Explaining global box-office tastes in hollywood films: Homogenization of national audiences' movie selections

Communication Research

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 215-238

  Fu, W Wayne ^a   Govindaraju, Achikannoo ^a  

^a NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Cultural similarity; Global tastes in Hollywood movies; Homogenization

Indexed keywords

EID: 77949368066     PISSN: 00936502     EISSN: 15523810     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0093650209356396     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Albrow, M. (1990). Globalization, knowledge and society: Readings from international sociology. London: Sage.
2. Barnett, G.A. (2001). A longitudinal analysis of the international telecommunication network, 1978-1996. American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 1638-1655.
3. Barnett, G.A., & Kincaid, D.L. (1983). Cultural convergence: A mathematical theory. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 171-194). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
4. Berry, J.W., Poortinga, Y.H., & Pandey, J. (1997). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
5. Box Office Mojo. (2008). International box office. Available from Internet Movie Database Web site: http://www.boxofficemojo.com.
6. Boyd-Barrett, O. (1977). Media imperialism: Toward an international framework for the analysis of media systems. In J. Curran, M. Gurevitch, & J. Woollacot (Eds.), Mass communication and society (pp. 116-35). London: Arnold.
7. Chew, S. C., & Denemark, R. A. (Eds.). (1996). The underdevelopment of development: Essays in honor of Andre Gunder Frank. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
8. Crothers, L. (2006). Globalization and American popular culture. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
9. Dancyger, K. (2001). Global scriptwriting. Boston: Focal Press.
10. Elberse, A., & Eliasberg, J. (2003). Demand and supply dynamics for sequentially released products in international markets: The case of motion pictures. Marketing Science, 22, 329-354.
11. Ellingsworth, H.W. (1983). Adaptive intercultural communication. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 195-204). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
12. Featherstone, M. (1990). Global culture: An introduction. In M. Featherstone (Ed.), Global culture: Nationalism, globalism and modernity (pp. 1-14). London: Sage.
13. Featherstone, M. (1995). Undoing culture. London: Sage.
14. Ferguson, M. (1992). The mythology about globalization. European Journal of Communication, 7, 69-93.
15. Fu, W.W. (2006). Concentration and homogenization of international movie sources: Examining foreign film import profiles. Journal of Communication, 56, 813-835.
16. Fu, W.W., & Lee, T.K. (2008). Economic and cultural influences on the theatrical consumption of foreign films in Singapore. Journal of Media Economics, 21, 1-27.
17. Fu, W.W., & Sim, C. (in press). Why do we watch what we watch? Explaining international country-to-country flow of theatrical films. Journal of Communication.
18. Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
19. Gitlin, T. (1983). Inside prime time. New York: Pantheon.
20. Gudykunst, W.B. (1997). Cultural variability in communication: An introduction. Communication Research, 24, 327-348.
21. Gudykunst, W.B. (2002). Issues in cross-cultural communication research. In W. B. Gudykunst & B. Mody (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22. Gudykunst, W.B., & Mody, B. (2002). Handbook of international and intercultural communication (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
23. Hall, S. (1992). The question of cultural identity. In S. Hall, D. Held, & A. McGrew (Eds.), Modernity and its futures (pp. 273-325). Cambridge, UK: Polity.
24. Hamelink, C.J. (1984). Transnational data flows in the information age. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur AB.
25. Hamelink, C.J. (1997). International communication: Global market and morality. In A. Mohammadi (Ed.), International communication and globalization (pp. 92-118). London: Sage.
26. Hennig-Thurau, T., Walsh, G., & Bode, M. (2004). Exporting media products: Understanding the success and failure of Hollywood movies in Germany. Advances in Consumer Research, 31, 633-638.
27. Herman, E.S., & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media. New York: Pantheon Books.
28. Herman, E.S., & McChesney, R.W. (1997). The global media: The new missionaries of corporate capitalism. London: Cassell.
29. Hirst, P., & Thompson, G. (1996). Globalization in question: The international economy and the possibilities of governance. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
30. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
31. Hoskins, C., McFadyen, S., & Finn, A. (1997). Global television and film: An introduction to the economics of the business. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
32. Hoskins, C., & Mirus, R. (1988). Reasons for the US dominance of the international trade in television programmes. Media, Culture and Society, 10, 499-515.
33. Kim, Y.Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
