메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 289-302

Management of antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit setting

Author keywords

Antimicrobial combination therapy; Antimicrobial resistance; Antimicrobial stewardship program; De escalation therapy; Intensive care; Severe infections; Vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMPICILLIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BIAPENEM; CARBAPENEM; CIPROFLOXACIN; DORIPENEM; IMIPENEM; LINEZOLID; MEROPENEM; METICILLIN; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 77749279581     PISSN: 14787210     EISSN: 17448336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (125)
  • 1
    • 31344461826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients Investigators. Sepsis in European intensive care units: Results of the SOAP study
    • Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Sprung CL et al.; Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients Investigators. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study. Crit. Care Med. 34, 344-353 (2006).
    • (2006) Crit. Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 344-353
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Sakr, Y.2    Sprung, C.L.3
  • 2
    • 0036213966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study
    • Alberti C, Brun-Buisson C, Burchardi H et al. Epidemiology of sepsis and infection in ICU patients from an international multicentre cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 28, 108-121 (2002).
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 108-121
    • Alberti, C.1    Brun-Buisson, C.2    Burchardi, H.3
  • 3
    • 0030876080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnitude and prevention of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit
    • Fridkin SK, Welbel SF, Weinstein RA. Magnitude and prevention of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 11, 479-496 (1997).
    • (1997) Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am , vol.11 , pp. 479-496
    • Fridkin, S.K.1    Welbel, S.F.2    Weinstein, R.A.3
  • 4
    • 33645994225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients hospitalised in intensive care units
    • Wroblewska MM, Rudnicka J, Marchel H, Luczak M. Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients hospitalised in intensive care units. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 27, 285-289 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents , vol.27 , pp. 285-289
    • Wroblewska, M.M.1    Rudnicka, J.2    Marchel, H.3    Luczak, M.4
  • 5
    • 34247531933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for death due to nosocomial infection in intensive care unit patients: Findings from the Krankenhaus Infektions Surveillance System
    • Gastmeier P, Sohr D, Geffers C, Behnke M, Rüden H. Risk factors for death due to nosocomial infection in intensive care unit patients: findings from the Krankenhaus Infektions Surveillance System. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol 28, 466-472 (2007).
    • (2007) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.28 , pp. 466-472
    • Gastmeier, P.1    Sohr, D.2    Geffers, C.3    Behnke, M.4    Rüden, H.5
  • 6
    • 42449141908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive care unit acquired infection and organ failure
    • Damas P, Ledoux D, Nys M et al. Intensive care unit acquired infection and organ failure. Intensive Care Med. 34, 856-864 (2008).
    • (2008) Intensive Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 856-864
    • Damas, P.1    Ledoux, D.2    Nys, M.3
  • 7
    • 42449108121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICU-acquired infections and sepsis: More of a deadly duo
    • Brun-Buisson C. ICU-acquired infections and sepsis: more of a deadly duo. Intensive Care Med. 34, 793-795 (2008).
    • (2008) Intensive Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 793-795
    • Brun-Buisson, C.1
  • 8
    • 0032813966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in United States hospitals: Project ICARE Phase 2. Project Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) hospitals
    • Fridkin SK, Steward CD, Edwards JR et al. Surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in United States hospitals: project ICARE Phase 2. Project Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) hospitals. Clin. Infect. Dis. 29, 245-252 (1999).
    • (1999) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.29 , pp. 245-252
    • Fridkin, S.K.1    Steward, C.D.2    Edwards, J.R.3
  • 9
    • 9644295892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am. J. Infect. Control 32, 470-485 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.32 , pp. 470-485
  • 10
    • 31044456290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992-2003
    • Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Tenover FC, McDonald LC, Horan T, Gaynes R; National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992-2003. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42, 389-391 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.42 , pp. 389-391
    • Klevens, R.M.1    Edwards, J.R.2    Tenover, F.C.3    McDonald, L.C.4    Horan, T.5    Gaynes, R.6
  • 11
    • 24644515282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Overview of nosocomial infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli
    • Gaynes R, Edwards JR; National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Overview of nosocomial infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Clin. Infect. Dis. 41, 848-854 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.41 , pp. 848-854
    • Gaynes, R.1    Edwards, J.R.2
  • 12
    • 35348832399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli causing infections in intensive care unit patients in the United States between 1993 and 2004
    • Lockhart SR, Abramson MA, Beekmann SE et al. Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli causing infections in intensive care unit patients in the United States between 1993 and 2004. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45, 3352-3359 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 3352-3359
    • Lockhart, S.R.1    Abramson, M.A.2    Beekmann, S.E.3
  • 13
    • 37249052710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe
    • Cantón R, Novais A, Valverde A et al. Prevalence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14(Suppl. 1), S144-S153 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Microbiol. Infect , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Cantón, R.1    Novais, A.2    Valverde, A.3
  • 14
    • 70349739265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical consequences of antimicrobial resistance
    • Rice LB. The clinical consequences of antimicrobial resistance. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 12, 476-481 (2009).
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Microbiol , vol.12 , pp. 476-481
    • Rice, L.B.1
  • 15
    • 58949091766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Europe
    • Souli M, Galani I, Giamarellou H. Emergence of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Europe. Euro Surveill. 13(47), ii, 19045 (2008).
    • (2008) Euro Surveill , vol.13-2 , Issue.47 , pp. 19045
    • Souli, M.1    Galani, I.2    Giamarellou, H.3
  • 16
    • 0034536220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired and intrinsic glycopeptide resistance in enterococci
    • Gholizadeh Y, Courvalin P. Acquired and intrinsic glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 16(Suppl. 1), S11-S17 (2000).
    • (2000) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Gholizadeh, Y.1    Courvalin, P.2
  • 17
    • 33745481821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance: Factors and outcomes
    • Fish DN, Ohlinger MJ. Antimicrobial resistance: factors and outcomes. Crit. Care Clin. 22, 291-311 (2006).
