, L.P.H.1    Wint, J.2    Cammeraat, L.H.3    Edwards, J.P.4
  • 100
    • 0028045166 scopus 로고
    • Proximal root diameter as predictor of total root size for fractal branching models
    • Van Noordwijk, Spek LY, de Willigen P. 1994. Proximal root diameter as predictor of total root size for fractal branching models. Plant and Soil 164: 107-117.
    • (1994) Plant and Soil , vol.164 , pp. 107-117
    • Noordwijk, V.1    Spek, L.Y.2    de Willigen, P.3
  • 101
    • 77949636665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Der Einfluss der Durchforstung auf die Verankerung der Fichte hinsichtlich ihrer Sturmresistenz. Diss. ETH Nr. 16532, Zürich
    • Vanomsen P. 2006. Der Einfluss der Durchforstung auf die Verankerung der Fichte hinsichtlich ihrer Sturmresistenz. Diss. ETH Nr. 16532, Zürich.
    • (2006)
    • Vanomsen, P.1
  • 102
    • 0037837031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architectural analysis and synthesis of plum tree root system in an orchard using a quantitative modelling approach
    • Vercambre G, Pages L, Doussan C, Habib R. 2003. Architectural analysis and synthesis of plum tree root system in an orchard using a quantitative modelling approach. Plant and Soil 251: 1-11.
    • (2003) Plant and Soil , vol.251 , pp. 1-11
    • Vercambre, G.1    Pages, L.2    Doussan, C.3    Habib, R.4
  • 104
    • 0017538990 scopus 로고
    • The shear resistence of root-permeated homogeneous and stratified soil
    • Waldron LJ. 1977. The shear resistence of root-permeated homogeneous and stratified soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 41: 843-849.
    • (1977) Soil Science Society of America Journal , vol.41 , pp. 843-849
    • Waldron, L.J.1
  • 105
    • 0019802328 scopus 로고
    • Soil reinforcement by roots: Calculation of increased soil shear resistance from root properties
    • Waldron LJ, Dakessian S. 1981. Soil reinforcement by roots: calculation of increased soil shear resistance from root properties. Soil Science 132: 427-435.
    • (1981) Soil Science , vol.132 , pp. 427-435
    • Waldron, L.J.1    Dakessian, S.2
  • 106
    • 33750461252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine root architecture, morphology, and biomass of different branch orders of two Chinese temperate tree species
    • Wang Z, Guo D, Wang X, Gu J, Mei L. 2006. Fine root architecture, morphology, and biomass of different branch orders of two Chinese temperate tree species. Plant and Soil 288: 155-171.
    • (2006) Plant and Soil , vol.288 , pp. 155-171
    • Wang, Z.1    Guo, D.2    Wang, X.3    Gu, J.4    Mei, L.5
  • 107
    • 0033392159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root strength, growth, and rates of decay: Root reinforcement changes of two tree species and their contribution to slope stability
    • Watson A, Phillips C, Marden M. 1999. Root strength, growth, and rates of decay: root reinforcement changes of two tree species and their contribution to slope stability. Plant and Soil 217: 39-47.
    • (1999) Plant and Soil , vol.217 , pp. 39-47
    • Watson, A.1    Phillips, C.2    Marden, M.3
  • 112
    • 0032148106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ shear tests of soil blocks with roots
    • Wu TH, Watson A. 1998. In situ shear tests of soil blocks with roots. Canadian Geotechnology Journal 35: 579-590.
    • (1998) Canadian Geotechnology Journal , vol.35 , pp. 579-590
    • Wu, T.H.1    Watson, A.2
  • 113
    • 33646831499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vertical and horizontal distribution of roots in northern hardwood stands of varying age
    • Yanai RD, Park BB, Hamburg SP. 2006. The vertical and horizontal distribution of roots in northern hardwood stands of varying age. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 450-459.
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.36 , pp. 450-459
    • Yanai, R.D.1    Park, B.B.2    Hamburg, S.P.3
  • 114
    • 0032550328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case study of effect of lateral roots of Pinus yunnanensis on shallow soil reinforcement
    • Zhou Y, Watts D, Li Y, Cheng X. 1998. A case study of effect of lateral roots of Pinus yunnanensis on shallow soil reinforcement. Forest Ecology and Management 103: 107-120.
    • (1998) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.103 , pp. 107-120
    • Zhou, Y.1    Watts, D.2    Li, Y.3    Cheng, X.4
  • 115
    • 33744964994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary and secondary root systems. Root and soil management: Interaction between roots and the soil
    • Zobel RW. 2005. Primary and secondary root systems. Root and soil management: interaction between roots and the soil. Agronomy Monograph 48: 3-14.
    • (2005) Agronomy Monograph , vol.48 , pp. 3-14
    • Zobel, R.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.