메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 870-880

Predominance of orthal masticatory movements in the early Miocene Eucholaeops (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) and other megatherioid sloths

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRANIUM; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION KEY; MAMMAL; MIOCENE; MUSCLE; NOMENCLATURE; PHYLOGENETICS; TOOTH;

EID: 77749270477     PISSN: 02724634     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1671/039.029.0324     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0002363838 scopus 로고
    • Enumeración sistemá tica de las especies de maḿ-feros fó siles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia austral y depositados en el Museo de La Plata
    • Ameghino, F. 1887. Enumeración sistemá tica de las especies de mamí-feros fó siles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia austral y depositados en el Museo de La Plata. Boletín del Museo de La Plata 1:1-26.
    • (1887) Boletín Del Museo de la Plata , vol.1 , pp. 1-26
    • Ameghino, F.1
  • 2
    • 0003242169 scopus 로고
    • Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fó siles de la Repú blica Argentina
    • Ameghino, F. 1889. Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fó siles de la Repú blica Argentina. Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Có rdoba 6:1-1027.
    • (1889) Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Có Rdoba , vol.6 , pp. 1-1027
    • Ameghino, F.1
  • 3
    • 0006107080 scopus 로고
    • Nuevos restos de mamíferos fó siles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral.Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones
    • Ameghino, F. 1891. Nuevos restos de mamíferos fó siles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural 1:289-328.
    • (1891) Revista Argentina de Historia Natural , vol.1 , pp. 289-328
    • Ameghino, F.1
  • 4
    • 0000729925 scopus 로고
    • Enumération synoptique des espéces de Mammifè res fossiles des formations éocènes de Patagonie
    • Ameghino, F. 1894. Enumération synoptique des espéces de Mammifè res fossiles des formations éocènes de Patagonie. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Có rdoba 13:259-455.
    • (1894) Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Có Rdoba , vol.13 , pp. 259-455
    • Ameghino, F.1
  • 5
    • 0034987909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ground sloth Megatherium americanum: Skull shape, bite forces, and diet
    • Bargo, M. S. 2001. The ground sloth Megatherium americanum: skull shape, bite forces, and diet. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 46:41-60.
    • (2001) Acta Paleontologica Polonica , vol.46 , pp. 41-60
    • Bargo, M.S.1
  • 6
    • 47249130033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): Biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
    • Bargo, M. S., and S. F. Vizcáno. 2008. Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus. Ameghiniana 45:175-196.
    • (2008) Ameghiniana , vol.45 , pp. 175-196
    • Bargo, M.S.1    Vizcáno., S.F.2
  • 7
    • 33644869159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muzzle of South American ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada)
    • Bargo, M. S., N. Toledo, and S. F. Vizcáno. 2006. Muzzle of South American ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada). Journal of Morphology 267:248-263.
    • (2006) Journal of Morphology , vol.267 , pp. 248-263
    • Bargo, M.S.1    Toledo, N.2    Vizcáno., S.F.3
  • 8
    • 0034347723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb bone proportions, strength and digging in some Lujanian (late Pleistocene-early Holocene) mylodontid ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra)
    • Bargo, M. S., S. F. Vizcáno, F. M. Archuby, and R. E. Blanco. 2000. Limb bone proportions, strength and digging in some Lujanian (late Pleistocene-early Holocene) mylodontid ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20:601-610.
    • (2000) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.20 , pp. 601-610
    • Bargo, M.S.1    Vizcáno, S.F.2    Archuby, F.M.3    Blanco, R.E.4
  • 9
    • 77749326646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) de la Formación Ituzaingó (Mioceno Superior-Plioceno) de la provincia de Entre Ŕos
    • Brandoni, D. 2005. Los Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) de la Formación Ituzaingó (Mioceno Superior-Plioceno) de la provincia de Entre Ŕos. INSUGEO, Miscelánea 14:27-35.
    • (2005) INSUGEO, Miscelánea , vol.14 , pp. 27-35
    • Brandoni, D.1
  • 10
    • 33646452915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of Pliomegatherium Kraglievich, 1930 (Xenarthra: Phyllophaga: Megatheriidae)
    • Brandoni, D. 2006. A review of Pliomegatherium Kraglievich, 1930 (Xenarthra: Phyllophaga: Megatheriidae). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 4:212-224.