    • (2006) Crit. Care Clin , vol.22 , pp. 291-311
    • Fish, D.N.1    Ohlinger, M.J.2
  • 19
    • 54949148412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Healthcare Safety Network Team; Participating National Healthcare Safety Network Facilities. NHSN annual update: Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006-2007
    • Hidron AI, Edwards JR, Patel J et al.; National Healthcare Safety Network Team; Participating National Healthcare Safety Network Facilities. NHSN annual update: antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006-2007 Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 29, 996-1011 (2008).
    • (2008) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.29 , pp. 996-1011
    • Hidron, A.I.1    Edwards, J.R.2    Patel, J.3
  • 20
    • 0346753421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2003, issued August 2003
    • NNIS System
    • NNIS System. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2003, issued August 2003. Am. J. Infect. Control 31, 481-498 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.31 , pp. 481-498
  • 21
    • 61349138129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thompson DS, Workman R, Strutt M. Decline in the rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition and bacteraemia in a general intensive care unit between 1996 and 2008. J. Hosp. Infect. 71, 314-319 (2009).
    • Thompson DS, Workman R, Strutt M. Decline in the rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition and bacteraemia in a general intensive care unit between 1996 and 2008. J. Hosp. Infect. 71, 314-319 (2009).
  • 22
    • 60749089639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus central line-associated bloodstream infections in US intensive care units, 1997-2007
    • Burton DC, Edwards JR, Horan TC, Jernigan JA, Fridkin SK. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus central line-associated bloodstream infections in US intensive care units, 1997-2007 JAMA 301, 727-736 (2009).
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , pp. 727-736
    • Burton, D.C.1    Edwards, J.R.2    Horan, T.C.3    Jernigan, J.A.4    Fridkin, S.K.5
  • 23
    • 61849176461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of microbiologic findings to manage antimicrobials in the intensive care unit
    • Pagani L, Falciani M, Aschbacher R. Use of microbiologic findings to manage antimicrobials in the intensive care unit. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 30, 309-311 (2009).
    • (2009) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 309-311
    • Pagani, L.1    Falciani, M.2    Aschbacher, R.3
  • 25
    • 70449713470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The S. aureus screening initiative group. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and influence on outcome in the critically ill
    • Niven DJ, Laupland KB, Gregson DB, Church DL. The S. aureus screening initiative group. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and influence on outcome in the critically ill. J. Crit. Care 24(4), 583-589 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Crit. Care , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 583-589
    • Niven, D.J.1    Laupland, K.B.2    Gregson, D.B.3    Church, D.L.4
  • 26
    • 0035686366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in an intensive care unit: A one year survey
    • Barbarini D, Fumagalli P, Marone P. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in an intensive care unit: a one year survey. Infez. Med. 9, 237-245 (2001).
    • (2001) Infez. Med , vol.9 , pp. 237-245
    • Barbarini, D.1    Fumagalli, P.2    Marone, P.3
  • 27
    • 70349326655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic usage and risk of colonization and infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria: A hospital population-based study
    • Tacconelli E, De Angelis G, Cataldo MA et al. Antibiotic usage and risk of colonization and infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a hospital population-based study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 4264-4269 (2009).
    • (2009) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 4264-4269
    • Tacconelli, E.1    De Angelis, G.2    Cataldo, M.A.3
  • 28
    • 58849128221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition and cross-transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in European intensive care units
    • Bloemendaal AL, Fluit AC, Jansen WM et al. Acquisition and cross-transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in European intensive care units. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol 30, 117-124 (2009).
    • (2009) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 117-124
    • Bloemendaal, A.L.1    Fluit, A.C.2    Jansen, W.M.3
  • 29
    • 77749241640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus/ vancomycin-resistant Enterococci colonization and infection in the critical care unit
    • 2nd Edition, Cunha BA Ed, Informa Healthcare, NY, USA
    • Mayhall CG. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus/ vancomycin-resistant Enterococci colonization and infection in the critical care unit. In: Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine (2nd Edition). Cunha BA (Ed.). Informa Healthcare, NY, USA (2007).
    • (2007) Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine
    • Mayhall, C.G.1
  • 30
    • 8744220234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a general intensive care unit
    • Thompson DS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a general intensive care unit. J. R. Soc. Med. 97, 521-526 (2004).
    • (2004) J. R. Soc. Med , vol.97 , pp. 521-526
    • Thompson, D.S.1
  • 31
    • 0035804274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study group
    • Von Eiff C, Becker K, Machka K, Stammer H, Peters G. Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study group. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 11-16 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.344 , pp. 11-16
    • Von Eiff, C.1    Becker, K.2    Machka, K.3    Stammer, H.4    Peters, G.5
  • 32
    • 67651126643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usage of carbapenems significantly increase the rate of new colonisation due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitalized patients
    • Presented at:, Barcelona, Spain, 19-22 April, Abstract O395
    • Tacconelli E, De Angelis G, Cataldo MA et al. Usage of carbapenems significantly increase the rate of new colonisation due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitalized patients. Presented at: 18th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Barcelona, Spain, 19-22 April 2008 (Abstract O395).
    • (2008) 18th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
    • Tacconelli, E.1    De Angelis, G.2    Cataldo, M.A.3
  • 33
    • 0035822694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) Project and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Hospitals. The effect of vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins on prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 126 U.S. adult intensive care units
    • Fridkin SK, Edwards JR, Courval JM et al. Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) Project and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Hospitals. The effect of vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins on prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 126 U.S. adult intensive care units. Ann. Intern. Med. 135, 175-183 (2001).
    • (2001) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.135 , pp. 175-183
    • Fridkin, S.K.1    Edwards, J.R.2    Courval, J.M.3
  • 34
    • 34249799031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of vancomyin-resistant enterococci from North America and Europe: A report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program
    • Deshpande LM, Fritsche TR, Moet GJ, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN. Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of vancomyin-resistant enterococci from North America and Europe: a report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 58, 163-170 (2007).
    • (2007) Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis , vol.58 , pp. 163-170
    • Deshpande, L.M.1    Fritsche, T.R.2    Moet, G.J.3    Biedenbach, D.J.4    Jones, R.N.5
  • 35
    • 3342962524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of pathogen occurrences and resistance profiles among infected patients in intensive care unit: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program
    • Streit JM, Jones RN, Sader HS, Fritshe TR. Assessment of pathogen occurrences and resistance profiles among infected patients in intensive care unit: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 24, 111-118 (2004).
    • (2004) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents , vol.24 , pp. 111-118
    • Streit, J.M.1    Jones, R.N.2    Sader, H.S.3    Fritshe, T.R.4
  • 36
    • 33645674134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Colonization, infection, detection and treatment
    • Zirakzadeh A, Patel R. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: colonization, infection, detection and treatment. Mayo Clin. Proc. 81, 529-536 (2006).
    • (2006) Mayo Clin. Proc , vol.81 , pp. 529-536
    • Zirakzadeh, A.1    Patel, R.2
  • 37
    • 63249115842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological and resistance issues in multidrug-resistant staphylococci and enetrococci
    • Leclercq R. Epidemiological and resistance issues in multidrug-resistant staphylococci and enetrococci. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 15, 224-231 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Microbiol. Infect , vol.15 , pp. 224-231
    • Leclercq, R.1
  • 38
    • 53849139393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance
    • Gould IM. The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 32(Suppl. 1), S2-S9 (2008).
    • (2008) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents , vol.32 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Gould, I.M.1
  • 39
    • 33847263472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in critical care areas
    • Bryant S, Wilbeck J. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in critical care areas. Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North Am. 19, 69-75 (2007).
    • (2007) Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North Am , vol.19 , pp. 69-75
    • Bryant, S.1    Wilbeck, J.2
  • 40
    • 18744387445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of colonisation with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among haemodyalisis outpatients in Victoria: Implications for screening
    • Burrell LJ, Grabsch EA, Padiglione AA, Grayson ML. Prevalence of colonisation with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among haemodyalisis outpatients in Victoria: implications for screening. Med. J. Aus. 182, 492 (2005).
    • (2005) Med. J. Aus , vol.182 , pp. 492
    • Burrell, L.J.1    Grabsch, E.A.2    Padiglione, A.A.3    Grayson, M.L.4
  • 41
    • 42049096323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA). Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in intensive care units in Canada: Results of the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (CAN-ICU) study, 2005-2006
    • Zhanel GG, DeCorby M, Laing N et al. Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA). Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in intensive care units in Canada: results of the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (CAN-ICU) study, 2005-2006. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 1430-1437 (2008).
    • (2008) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 1430-1437
    • Zhanel, G.G.1    DeCorby, M.2    Laing, N.3
  • 43
    • 12144290133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and clinical features of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in nonhospitalized patients
    • Rodríguez-Baño J, Navarro MD, Romero L et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in nonhospitalized patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 1089-1094 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 1089-1094
    • Rodríguez-Baño, J.1    Navarro, M.D.2    Romero, L.3
  • 44
    • 77954629684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization of residents and staff of a long-term-care facility and adjacent acute-care hospital geriatric unit by multiresistant bacteria
    • DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691. 2009.03024.x , Epub ahead of print
    • March A, Aschbacher R, Dhanji H et al. Colonization of residents and staff of a long-term-care facility and adjacent acute-care hospital geriatric unit by multiresistant bacteria. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691. 2009.03024.x (2009) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2009) Clin. Microbiol. Infect
    • March, A.1    Aschbacher, R.2    Dhanji, H.3
  • 45
    • 56649123521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of multiresistant bacteria in German intensive care units
    • Meyer E, Gastmeier P, Schwab F. The burden of multiresistant bacteria in German intensive care units. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62, 1474-1476 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Antimicrob. Chemother , vol.62 , pp. 1474-1476
    • Meyer, E.1    Gastmeier, P.2    Schwab, F.3
  • 46
    • 60249097030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria in intensive care units in Taiwan: SMART programme data 2005
    • Jean SS, Hsueh PR, Lee WS et al. Nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria in intensive care units in Taiwan: SMART programme data 2005. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 33, 266-271 (2009).
    • (2009) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents , vol.33 , pp. 266-271
    • Jean, S.S.1    Hsueh, P.R.2    Lee, W.S.3
  • 48
    • 0029150311 scopus 로고
    • Control of nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit in Guatemala City
    • Berg DE, Hershow RC, Ramirez CA, Weinstein RA. Control of nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit in Guatemala City. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21, 588-593 (1995).
    • (1995) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.21 , pp. 588-593
    • Berg, D.E.1    Hershow, R.C.2    Ramirez, C.A.3    Weinstein, R.A.4
  • 50
    • 42549108748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acinetobacter baumannii: Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment options
    • Maragakis LL, Perl TM. Acinetobacter baumannii: epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment options. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46, 1254-1263 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1254-1263
    • Maragakis, L.L.1    Perl, T.M.2
  • 51
    • 0037453976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units: Implications for fluoroquinolone use
    • Neuhauser MM, Weinstein RA, Rydman R, Danziger LH, Karam G, Quinn JP. Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units: implications for fluoroquinolone use. JAMA 289, 885-888 (2003).
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 885-888
    • Neuhauser, M.M.1    Weinstein, R.A.2    Rydman, R.3    Danziger, L.H.4    Karam, G.5    Quinn, J.P.6
  • 52
    • 0038673434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from hospitalized patients in the United States, 1998 to 2001
    • Karlowsky JA, Draghi DC, Jones ME, Thornsberry C, Friedland IR, Sahm DF. Surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from hospitalized patients in the United States, 1998 to 2001. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47, 1681-1688 (2003).
    • (2003) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 1681-1688
    • Karlowsky, J.A.1    Draghi, D.C.2    Jones, M.E.3    Thornsberry, C.4    Friedland, I.R.5    Sahm, D.F.6
  • 53
    • 3042666095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with relative rates of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates tested in clinical laboratories in the United States from 1999 to 2002
    • Flamm RK, Weaver MK, Thornsberry C, Jones ME, Karlowsky JA, Sahm DF. Factors associated with relative rates of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates tested in clinical laboratories in the United States from 1999 to 2002. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48, 2431-2436 (2004).
    • (2004) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 2431-2436
    • Flamm, R.K.1    Weaver, M.K.2    Thornsberry, C.3    Jones, M.E.4    Karlowsky, J.A.5    Sahm, D.F.6
  • 54
    • 26044469907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MYSTIC Brazil Group. Antimicrobial susceptibility in intensive care units: MYSTIC Program Brazil 2002
    • Mendes C, Oplustil C, Sakagami E, Turner P, Kiffer C; MYSTIC Brazil Group. Antimicrobial susceptibility in intensive care units: MYSTIC Program Brazil 2002. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 9, 44-51 (2005).
    • (2005) Braz. J. Infect. Dis , vol.9 , pp. 44-51
    • Mendes, C.1    Oplustil, C.2    Sakagami, E.3    Turner, P.4    Kiffer, C.5
  • 55
    • 9644274002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from intensive care unit patients from 1993 to 2002
    • Obritsch MD, Fish DN, MacLaren R, Jung R. National surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from intensive care unit patients from 1993 to 2002. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48, 4606-4610 (2004).
    • (2004) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 4606-4610
    • Obritsch, M.D.1    Fish, D.N.2    MacLaren, R.3    Jung, R.4
  • 56
    • 9444250412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging resistance among bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit - a European and North American Surveillance study (2000-2002)
    • Jones ME, Draghi DC, Thornsberry C, Karlowsky JA, Sahm DF, Wenzel RP. Emerging resistance among bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit - a European and North American Surveillance study (2000-2002). Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 3, 14 (2004).
    • (2004) Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob , vol.3 , pp. 14
    • Jones, M.E.1    Draghi, D.C.2    Thornsberry, C.3    Karlowsky, J.A.4    Sahm, D.F.5    Wenzel, R.P.6
  • 57
    • 33751323233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical culture surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species in a teaching hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil: A 7-year study
    • Furtado GH, Martins ST, Machado AM, Wey SB, Medeiros EA. Clinical culture surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species in a teaching hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a 7-year study. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 27, 1270-1273 (2006).
    • (2006) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 1270-1273
    • Furtado, G.H.1    Martins, S.T.2    Machado, A.M.3    Wey, S.B.4    Medeiros, E.A.5
  • 58
    • 58549085963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of microbial resistance in European Intensive Care Units: A first report from the Care-ICU programme for improved infection control
    • Hanberger H, Arman D, Gill H et al. Surveillance of microbial resistance in European Intensive Care Units: a first report from the Care-ICU programme for improved infection control. Intensive Care Med. 35, 91-100 (2009).
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 91-100
    • Hanberger, H.1    Arman, D.2    Gill, H.3
  • 59
    • 37249067792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grupo de Resistencia Bacteriana Nosocomial de Colombia. [Antimicrobial resistance in Gram Negative bacteria isolated from intensive care units of Colombian hospitals, WHONET 2003, 2004 and 2005]
    • Miranda MC, Pérez F, Zuluaga T et al. Grupo de Resistencia Bacteriana Nosocomial de Colombia. [Antimicrobial resistance in Gram Negative bacteria isolated from intensive care units of Colombian hospitals, WHONET 2003, 2004 and 2005]. Biomedica 26, 424-433 (2006).
    • (2006) Biomedica , vol.26 , pp. 424-433
    • Miranda, M.C.1    Pérez, F.2    Zuluaga, T.3
  • 60
    • 51349090521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of metallo β lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ICU patients
    • Varaiya A, Kulkarni N, Kulkarni M, Bhalekar P, Dogra J. Incidence of metallo β lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ICU patients. Indian J. Med. Res. 127, 398-402 (2008).
    • (2008) Indian J. Med. Res , vol.127 , pp. 398-402
    • Varaiya, A.1    Kulkarni, N.2    Kulkarni, M.3    Bhalekar, P.4    Dogra, J.5
  • 61
    • 67651108810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiologic spectrum and susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates from the pediatric intensive care unit in a single medical center - 6 years' experience
    • Lee CY, Chen PY, Huang FL, Lin CF. Microbiologic spectrum and susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates from the pediatric intensive care unit in a single medical center - 6 years' experience. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 42, 160-165 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect , vol.42 , pp. 160-165
    • Lee, C.Y.1    Chen, P.Y.2    Huang, F.L.3    Lin, C.F.4
  • 62
    • 37149040172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial drug resistance in Singapore hospitals
    • Hsu LY, Tan TY, Jureen R et al. Antimicrobial drug resistance in Singapore hospitals. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13, 1944-1947 (2007).