34. Kincaid, D.L. (1988). The convergence theory of intercultural communication. In Y. Y. Kim & W. B. Gudykunst (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 280-298). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
35. Kluckhohn, F., & Strodtbeck, R. (1961). Variations in value orientations. New York: Row, Peterson.
36. Kogut, B., & Singh, H. (1988). The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. Journal of International Business Studies, 19, 411-432.
37. Lee, B., & Bae, H.S. (2004). The effect of screen quotas on the self-sufficiency ratio in recent domestic film markets. Journal of Media Economics, 17, 163-176.
38. Lee, C.C. (1980). Media imperialism reconsidered: The homogenizing of television culture. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
39. Lee, F.L.F. (2006a). Audience taste divergence over time: Box office of Hollywood movies in Hong Kong, 1989-2004. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83, 883-900.
40. Lee, F.L.F. (2006b). Cultural discount and cross-culture predictability: Examining the box office performance of American movies in Hong Kong. Journal of Media Economics, 19, 259-278.
41. Mattelart, A. (1979). Multinational corporation and the control of culture. Brighton, UK: Harvester.
42. McFadyen, S., Hoskins, C., & Finn, A. (2003). Measuring the cultural discount in the price of exported U.S. television programs. In V. A. Ginsburgh (Ed.), Economics of art and culture: Invited papers at the 12th International Conference of the Association of Cultural Economics International (pp. 49-60). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
43. McFadyen, S., Hoskins, C., & Finn, A. (2004). The effect of program type on the cultural discount in the price of exported U.S. television programs. Paper presented at the Applied Econometrics Association International Conference on Econometrics of Cultural Goods, Padua, Italy.
44. Meisel, J. (1986). Escaping extinction: Cultural defense of an undefended border. In D. Flaherty & W. McKercher (Eds.), Southern exposure: Canadian perspectives on the United States (pp. 152-68). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
45. Miller, T., Maxwell, R., Govil, N., McMurria, J., & Wang, T. (2005). Global Hollywood 2. London: British Film Institute.
46. Oh, J. (2001). International trade in film and the self-sufficiency ratio. Journal of Media Economics, 14, 31-44.
47. Owen, B., & Wildman, S. (1992). Video economics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
48. Rantanen, T. (2004). Media and globalization. London: Sage.
49. Robertson, R. (1990). Mapping the global condition: Globalization as the central concept. In M. Featherstone (Ed.), Global culture: Nationalism, globalism and modernity (pp. 15-30). London: Sage.
50. Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization: Social theory and global culture. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
51. Rogers, E.M., & Kincaid, D.L. (1981). Communication networks: Toward a new paradigm for research. New York: Free press.
52. Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
53. Said, E. (1993). Culture and imperialism. New York: Vintage.
54. Sawhney, M.S., & Eliashberg, J. (1996). A parsimonious model for forecasting gross box-office revenues of motion pictures. Marketing Science, 15, 113-131.
55. Schiller, H.I. (1992). Mass communications and the American empire. Boulder, CO: Westview.
56. Scott, A.J. (2002). A new map of Hollywood: The production and distribution of American motion pictures. Regional Studies, 36, 957-975.
57. Screen Digest. (2007). [Cinema admissions of countries]. Unpublished raw data.
58. Short, J.R., & Kim, Y.H. (1999). Globalization and the city. New York: Longman.
59. Smith, A. (1990). Towards a global culture? In M. Featherstone (Ed.), Global culture: Nationalism, globalism and modernity (pp. 96-105). London: Sage.
60. Smythe, D.W. (1981). Dependency road: Communications, capitalism, consciousness and Canada. Nor-wood, NJ: Ablex.
61. Tihanyi, L., Griffith, D.A., & Russell, C.J. (2005). The effect of cultural distance on entry mode choice, international diversification, and MNE performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 270-283.
62. Tomlinson, J. (1999). Globalization and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
63. Wallerstein, I. (1990). Culture as the ideological battleground of the modern world-system. In M. Featherstone (Ed.), Global culture: Nationalism, globalism and modernity (pp. 53-64). London: Sage.
64. Wasser, F. (1995). Is Hollywood America? The trans-nationalization of the American film industry. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 12, 423-437.
65. Waterman, D. (1988). World television trade: The economic effects of privatization and new technology. Telecommunications Policy, 12, 141-151.
66. Waters, M. (1995). Globalization. New York: Routledge.
67. Wildman, S. (1995). Trade liberalization and policy for media industries: A theoretical examination of media flows. Canadian Journal of Communication, 20, 367-388.
68. Wildman, S., & Siwek, S. (1988). International trade in films and television programs. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
69. World Bank Group. (2004). World development indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank.