A case of immune-mediated encephalopathy showing refractory epilepsy and extensive brain MRI lesions associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody

Clinical Neurology

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 92-97

  Kobayakawa, Yuko ^a   Tateishi, Takahisa ^a   Kawamura, Nobutoshi ^a   Doi, Hikaru ^a   Ohyagi, Yasumasa ^a   Kira, Jun Ichi ^a  

^a KYUSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Anti glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody; Brain MRI; Encephalopathy; Plasma exchange; Refractory epilepsy

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; CLONAZEPAM; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE ANTIBODY; PHENOBARBITAL; VALPROIC ACID; ZONISAMIDE;

ADULT; ANTIBODY TITER; ARTICLE; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN DISEASE; CASE REPORT; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CINGULATE GYRUS; CONVALESCENCE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE DURATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; GRAND MAL SEIZURE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; IMMUNE MEDIATED ENCEPHALOPATHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCCIPITAL LOBE; PARIETAL LOBE; PLASMAPHERESIS; STIFF MAN SYNDROME; UNCONSCIOUSNESS;

EID: 77749283588     PISSN: 0009918X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.50.92     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Solimena M, Folli F, Denis-Donini S, et al. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in a patient with stiff-man syndrome, epilepsy, and type I diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1988:318:1012-1020.
2. Abele M, Weller M, Mescheriakov S, et al. Cerebellar ataxia with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies. Neurology 1999;52:857-859.
3. Peltola J, Kulmala P, Isojärvi J, et al. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in patients with therapy-resistant epilepsy. Neurology 2000;55:46-50.
4. Vianello M, Tavolato B, Giometto B. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and neurological disorders. Neurol Sci 2002;23:145-151.
5. Akman CI, Patterson MC, Rubinstein A, et al. Limbic encephalitis associated with anti-GAD antibody and common variable immune deficiency. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009:51:563-567.
6. Matà S, Muscas GC, Naldi I, et al. Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. J Neuroimmunol 2008:199:155-159.
7. Mazzi G, Roia DD, Cruciatti B, et al. Plasma exchange for anti GAD associated non paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Transfus Apher Sci 2008:39229-233.
8. Honnorat J, Trouillas P, Thivolet C, et al. Autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase in a patient with cerebellar cortical atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, and slow eye movements. Arch Neurol 1995;52:462-468.
9. Nemni R, Braghi S, Natali-Sora MG, et al. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in palatal myoclonus and epilepsy. Ann Neurol 1994:36:665-667.
10. Dinkel K, Meinck H-M, Jury KM, et al. Inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis by glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in stiff-man syndrome. Ann Neurol 1998:44:194-201.
11. Mitoma H, Song S-Y, Ishida K, et al. Presynaptic impairment of cerebellar inhibitory synapses by an autoantibody to glutamate decarboxylase. J Neurol Sci 2000;175:40-44.
12. McKnight K, Jiang Y, Hart Y, et al. Serum antibodies in epilepsy and seizure-associated disorders. Neurology 2005;65:1730-1736.
13. Kwan P, Sills GJ, Kelly K, et al. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in controlled and uncontrolled epilepsy: a pilot study. Epilepsy Res 2000;42:191-195.
14. Giometto B, Nicolao P, Macucci M, et al. Temporal-lobe epilepsy associated with glutamic-acid-decarboxylase autoantibodies. Lancet 1998;352:457.
15. Kanter IC, Huttner HB, Staykov D, et al. Cyclophosphamide for anti-GAD antibody-positive refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2008;49:914-920.
16. Yoshimoto T, Doi M, Fukai N, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and drug-resistant epilepsy: presence of high titer of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Intern Med 2005;44:1174-1177.
17. Vianello M, Giometto B, Vassanelli S, et al. Peculiar labeling of cultured hippocampal neurons by different sera harboring anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD-Ab). Exp Neurol 2006;202:514-518.
18. Rakocevic G, Raju R, Semino-Mora C, et al. Stiff person syndrome with cerebellar disease and high-titer anti-GAD antibodies. Neurology 2006;67:1068-1070.
19. A-receptor-associated protein in stiff-person syndrome. Brain 2006;129:3270-3276.
20. Dalakas MC. The role of IVIg in the treatment of patients with stiff person syndrome and other neurological diseases associated with anti-GAD antibodies. J Neurol 2005;252 Suppl 1:I19-25.
21. Vulliemoz S, Vanini G, Truffert A, et al. Epilepsy and cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:187-189.