    • (2007) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.13 , pp. 1944-1947
    • Hsu, L.Y.1    Tan, T.Y.2    Jureen, R.3
  • 63
    • 47249104395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates from a paediatric intensive care unit in Warsaw: Results from the MYSTIC programme (1997-2007)
    • Patzer JA, Dzierzanowska D, Turner PJ. Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates from a paediatric intensive care unit in Warsaw: results from the MYSTIC programme (1997-2007). J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62, 369-375 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Antimicrob. Chemother , vol.62 , pp. 369-375
    • Patzer, J.A.1    Dzierzanowska, D.2    Turner, P.J.3
  • 64
    • 77049119051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health-care associated infections rates, length of stay, and bacterial resistance in an intensive care unit of Morocco: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)
    • Madani N, Rosenthal VD, Dendane T, Abidi K, Zeggwagh AA, Abouqal R. Health-care associated infections rates, length of stay, and bacterial resistance in an intensive care unit of Morocco: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). Int. Arch. Med. 2, 29 (2009).
    • (2009) Int. Arch. Med , vol.2 , pp. 29
    • Madani, N.1    Rosenthal, V.D.2    Dendane, T.3    Abidi, K.4    Zeggwagh, A.A.5    Abouqal, R.6
  • 65
    • 0033732048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization pressure and risk of acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a medical intensive care unit
    • Merrer J, Santoli F, Appéré de Vecchi C, Tran B, De Jonghe B, Outin H. "Colonization pressure" and risk of acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a medical intensive care unit. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 21, 718-723 (2000).
    • (2000) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 718-723
    • Merrer, J.1    Santoli, F.2    Appéré de Vecchi, C.3    Tran, B.4    De Jonghe, B.5    Outin, H.6
  • 66
    • 36849045772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in health care settings, 2006
    • Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in health care settings, 2006. Am. J. Infect. Control. 35(10 Suppl. 2), S165-S193 (2007).
    • (2007) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.35 , Issue.10 SUPPL. 2
    • Siegel, J.D.1    Rhinehart, E.2    Jackson, M.3    Chiarello, L.4
  • 67
    • 1342332684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of nosocomial pathogens on hands after contact with environmental surfaces near hospitalized patients
    • Bhalla A, Pultz NJ, Gries DM et al. Acquisition of nosocomial pathogens on hands after contact with environmental surfaces near hospitalized patients. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 25, 164-167 (2004).
    • (2004) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 164-167
    • Bhalla, A.1    Pultz, N.J.2    Gries, D.M.3
  • 68
    • 67651149861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization World Alliance for Patient Safety First Global Patient Safety Challenge Core Group of Experts. The World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care and their consensus recommendations
    • Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Boyce J; World Health Organization World Alliance for Patient Safety First Global Patient Safety Challenge Core Group of Experts. The World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care and their consensus recommendations. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 30, 611-622 (2009).
    • (2009) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 611-622
    • Pittet, D.1    Allegranzi, B.2    Boyce, J.3
  • 69
    • 70350004872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of routine patient cleansing with chlorhexidine gluconate for infection prevention in the medical intensive care unit
    • Popovich KJ, Hota B, Hayes R, Weinstein RA, Hayden MK. Effectiveness of routine patient cleansing with chlorhexidine gluconate for infection prevention in the medical intensive care unit. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 30, 959-963 (2009).
    • (2009) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 959-963
    • Popovich, K.J.1    Hota, B.2    Hayes, R.3    Weinstein, R.A.4    Hayden, M.K.5
  • 70
    • 33144473431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bad bugs need drugs: An update on the development pipeline from the Antimicrobial Availability Task Force of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • Talbot GH, Bradley J, Edwards JE Jr, Gilbert D, Scheld M, Bartlett JG. Bad bugs need drugs: an update on the development pipeline from the Antimicrobial Availability Task Force of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42, 657-668 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.42 , pp. 657-668
    • Talbot, G.H.1    Bradley, J.2    Edwards Jr, J.E.3    Gilbert, D.4    Scheld, M.5    Bartlett, J.G.6
  • 71
    • 33746185704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial use and resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in an Italian intensive care unit (ICU)
    • Bassetti M, Cruciani M, Righi E et al. Antimicrobial use and resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in an Italian intensive care unit (ICU). J. Chemother. 18, 261-267 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Chemother , vol.18 , pp. 261-267
    • Bassetti, M.1    Cruciani, M.2    Righi, E.3
  • 72
    • 53949085115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between antibiotic usage and subsequent colonization or infection of extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A matched case - control study in intensive care units
    • Tsai HT, Wang JT, Chen CJ, Chang SC. Association between antibiotic usage and subsequent colonization or infection of extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a matched case - control study in intensive care units. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 62, 298-305 (2008).
    • (2008) Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis , vol.62 , pp. 298-305
    • Tsai, H.T.1    Wang, J.T.2    Chen, C.J.3    Chang, S.C.4
  • 73
    • 0034831601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a community hospital: Risk factors and clinical outcomes
    • Ibrahim EH, Tracy L, Hill C, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. The occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a community hospital: risk factors and clinical outcomes. Chest 120, 555-561 (2001).
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , pp. 555-561
    • Ibrahim, E.H.1    Tracy, L.2    Hill, C.3    Fraser, V.J.4    Kollef, M.H.5
  • 74
    • 33748071773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia: What is new?
    • Chastre J. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: what is new? Surg. Infect. (Larchmt). 7(Suppl. 2), S81-S85 (2006).
    • (2006) Surg. Infect. (Larchmt) , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Chastre, J.1
  • 75
    • 0345283255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 8 vs. 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: A randomized trial
    • Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY et al. Comparison of 8 vs. 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 290, 2588-2598 (2003).
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 2588-2598
    • Chastre, J.1    Wolff, M.2    Fagon, J.Y.3
  • 77
    • 37549057953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli
    • Hedrick TL, McElearney ST, Smith RL, Evans HL, Pruett TL, Sawyer RG. Duration of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli. Surg. Infect. (Larchmt). 8, 589-597 (2007).
    • (2007) Surg. Infect. (Larchmt) , vol.8 , pp. 589-597
    • Hedrick, T.L.1    McElearney, S.T.2    Smith, R.L.3    Evans, H.L.4    Pruett, T.L.5    Sawyer, R.G.6
  • 78
    • 0036924312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia: The importance of a deescalating strategy for antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in the ICU
    • Hoffken G, Niederman MS. Nosocomial pneumonia: the importance of a deescalating strategy for antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in the ICU. Chest 122, 2183-2196 (2002).
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 2183-2196
    • Hoffken, G.1    Niederman, M.S.2
  • 79
    • 0032911760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: A risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients
    • Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser V Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest 115, 462-474 (1999)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 462-474
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Sherman, G.2    Ward, S.3    Fraser, V.4
  • 80
    • 0030901413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Luna CM, Vujacich P, Niederman MS et al. Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 111, 676-685 (1997).
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 676-685
    • Luna, C.M.1    Vujacich, P.2    Niederman, M.S.3
  • 81
    • 36349026958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of inappropriate initial empiric parenteral antibiotic therapy among patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infections in Spain
    • Tellado JM, Sen SS, Caloto MT, Kumar RN, Nocea G. Consequences of inappropriate initial empiric parenteral antibiotic therapy among patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infections in Spain. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 39, 947-955 (2007).
    • (2007) Scand. J. Infect. Dis , vol.39 , pp. 947-955
    • Tellado, J.M.1    Sen, S.S.2    Caloto, M.T.3    Kumar, R.N.4    Nocea, G.5
  • 82
    • 50949102207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: Risk factors for inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy
    • Tumbarello M, Sali M, Trecarichi EM et al. Bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: risk factors for inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chem. 52, 3244-3252 (2008).
    • (2008) Antimicrob. Agents Chem , vol.52 , pp. 3244-3252
    • Tumbarello, M.1    Sali, M.2    Trecarichi, E.M.3
  • 83
    • 27144465823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial stewardship programs in healthcare systems
    • MacDougall C, Polk RE. Antimicrobial stewardship programs in healthcare systems. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18, 638-656 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Microbiol. Rev , vol.18 , pp. 638-656
    • MacDougall, C.1    Polk, R.E.2
  • 85
    • 68049131605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial stewardship: Application in the intensive care
    • Owens RC. Antimicrobial stewardship: application in the intensive care. Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am. 23, 683-702 (2009).
    • (2009) Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am , vol.23 , pp. 683-702
    • Owens, R.C.1
  • 86
    • 63249115759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial stewardship in the intensive care unit. Advances and obstacles
    • Lawrence KL, Kollef MH. Antimicrobial stewardship in the intensive care unit. Advances and obstacles. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 179, 434-438 (2009).
    • (2009) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med , vol.179 , pp. 434-438
    • Lawrence, K.L.1    Kollef, M.H.2
  • 87
    • 33745220192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of broad-spectrum antibiotic use with computerized decision support in an intensive care unit
    • Thursky KA, Buising KL, Bak N et al. Reduction of broad-spectrum antibiotic use with computerized decision support in an intensive care unit. Int. J. Qual. Health Care 18, 224-231 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Qual. Health Care , vol.18 , pp. 224-231
    • Thursky, K.A.1    Buising, K.L.2    Bak, N.3
  • 89
    • 43049150444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the infectious diseases specialist consultant on the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy prescription in an intensive care unit
    • Raineri E, Pan A, Mondello P, Acquarolo A, Candiani A, Crema L. Role of the infectious diseases specialist consultant on the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy prescription in an intensive care unit. Am. J. Infect. Control 36, 283-290 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.36 , pp. 283-290
    • Raineri, E.1    Pan, A.2    Mondello, P.3    Acquarolo, A.4    Candiani, A.5    Crema, L.6
  • 90
    • 40649087642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of procalcitonin to shorten antibiotic treatment duration in septic patients: A randomized trial
    • Nobre V, Harbarth S, Graf JD, Rohner P, Pugin J. Use of procalcitonin to shorten antibiotic treatment duration in septic patients: a randomized trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 177, 498-505 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.177 , pp. 498-505
    • Nobre, V.1    Harbarth, S.2    Graf, J.D.3    Rohner, P.4    Pugin, J.5
  • 91
    • 67749090915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance among therapeutic options against Gram-negative pathogens
    • Rahal JJ. Antimicrobial resistance among therapeutic options against Gram-negative pathogens. Clin. Infect. Dis. 49(Suppl. 1), S4-S10 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Rahal, J.J.1
  • 92
    • 64949100543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination antimicrobial treatment versus monotherapy: The contribution of meta-analyses
    • Paul MP, Leibovici L. Combination antimicrobial treatment versus monotherapy: the contribution of meta-analyses. Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am. 23, 277-293 (2009).
    • (2009) Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am , vol.23 , pp. 277-293
    • Paul, M.P.1    Leibovici, L.2
  • 93
    • 4043059435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does combination antimicrobial therapy reduce mortality in Gram-negative bacteraemia? A meta-analysis
    • Safdar N, Handelsman J, Maki DG. Does combination antimicrobial therapy reduce mortality in Gram-negative bacteraemia? A meta-analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 4, 519-527 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet Infect. Dis , vol.4 , pp. 519-527
    • Safdar, N.1    Handelsman, J.2    Maki, D.G.3
  • 94
    • 1642395344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
    • Paul M, Benuri-Silbiger I, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L. β lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Br. Med. J. 328, 668 (2004).
    • (2004) Br. Med. J , vol.328 , pp. 668
    • Paul, M.1    Benuri-Silbiger, I.2    Soares-Weiser, K.3    Leibovici, L.4
  • 95
    • 33645532626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paul M, Silbiger I, Grozinsky S, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L. β lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus β lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. CD003344 (2006).
    • Paul M, Silbiger I, Grozinsky S, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L. β lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus β lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. CD003344 (2006).
  • 96
    • 37549047587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
    • Aarts MA, Hancock JN, Heyland D et al. Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit. Care Med. 36, 108-117 (2008).
    • (2008) Crit. Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 108-117
    • Aarts, M.A.1    Hancock, J.N.2    Heyland, D.3
  • 98
    • 40749099832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of bacteremia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam: Implications on the appropriateness of the resistance breakpoint
    • Tam VH, Gamez EA, Weston JS, Gerard LN, La Rocco MT, Caeiro JP. Outcomes of bacteremia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam: implications on the appropriateness of the resistance breakpoint. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46, 862-867 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.46 , pp. 862-867
    • Tam, V.H.1    Gamez, E.A.2    Weston, J.S.3    Gerard, L.N.4    La Rocco, M.T.5    Caeiro, J.P.6
  • 99
    • 77749241639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of different EUCAST and CLSI interpretive breakpoints on antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SMART2007
    • Presented at:, Helsinki, Finland, 16-19 May, Abstract P818
    • Badal R, Bouchillon S, Hawser S et al. Impact of different EUCAST and CLSI interpretive breakpoints on antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SMART2007. Presented at: 19th European Congress of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Helsinki, Finland, 16-19 May 2009 (Abstract P818).
    • (2009) 19th European Congress of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
    • Badal, R.1    Bouchillon, S.2    Hawser, S.3
  • 100
    • 33847155159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults
    • Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44(Suppl. 2), S27-S72 (2007).
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.44 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Mandell, L.A.1    Wunderink, R.G.2    Anzueto, A.3
  • 101
    • 41549099609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa serious infections: Mono or combination antimicrobial therapy
    • Bassetti M, Righi E, Viscoli C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa serious infections: mono or combination antimicrobial therapy. Curr. Med. Chem. 15, 517-522 (2008).
    • (2008) Curr. Med. Chem , vol.15 , pp. 517-522
    • Bassetti, M.1    Righi, E.2    Viscoli, C.3
  • 102
    • 70349173209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility relationship between vancomycin and daptomycin in Staphylococcus aureus: Facts and assumption
    • Morse PA, North N, Steenbergen JN, Sakoulas G. Susceptibility relationship between vancomycin and daptomycin in Staphylococcus aureus: facts and assumption. Lancet Infect. Dis. 9, 617-624 (2009).
    • (2009) Lancet Infect. Dis , vol.9 , pp. 617-624
    • Morse, P.A.1    North, N.2    Steenbergen, J.N.3    Sakoulas, G.4
  • 103
    • 34447278781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin in vitro bactericidal activity and its relationship to efficacy in clearance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
    • Moise PA, Sakoulas G, Forrest A, Schentag JJ. Vancomycin in vitro bactericidal activity and its relationship to efficacy in clearance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 2582-2586 (2007).
    • (2007) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 2582-2586
    • Moise, P.A.1    Sakoulas, G.2    Forrest, A.3    Schentag, J.J.4
  • 104
    • 2942558870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of MIC and bactericidal activity to efficacy of vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
    • Sakoulas G, Moise-Broder PA, Schentag J, Forrest A, Moellering RC Jr, Eliopoulos GM. Relationship of MIC and bactericidal activity to efficacy of vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 2398-2402 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 2398-2402
    • Sakoulas, G.1    Moise-Broder, P.A.2    Schentag, J.3    Forrest, A.4    Moellering Jr, R.C.5    Eliopoulos, G.M.6
  • 105
    • 2942515665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessory gene regulator group II polymorphism in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is predictive of failure of vancomycin therapy
    • Moise-Broder PA, Sakoulas G, Eliopoulos GM, Schentag JJ, Forrest A, Moellering RC Jr. Accessory gene regulator group II polymorphism in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is predictive of failure of vancomycin therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38, 1700-1705 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.38 , pp. 1700-1705
    • Moise-Broder, P.A.1    Sakoulas, G.2    Eliopoulos, G.M.3    Schentag, J.J.4    Forrest, A.5    Moellering Jr., R.C.6
  • 106
    • 33750285524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: Efficacy and toxicity
    • Hidayat LK, Hsu DI, Quist R, Shriner KA, Wong-Beringer A. High-dose vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: efficacy and toxicity. Arch. Intern. Med. 166, 2138-2144 (2006).
    • (2006) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.166 , pp. 2138-2144
    • Hidayat, L.K.1    Hsu, D.I.2    Quist, R.3    Shriner, K.A.4    Wong-Beringer, A.5
  • 107
    • 33748553406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of the relationship between MRSA bacteremia with a vancomycin MIC of 2μg/ml and risk factors, costs, and outcomes in inpatients undergoing hemodialysis
    • Maclayton DO, Suda KJ, Coval KA, York CB, Garey KW. Case-control study of the relationship between MRSA bacteremia with a vancomycin MIC of 2μg/ml and risk factors, costs, and outcomes in inpatients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin. Ther. 28, 1208-1216 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Ther , vol.28 , pp. 1208-1216
    • Maclayton, D.O.1    Suda, K.J.2    Coval, K.A.3    York, C.B.4    Garey, K.W.5
  • 108
    • 39449112495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
    • Soriano A, Marco F, Martinez JA et al. Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46, 193-200 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.46 , pp. 193-200
    • Soriano, A.1    Marco, F.2    Martinez, J.A.3
  • 109
    • 50949085411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between vancomycin MIC and failure among patients with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia treated with vancomycin
    • Lodise TP, Graves J, Evans A et al. Relationship between vancomycin MIC and failure among patients with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia treated with vancomycin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 3315-3320 (2008).
    • (2008) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 3315-3320
    • Lodise, T.P.1    Graves, J.2    Evans, A.3
  • 110
    • 10744224536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment outcomes for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility
    • Howden BP, Ward PB, Charles PG et al. Treatment outcomes for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38, 521-528 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.38 , pp. 521-528
    • Howden, B.P.1    Ward, P.B.2    Charles, P.G.3
  • 111
    • 67650761454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • hVISA/VISA: Diagnostic and therapeutic problems
    • Szabó J. hVISA/VISA: diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 7, 1-3 (2009).
    • (2009) Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther , vol.7 , pp. 1-3
    • Szabó, J.1
  • 112
    • 34247282090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rationale for revising the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration interpretive criteria for Staphylococcus aureus
    • Tenover FC, Moellering RC Jr. The rationale for revising the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration interpretive criteria for Staphylococcus aureus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44, 1208-1215 (2007).
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.44 , pp. 1208-1215
    • Tenover, F.C.1    Moellering Jr., R.C.2
  • 113
    • 63649144522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical relationship between the clinical outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin
    • Price J, Atkinson S, Llewelyn M, Paul J. Paradoxical relationship between the clinical outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin. Clin. Infect. Dis. 48, 996-997 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.48 , pp. 996-997
    • Price, J.1    Atkinson, S.2    Llewelyn, M.3    Paul, J.4
  • 114
    • 67651124623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soriano A, Martinez JA, Mensa J. Reply to Price et al. and to Pea and Viale. Clin. Infect. Dis. 49, 643-645 (2009).
    • Soriano A, Martinez JA, Mensa J. Reply to Price et al. and to Pea and Viale. Clin. Infect. Dis. 49, 643-645 (2009).
  • 115
    • 67651100436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin an infallible predictor of the clinical outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia treated with vancomycin?
    • Pea F, Viale P. Is the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin an infallible predictor of the clinical outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia treated with vancomycin? Clin. Infect. Dis. 49, 642-643 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.49 , pp. 642-643
    • Pea, F.1    Viale, P.2
  • 116
    • 33744823760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antimicrobial therapy puzzle: Could pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships be helpful in addressing the issue of appropriate pneumonia treatment in critically ill patients?
    • Pea F, Viale P. The antimicrobial therapy puzzle: could pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships be helpful in addressing the issue of appropriate pneumonia treatment in critically ill patients? Clin. Infect. Dis. 42, 1764-1771 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1764-1771
    • Pea, F.1    Viale, P.2
  • 117
    • 17944367778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous versus intermittent infusion of vancomycin in severe staphylococcal infections: Prospective multicenter randomized study
    • Wysocki M, Delatour F, Faurisson F et al. Continuous versus intermittent infusion of vancomycin in severe staphylococcal infections: prospective multicenter randomized study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45,2460-2467 (2001).
    • (2001) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 2460-2467
    • Wysocki, M.1    Delatour, F.2    Faurisson, F.3
  • 118
    • 66149108761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospectively validated dosing nomograms for maximizing the pharmacodynamics of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion in the critically ill patients: The Optivanco study
    • Pea F, Furlanut M, Negri C et al. Prospectively validated dosing nomograms for maximizing the pharmacodynamics of vancomycin administered by continuous infusion in the critically ill patients: the Optivanco study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 1863-1867 (2009).
    • (2009) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 1863-1867
    • Pea, F.1    Furlanut, M.2    Negri, C.3
  • 119
    • 50349092141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better outcomes through continuous infusion of time-dependent antibiotics to critically ill patients?
    • Roberts JA, Lipman J, Blot S, Rello J. Better outcomes through continuous infusion of time-dependent antibiotics to critically ill patients? Curr. Opin. Crit. Care. 14, 390-396 (2008).
    • (2008) Curr. Opin. Crit. Care , vol.14 , pp. 390-396
    • Roberts, J.A.1    Lipman, J.2    Blot, S.3    Rello, J.4
  • 120
    • 24944459102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia caused by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treated with glycopeptides
    • Rello J, Sole-Violan J, Sa-Borges M et al. Pneumonia caused by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treated with glycopeptides. Crit. Care Med. 33, 1983-1987 (2005).
    • (2005) Crit. Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1983-1987
    • Rello, J.1    Sole-Violan, J.2    Sa-Borges, M.3
  • 121
    • 70350510606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adults summary of consensus recommendations from the American Society of health-system pharmacists, the infectious diseases society of America, and the society of infectious diseases pharmacists
    • Rybak MJ, Lomaestro BM, Rotschafer JC et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adults summary of consensus recommendations from the American Society of health-system pharmacists, the infectious diseases society of America, and the society of infectious diseases pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy 29, 1275-1279 (2009).
    • (2009) Pharmacotherapy , vol.29 , pp. 1275-1279
    • Rybak, M.J.1    Lomaestro, B.M.2    Rotschafer, J.C.3
  • 122
    • 67651083250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin therapeutic guidelines: A summary of consensus recommendations from the infectious diseases Society of America, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
    • Rybak MJ, Lomaestro BM, Rotscahfer JC et al. Vancomycin therapeutic guidelines: a summary of consensus recommendations from the infectious diseases Society of America, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Clin. Infect. Dis. 49, 325-327 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.49 , pp. 325-327
    • Rybak, M.J.1    Lomaestro, B.M.2    Rotscahfer, J.C.3
  • 123
  • 124
    • 67650714628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia
    • El Solh AA, Alhajhusain A. Update on the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 64, 229-238 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Antimicrob. Chemother , vol.64 , pp. 229-238
    • El Solh, A.A.1    Alhajhusain, A.2
  • 125
    • 70350459302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: Appropriate antibiotic therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock - does the dose matter?
    • Pea F, Viale P. Bench-to-bedside review: appropriate antibiotic therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock - does the dose matter? Crit. Care 13, 214 (2009).
    • (2009) Crit. Care , vol.13 , pp. 214
    • Pea, F.1    Viale, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.