Controversies in defining cardiac antibody-mediated rejection: Need for updated criteria

Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 389-394

  Kfoury, Abdallah G ^a,b   Hammond, M Elizabeth H ^a,b  

^a INTERMOUNTAIN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Utah Transplantation Affiliated Hospitals (UTAH) Cardiac Transplant Program   (United States)

Author keywords

antibody mediated rejection; controversies; diagnostic criteria; heart transplantation; ISHLT

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; HLA ANTIGEN CLASS 1; HLA ANTIGEN CLASS 2; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

ACUTE GRAFT REJECTION; ALGORITHM; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; ARTICLE; CARDIAC GRAFT REJECTION; COMMUNITY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INCIDENCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING; STAINING;

ANTIBODIES; GRAFT REJECTION; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, HUMORAL; TISSUE DONORS; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS;

EID: 77949566809     PISSN: 10532498     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.10.016     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Hammond M.E.H., Yowell R.L., Nunoda S., et al. Vascular (humoral) rejection in heart transplantation: pathologic observations and clinical implications. J Heart Lung Transplant 8 (1989) 430-443
2. Taylor D.O., Yowell R.L., Kfoury A.G., et al. Allograft coronary artery disease: clinical correlations with circulating anti-HLA antibodies and the immunohistopathologic pattern of vascular rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant (2000) 518-521
3. Michaels P.J., Espejo M.L., Kobashigawa J., et al. Humoral rejection in cardiac transplantation: risk factors, hemodynamic consequences and relationship to transplant coronary artery disease. J Heart Lung Transplant 22 (2003) 58-69
4. Lones M.A., Czer L.S., Trento A., et al. Clinical-pathologic features of humoral rejection in cardiac allografts: a study in 81 consecutive patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 14 (1995) 151-162
5. Labarrere C.A., Nelson D.R., and Faulk W.P. Endothelial activation and development of coronary artery disease in transplanted human hearts. JAMA 278 (1997) 1169-1175
6. Ratliff N.B., and McMahon J.T. Activation of intravascular macrophages within myocardial small vessels is a feature of acute vascular rejection in human heart transplants. J Heart Lung Transplant 14 (1995) 338-345
7. Hallgren R., Gerdin B., Tengblad A., et al. Accumulation of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in myocardial interstitial tissue parallels development of transplantation edema in heart allografts in rats. J Clin Invest 85 (1990) 668-673
8. Hammond E.H., Hansen J.K., Spencer L.S., et al. Vascular rejection in cardiac transplantation: histologic, immunopathologic, and ultrastructural features. Cardiovasc Pathol 2 (1993) 21-34
9. Petrossian G.A., Nichols A.B., Marboe C.C., et al. Relation between survival and development of coronary artery disease and anti-HLA antibodies after cardiac transplantation. Circulation 80 (1989) III-122-5
10. Reed E.F., Hong B., Ho E., et al. Monitoring of soluble HLA alloantigens and anti-HLA antibodies identifies heart allograft recipients at risk of transplant-associated coronary artery disease. Transplantation 61 (1996) 566-572
11. Rose M.L. Role of antibodies in rejection. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 4 (1999) 227-233
12. McKenna R.M., Takemoto S.K., and Terasaki P.I. Anti-HLA antibodies after solid organ transplantation. Transplantation 69 (2000) 319-326
13. Stewart S., Winters G., Fishbein M., et al. Revision of the 1990 working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of heart rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 24 (2005) 1710-1720
14. Reed E., Demetris A., Hammond M.E., et al. Acute antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac transplants. J Heart Lung Transplant 25 (2006) 153-159
15. Billingham M.E., Cary N.R.B., Hammond E.H., et al. A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of heart and lung rejection. J Heart Transplant 9 (1990) 587-593
16. Mölne J., Breimer M.E., and Svalander C.T. Immunoperoxidase versus immunofluorescence in the assessment of human renal biopsies. Am J Kidney Dis 45 (2005) 674-683
17. Howie A.J., Gregory J., Thompson R.A., et al. Technical improvements in the immunoperoxidase study of renal biopsy specimens. J Clin Pathol 43 (1990) 257-259
18. Chantranuat C., Qiao J.H., Kobashigawa J., et al. Immunoperoxidase staining for C4d on paraffin-embedded tissue in cardiac allograft endomyocardial biopsies: comparison to frozen tissue immunofluorescence. Appl Immunhistochem Mol Morphol 12 (2004) 166-171
19. Ludovico-Martins H., Silva C., Teodoro W.R., et al. Analysis of different staining techniques for C4d detection in renal allograft biopsies. Transplant Proc 41 (2009) 862-865
20. Seemayer C.A., Gaspert A., Nickeleit V., et al. C4d staining of renal allograft biopsies: a comparative analysis of different staining techniques. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22 (2007) 568-576
21. Ludvico-Martins H., Silva C., Teodoro W.R., et al. Analysis of different staining techniques for C4d detection in renal allograft biopsies. Transplant Proc 41 (2009) 862-865
22. Solez K., Colvin R.B., Racusen L.C., et al. Banff 07 classification of renal allograft pathology: updates and future directions. Am J Transplant 8 (2008) 753-760
23. Smith R.N., Kawai T., Boskovic S., et al. Four stages and lack of stable accommodation in chronic alloantibody-mediated allograft rejection in Cynomolgus monkeys. Am J Transplant 8 (2008) 1662-1672
24. Shimizu A., Hisashi Y., Kuwaki K., et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with humoral rejection of cardiac xenografts from alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs in baboons. Am J Pathol 172 (2008) 1471-1481
25. Murata K., Fox-Talbot K., Qian Z., et al. Synergistic deposition of C4d by complement-activating and non-activating antibodies in cardiac transplants. Am J Transplant 7 (2007) 2605-2614
26. Batal I., Girnita A., Zeevi A., et al. Clinical significance of the distribution of C4d deposits in different anatomic compartments of the allograft kidney. Mod Pathol 21 (2008) 1490-1498
27. Behr T.M., Feucht H.E., Richter K., et al. Detection of humoral rejection in human cardiac allografts by assessing the capillary deposition of complement fragment C4d in endomyocardial biopsies. J Heart Lung Transplant 18 (1999) 904-912
28. Rodriguez E.R., Skojec D.V., Tan C.D., et al. Antibody-mediated rejection in human cardiac allografts: evaluation of immunoglobulins and complement activation products C4d and C3d as markers. Am J Transplant 5 (2005) 2778-2785
29. Murata K., and Baldwin III W.M. Mechanisms of complement activation, C4d deposition, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated rejection. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 23 (2009) 139-150
30. Tan C.D., Sokos G.G., Pidwell D.J., et al. Correlation of donor-specific antibodies, complement and its regulators with graft dysfunction in cardiac antibody-mediated rejection. Am J Transplant 9 (2009) 2075-2084
31. Baldwin III W.M., Samaniego-Picota M., Kasper E.K., et al. Complement deposition in early cardiac transplant biopsies is associated with ischemic injury and subsequent rejection episodes. Transplantation 68 (1999) 894-900
32. Spiller O.B., and Morgan B.P. Antibody-independent activation of the classical complement pathway by cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts. J Infect Dis 178 (1998) 1597-1603
33. Van Strijp J.A., Van Kessel K.P., Miltenburg L.A., et al. Attachment of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to herpes simplex virus-infected fibroblasts mediated by antibodies-independent complement activation. J Virol 62 (1988) 847-850
34. Vallhonrat H., Williams W.W., Cosimi A.B., et al. In vivo generation of C4d, Bb, iC3b, and SC5b-9 after OKT3 administration in kidney and lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 67 (1999) 253-258
35. Martin S., Brenchley P.E., O'Donoghue D.J., et al. The identification of allo- and auto-lymphocytotoxic antibodies in serum, in the presence of rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Tissue Antigens 31 (1988) 26-32
36. Manyak C.L., Tse H., Fischer P., et al. Regulation of class II MHC molecules on human endothelial cells. Effects of IFN and dexamethasone. J Immunol 140 (1988) 3817-3821
37. McDouall R.M., Batten P., McCormack A., et al. MHC class II expression on human heart microvascular endothelial cells: exquisite sensitivity to interferon-gamma and natural killer cells. Transplantation 64 (1997) 1175-1180
38. Labarrere C.A., Torry R.J., Nelson D.R., et al. Vascular antithrombin and clinical outcome in heart transplant patients. Am J Cardiol 87 (2001) 425-431
39. Shimizu A., and Colvin R.B. Pathological features of antibody-mediated rejection. Pathological features of antibody-mediated rejection. Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord 5 (2005) 199-214
40. Meehan S.M., Limsrichamren S., Manaligod J.R., et al. Platelets and capillary injury in acute humoral rejection of renal allografts. Hum Pathol 34 (2003) 533-540
41. Kirk A.D., Morrell C.N., and Baldwin III W.M. Platelets influence vascularized organ transplants from start to finish. Am J Transplant 9 (2009) 14-22
42. Tay S.S., McCormack A., and Rose M.L. Effect of cognate human CD4+ T cell and endothelial cell interactions upon chemokine production. Transplantation 78 (2004) 987-994
43. Kedainis R.L., Koch M.J., Brennan D.C., et al. Focal C4d+ in renal allografts is associated with the presence of donor-specific antibodies and decreased allograft survival. Am J Transplant 9 (2009) 812-819
44. Nwakanma L.U., Williams J.A., Weiss E.S., et al. Influence of pretransplant panel-reactive antibody on outcomes in 8,160 heart transplant recipients in recent era. Ann Thorac Surg 84 (2007) 1556-1562
45. Jurcevic S., Ainsworth M.E., Pomerance A., et al. Antivimentin antibodies are an independent predictor of transplant-associated coronary artery disease after cardiac transplantation. Transplantation 71 (2001) 886-892
46. Fredrich R., Toyoda M., Czer L.S., et al. The clinical significance of antibodies to human vascular endothelial cells after cardiac transplantation. Transplantation 67 (1999) 385-391
47. Kobashigawa J., Mehra M., West L., et al. Report form a consensus conference on the sensitized patient awaiting heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 28 (2009) 213-225
48. Michaels P.J., Fishbein M.C., and Colvin R.B. Humoral rejection of human organ transplants. Springer Semin Immunopathol 25 (2003) 119-140
49. Kfoury A.G., Hammond E.H., Snow G.L., et al. Early screening for antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 26 (2007) 1264-1269
50. Almuti K., Haythe J., Dwyer E., et al. The changing pattern of humoral rejection in cardiac transplant recipients. Transplantation 84 (2007) 498-503
51. Fishbein M.C., and Kobashigawa J. Biopsy-negative cardiac transplant rejection: etiology, diagnosis, and therapy. Curr Opin Cardiol 19 (2004) 166-169
52. Hammond M.E., Stehlik J., Snow G., et al. Utility of histologic parameters in screening for antibody-mediated rejection of the cardiac allograft: a study of 3,170 biopsies. J Heart Lung Transplant 24 (2005) 2015-2021
53. Hammond M.E.H., and Renlund D.G. Cardiac allograft vascular (microvascular) rejection. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 7 (2002) 233-239
54. Mueller A., Schnuelle P., Waldherr R., et al. Impact of the Banff'97 classification for histological diagnosis of rejection on clinical outcome and renal function parameters after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 69 (2000) 1123-1127
55. Mauiyyedi S., Crespo M., Collins A.B., et al. Acute humoral rejection in kidney transplantation: II. Morphology, immunopathology, and pathologic classification. J Am Soc Nephrol 13 (2002) 779-787
56. Takemoto S.K., Zeevi A., Feng S., et al. National conference to assess antibody-mediated rejection in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 4 (2004) 1033-1041
57. Kfoury A.G., Stehlik J., Renlund D.G., et al. Impact of repetitive episodes of antibody-mediated or cellular rejection on cardiovascular mortality in cardiac transplant recipients: defining rejection patterns. J Heart Lung Transplant 25 (2006) 1277-1282
58. Wu G.W., Kobashigawa J.A., Fishbein M.C., et al. Asymptomatic antibody-mediated rejection after heart transplantation predicts poor outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 28 (2009) 417-422
59. Kfoury A.G., Hammond M.E., Snow G.L., et al. Cardiovascular mortality among heart transplant recipients with asymptomatic antibody-mediated or stable mixed cellular and antibody-mediated rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 28 (2009) 781-784
60. Kfoury A.G., Renlund D.G., Snow G.L., et al. A clinical correlation study of severity of antibody-mediated rejection and cardiovascular mortality in heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 28 (2009) 51-57