    • (2006) Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte , vol.4 , pp. 212-224
    • Brandoni, D.1
  • 11
    • 12144273285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pes of Pyramiodontherium bergi (Moreno and Mercerat, 1891) (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga): The most complete pes of a Tertiary Megatheriinae
    • Brandoni, D., A. A. Carlini, F. Pujos, and G. J. Scillato-Yané . 2004. The pes of Pyramiodontherium bergi (Moreno and Mercerat, 1891) (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga): the most complete pes of a Tertiary Megatheriinae. Geodiversitas 26:643-659.
    • (2004) Geodiversitas , vol.26 , pp. 643-659
    • Brandoni, D.1    Carlini, A.A.2    Pujos, F.3    Scillato-Yané, G.J.4
  • 12
    • 5144221185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oldest Megalonychidae (Xenarthra: Tardigrada): phylogenetic relationships and an emended diagnosis of the family
    • Carlini, A. A., and G. J. Scillato-Yané . 2004. The oldest Megalonychidae (Xenarthra: Tardigrada): phylogenetic relationships and an emended diagnosis of the family. Neues ahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 233:423-443.
    • (2004) Neues Ahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen , vol.233 , pp. 423-443
    • Carlini, A.A.1    Scillato-Yané ., G.J.2
  • 13
    • 0000239721 scopus 로고
    • Experimentally produced tooth wear facets and the direction of jaw motion
    • Costa, R. L., Jr., and W. S. Greaves. 1981. Experimentally produced tooth wear facets and the direction of jaw motion. Journal of Paleontology 55:635-638.
    • (1981) Journal of Paleontology , vol.55 , pp. 635-638
    • Costa Jr., R.L.1    Greaves, W.S.2
  • 14
    • 0014682050 scopus 로고
    • Functional occlusion in tribosphenic molars
    • Crompton, A. W., and K. M. Hiiemae. 1969a. Functional occlusion in tribosphenic molars. Nature 222:678-679.
    • (1969) Nature , vol.222 , pp. 678-679
    • Crompton, A.W.1    Hiiemae, K.M.2
  • 15
    • 0344404727 scopus 로고
    • How mammalian molar teeth work
    • Crompton, A. W., and K. M. Hiiemae. 1969b. How mammalian molar teeth work. Discovery 5:23-34.
    • (1969) Discovery , vol.5 , pp. 23-34
    • Crompton, A.W.1    Hiiemae, K.M.2
  • 16
    • 0001025061 scopus 로고
    • Notice sur le squelette d'une très-grande espèce de quadrupède inconnue jusqu'à pré sent, trouvé au Paraquay, et dé -posé au cabinet d'histoire naturelle de Madrid
    • des Lettres et des Arts, 1796(2) 227-228
    • Cuvier, G. 1796. Notice sur le squelette d'une très-grande espèce de quadrupède inconnue jusqu'à pré sent, trouvé au Paraquay, et dé -posé au cabinet d'histoire naturelle de Madrid. Magasin Encyclopè -dique: ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts 1796(1): 303-310; 1796(2):227-228.
    • (1796) Magasin Encyclopè -diqueou Journal des Sciences , Issue.1 , pp. 303-310
    • Cuvier, G.1
  • 17
    • 33646448014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a morphofunctional understanding of the humerus of Megatheriinae: The identity and homology of some diaphyseal humeral features (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae)
    • DeIuliis, G. 2003. Toward a morphofunctional understanding of the humerus of Megatheriinae: The identity and homology of some diaphyseal humeral features (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83:69-78.
    • (2003) Senckenbergiana Biologica , vol.83 , pp. 69-78
    • Deiuliis, G.1
  • 18
    • 0001237248 scopus 로고
    • Relationships of the Megatheriinae, Nothrotheriinae, and Planopsinae: Some skeletal characteristics and their importance for phylogeny
    • DeIuliis, G. 1994. Relationships of the Megatheriinae, Nothrotheriinae, and Planopsinae: some skeletal characteristics and their importance for phylogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14:577-591.
    • (1994) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.14 , pp. 577-591
    • Deiuliis, G.1
  • 19
    • 2442430311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Toro Negro megatheriine: A new species and implications for taxonomy and function
    • DeIuliis, G., G. H. Ré , and S. F. Vizcáno. 2004. The Toro Negro megatheriine: a new species and implications for taxonomy and function. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:214-227.
    • (2004) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.24 , pp. 214-227
    • Deiuliis, G.1    Ré, G.H.2    Vizcáno., S.F.3
  • 20
    • 0009318953 scopus 로고
    • A new Deseadan sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from Salla, Bolivia, and its implications for the primitive conditions of the dentition in edentates
    • Engelmann, G. F. 1987. A new Deseadan sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from Salla, Bolivia, and its implications for the primitive conditions of the dentition in edentates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:217-223.
    • (1987) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.7 , pp. 217-223
    • Engelmann, G.F.1
  • 21
    • 0002691934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass estimations in Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene of South America) mammal megafauna
    • Fariña, R. A., S. F. Vizcáno, and M. S. Bargo. 1998. Body mass estimations in Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene of South America) mammal megafauna. Mastozoología Neotropical 5:87-108.
    • (1998) Mastozoología Neotropical , vol.5 , pp. 87-108
    • Fariña, R.A.1    Vizcáno, S.F.2    Bargo, M.S.3
  • 23
    • 0001899734 scopus 로고
    • Age of the Pinturas and Santa Cruz formations. VI Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía. (Trelew, Argentina)
    • Fleagle, J. G., T. M. Bown, C. C. Swisher III, and G. A. Buckley. 1995. Age of the Pinturas and Santa Cruz formations. VI Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía. (Trelew, Argentina), Actas:129-135.
    • (1995) Actas , pp. 129-135
    • Fleagle, J.G.1    Bown, T.M.2    Iii Swisher, C.C.3    Buckley, G.A.4
  • 24
    • 53349171296 scopus 로고
    • The ear region of Edentates and the phylogeny of the Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra)
    • Gaudin, T. J. 1995. The ear region of Edentates and the phylogeny of the Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15:672-705.
    • (1995) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.15 , pp. 672-705
    • Gaudin, T.J.1
  • 25
    • 1242310676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): The craniodental evidence
    • Gaudin, T. J. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140:255-305.
    • (2004) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.140 , pp. 255-305
    • Gaudin, T.J.1
  • 26
    • 65249107017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology-based investigations of the phylogenetic relationships among extant and fossil xenarthrans
    • S. F. Vizcáno and W. J. Loughry (eds.), University Press of Florida, Florida
    • Gaudin, T., and H. G. McDonald. 2008. Morphology-based investigations of the phylogenetic relationships among extant and fossil xenarthrans; pp. 24-36 in S. F. Vizcáno and W. J. Loughry (eds.), The Biology of the Xenarthra. University Press of Florida, Florida.
    • (2008) The Biology of the Xenarthra , pp. 24-36
    • Gaudin, T.1    McDonald, H.G.2
  • 27
    • 0004345195 scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur les mammifères fossils de l'Amérique méridionale
    • Gervais, P. 1855. Recherches sur les mammifères fossils de l'Amérique méridionale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie 4(3): 330-338.
    • (1855) Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 330-338
    • Gervais, P.1
  • 28
    • 0015437243 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the merycoidodont masticatory apparatus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)
    • Greaves, W. S. 1973. Evolution of the merycoidodont masticatory apparatus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla). Evolution 26:659-667.
    • (1973) Evolution , vol.26 , pp. 659-667
    • Greaves, W.S.1
  • 29
    • 0002161899 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian mastication: A review of the activity of the jaw muscles and movements they produce in chewing
    • P. M. Butler and K. A. Joysey (eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • Hiiemae, K. M. 1978. Mammalian mastication: a review of the activity of the jaw muscles and movements they produce in chewing; pp. 359-398 in P. M. Butler and K. A. Joysey (eds.), Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1978) Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth , pp. 359-398
    • Hiiemae, K.M.1
  • 30
    • 0001159638 scopus 로고
    • Mastication, food transport, and swallowing
    • M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble, K. F. Liem, and D. B. Wake (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge and London
    • Hiiemae, K. M., and A. W. Crompton. 1985. Mastication, food transport, and swallowing; pp. 262-290 in M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble, K. F. Liem, and D. B. Wake (eds.), Functional Vertebrate Morphology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge and London.
    • (1985) Functional Vertebrate Morphology , pp. 262-290
    • Hiiemae, K.M.1    Crompton, A.W.2
  • 31
    • 0015520311 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the evolution of primate mastication
    • Hiiemae, K. M., and R. F. Kay. 1972. Trends in the evolution of primate mastication. Nature 240:486-487.
    • (1972) Nature , vol.240 , pp. 486-487
    • Hiiemae, K.M.1    Kay, R.F.2
  • 32
    • 0002313212 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary trends in the dynamics of primate mastication
    • Craniofacial Biology of Primates
    • Hiiemae, K. M., and R. F. Kay. 1973. Evolutionary trends in the dynamics of primate mastication. Symposium IVth International Congress of Primatology. Craniofacial Biology of Primates 3:28-64.
    • (1973) Symposium IVth International Congress of Primatology , vol.3 , pp. 28-64
    • Hiiemae, K.M.1    Kay, R.F.2
  • 33
    • 0000342814 scopus 로고
    • Edentés Xénarthres
    • J Piveteau (ed.), Paris
    • Hoffstetter, R. 1958. Edentés Xénarthres; in J. Piveteau (ed.), Traité de Paléontologie, Vol.6:535-636. Paris.
    • (1958) Traité de Paléontologie , vol.6 , pp. 535-636
    • Hoffstetter, R.1
  • 34
    • 0000846704 scopus 로고
    • Les édentés xénarthres, un groupe singulier de la faune néotropicale (origines, affinité s, radiation adaptative, migrations et extinctions)
    • E. Montanaro Gallitelli (ed.)
    • Hoffstetter, R. 1982. Les édentés xénarthres, un groupe singulier de la faune néotropicale (origines, affinité s, radiation adaptative, migrations et extinctions); pp. 385-443 in E. Montanaro Gallitelli (ed.), Proceedings of the First International Meeting on "Paleontology, Essential of Historical Geology," Modena.
    • (1982) Proceedings of the First International Meeting on "paleontology, Essential of Historical Geology," Modena , pp. 385-443
    • Hoffstetter, R.1
  • 35
    • 0031788797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mandibular corpus strain in primates: Further evidence for a functional link between symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force
    • Hylander, W. L., M. J. Ravosa, C. F. Ross, and K. R. Johnson. 1998. Mandibular corpus strain in primates: Further evidence for a functional link between symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 107:257-271.
    • (1998) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.107 , pp. 257-271
    • Hylander, W.L.1    Ravosa, M.J.2    Ross, C.F.3    Johnson, K.R.4
  • 37
    • 0016825530 scopus 로고
    • The functional adaptations of primate molar teeth
    • Kay, R. F. 1975. The functional adaptations of primate molar teeth. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 42:195-215.
    • (1975) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.42 , pp. 195-215
    • Kay, R.F.1
  • 38
    • 0002692444 scopus 로고
    • Molar structure and diet in extant Cercopithecidae
    • P. M. Butler and K. A. Joysey (eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • Kay, R. F. 1978. Molar structure and diet in extant Cercopithecidae; pp. 309-340 in P. M. Butler and K. A. Joysey (eds.), Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1978) Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth , pp. 309-340
    • Kay, R.F.1
  • 39
    • 0002730398 scopus 로고
    • Mastication in Galago crassicaudatus, a cinefluorographic and occlusal study
    • R. D. Martin, G. A. Doyle, and A. C. Walker (eds.), Duckworth, London
    • Kay, R. F., and K. M. Hiiemae. 1974. Mastication in Galago crassicaudatus, a cinefluorographic and occlusal study; in R. D. Martin, G. A. Doyle, and A. C. Walker (eds.), Prosimian Biology. Duckworth, London.
    • (1974) Prosimian Biology
    • Kay, R.F.1    Hiiemae, K.M.2
  • 40
    • 0002312995 scopus 로고
    • The dental structure of mammalian folivores with special reference to Primates and Phalangeroidea (Marsupialia)
    • G. G. Montgomery (ed.), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC
    • Kay, R. F., and W. L. Hylander. 1978. The dental structure of mammalian folivores with special reference to Primates and Phalangeroidea (Marsupialia); pp. 173-192 in G. G. Montgomery (ed.), The Biology of Arboreal Folivores. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.
    • (1978) The Biology of Arboreal Folivores , pp. 173-192
    • Kay, R.F.1    Hylander, W.L.2
  • 41
    • 0003329207 scopus 로고
    • Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
    • Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.
    • (1758) Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm , pp. 824
    • Linnaeus, C.1
  • 43
    • 0037136747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The large scelidothere Catonyx tarijensis (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the Pleistocene of Uruguay
    • McDonald, H. G., and D. Perea. 2002. The large scelidothere Catonyx tarijensis (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the Pleistocene of Uruguay. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22:677-683.
    • (2002) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.22 , pp. 677-683
    • McDonald, H.G.1    Perea, D.2
  • 44
    • 47249088180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil history of sloths
    • S. F. Vizcáno and W. J. Loughry (eds.), University Press of Florida, Florida
    • McDonald, H. G., and G. DeIuliis. 2008. Fossil history of sloths; pp. 39-55 in S. F. Vizcáno and W. J. Loughry (eds.), The Biology of the Xenarthra. University Press of Florida, Florida.
    • (2008) The Biology of the Xenarthra , pp. 39-55
    • McDonald, H.G.1    Deiuliis, G.2
  • 46
    • 34848872272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleogene pseudoglyptodont xenarthrans from central Chile and Argentine Patagonia
    • McKenna, M. C., A. R. Wyss, and J. J. Flynn. 2006. Paleogene pseudoglyptodont xenarthrans from central Chile and Argentine Patagonia. American Museum Novitates 3536:1-18.
    • (2006) American Museum Novitates , vol.3536 , pp. 1-18
    • McKenna, M.C.1    Wyss, A.R.2    Flynn, J.J.3
  • 47
    • 0002085622 scopus 로고
    • Palaeovertebrata Sudamericana. Catálogo sistemá tico de los vertebrados fó siles de Amé rica del Sur. Parte I. Lista preliminar y bibliografía
    • Mones, A. 1986. Palaeovertebrata Sudamericana. Catálogo sistemá tico de los vertebrados fó siles de Amé rica del Sur. Parte I. Lista preliminar y bibliografía. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 82:1-625.
    • (1986) Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg , vol.82 , pp. 1-625
    • Mones, A.1
  • 48
    • 0028975593 scopus 로고
    • An aquatic sloth from the Pliocene of Peru
    • Muizon, C., de and McDonald H.G. 1995. An aquatic sloth from the Pliocene of Peru. Nature 375:224-227.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 224-227
    • De, M.C.1    McDonald, H.G.2
  • 50
    • 0002148870 scopus 로고
    • Cranial osteology and function in the tree sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus
    • Naples, V. L. 1982. Cranial osteology and function in the tree sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus. American Museum Novitates 2739:1-41.
    • (1982) American Museum Novitates , vol.2739 , pp. 1-41
    • Naples, V.L.1
  • 51
    • 0022001070 scopus 로고
    • Form and function of the masticatory musculature in the tree sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus
    • Naples, V. L. 1985. Form and function of the masticatory musculature in the tree sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus. Journal of Morphology 183:25-50.
    • (1985) Journal of Morphology , vol.183 , pp. 25-50
    • Naples, V.L.1
  • 52
    • 0001840940 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of cranial morphology and analysis of function in Nothrotheriops shastensis
    • Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
    • Naples, V. L. 1987. Reconstruction of cranial morphology and analysis of function in Nothrotheriops shastensis. Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History 389:1-21.
    • (1987) Contributions in Science , vol.389 , pp. 1-21
    • Naples, V.L.1
  • 53
    • 0002545242 scopus 로고
    • The feeding mechanism in the Pleistocene ground sloth
    • Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
    • Naples, V. L. 1989. The feeding mechanism in the Pleistocene ground sloth, Glossotherium, Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History 425:1-23.
    • (1989) Glossotherium, Contributions in Science , vol.425 , pp. 1-23
    • Naples, V.L.1
  • 54
    • 33144480215 scopus 로고
    • Fossil Mammalia (2)
    • C. R. Darwin (ed.), London
    • Owen, R. 1839. Fossil Mammalia (2), in C. R. Darwin (ed.), The Zoology of the Voyage of the M.S.H. Beagle. London, 1(7):41-64.
    • (1839) The Zoology of the Voyage of the M.S.H. Beagle , vol.1 , Issue.7 , pp. 41-64
    • Owen, R.1
  • 55
    • 1842865453 scopus 로고
    • Fossil Mammalia (4)
    • C. R. Darwin (ed.), London
    • Owen, R. 1840. Fossil Mammalia (4), in C. R. Darwin (ed.), The Zoology of the Voyage of the M.S.H. Beagle. London, 1(13):81-111.
    • (1840) The Zoology of the Voyage of the M.S.H. Beagle , vol.1 , Issue.13 , pp. 81-111
    • Owen, R.1
  • 57
    • 77749334842 scopus 로고
    • Letter from Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S. &c., on Dr. Harlan's notice of new fossil Mammalia
    • Owen, R. 1843. Letter from Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S. &c., on Dr. Harlan's notice of new fossil Mammalia. American Journal of Science 44:341-345.
    • (1843) American Journal of Science , vol.44 , pp. 341-345
    • Owen, R.1
  • 58
    • 0002508362 scopus 로고
    • The fossil mammal fauna of South America
    • A. Keast, F. C. Erk, and B. Glass (eds.), State University of New York Press, Albany
    • Patterson, B., and R. Pascual. 1972. The fossil mammal fauna of South America; pp. 246-309 in A. Keast, F. C. Erk, and B. Glass (eds.), Evolution, Mammals, and Southern Continents. State University of New York Press, Albany.
    • (1972) Evolution, Mammals, and Southern Continents , pp. 246-309
    • Patterson, B.1    Pascual, R.2
  • 59
    • 0027090891 scopus 로고
    • The ear region in xenarthrans (= Edentata: Mammalia) Part II. Pilosa (sloths, anteaters), palaeanodonts, and a miscellany
    • (New Series)
    • Patterson, B., W. D. Turnbull, W. Segall, and T. J. Gaudin. 1992. The ear region in xenarthrans (= Edentata: Mammalia). Part II. Pilosa (sloths, anteaters), palaeanodonts, and a miscellany. Fieldiana Geology (New Series) 24:1-78.
    • (1992) Fieldiana Geology , vol.24 , pp. 1-78
    • Patterson, B.1    Turnbull, W.D.2    Segall, W.3    Gaudin, T.J.4
  • 60
    • 0007700580 scopus 로고
    • Tratado de Paleomastozoologia
    • Academia Brasileira, de Ciências
    • Paula Couto, C. 1979. Tratado de Paleomastozoologia. Río de Janeiro. Academia Brasileira, de Ciências, 590 pp.
    • (1979) Ŕo de Janeiro , pp. 590
    • Paula Couto, C.1
  • 61
    • 0001195015 scopus 로고
    • An occlusion model for mastication and dental wear in herbivorous mammals
    • Rensberger, J. M. 1973. An occlusion model for mastication and dental wear in herbivorous mammals. Journal of Paleontology 47:515-528.
    • (1973) Journal of Paleontology , vol.47 , pp. 515-528
    • Rensberger, J.M.1
  • 62
    • 33846638392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implication for sloth history
    • Pujos, F., G. DeIuliis, C. Argot, and L. Werdelin. 2007. A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implication for sloth history. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149:179-235.
    • (2007) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.149 , pp. 179-235
    • Pujos, F.1    Deiuliis, G.2    Argot, C.3    Werdelin, L.4
  • 63
    • 0004852504 scopus 로고
    • Mammalia of the santa Cruz beds. i
    • Edentata; in W. B. Scott (ed.), Princeton University Press, Princeton
    • Scott, W. B. 1903-1904. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. I. Edentata; in W. B. Scott (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896-1899. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 364 pp.
    • (1903) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896-1899 , pp. 364
    • Scott, W.B.1
  • 64
    • 0004852504 scopus 로고
    • Mammalia of the santa Cruz beds. I. Edentata
    • W. B. Scott (ed.), Princeton University Press, Princeton
    • Scott, W. B. 1904. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. I. Edentata; pp. 227-364 in W. B. Scott (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896-1899. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
    • (1904) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896-1899 , pp. 227-364
    • Scott, W.B.1
  • 65
    • 0000305269 scopus 로고
    • Postcranial dimensions of ungulates as predictors of body mass
    • J. Damuth and B. J. MacFadden (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Scott, K. 1990. Postcranial dimensions of ungulates as predictors of body mass; pp. 301-335 in J. Damuth and B. J. MacFadden (eds.), Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1990) Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biological Implications , pp. 301-335
    • Scott, K.1
  • 66
    • 0000649411 scopus 로고
    • Los Xenarthra fó siles Argentina (Mammalia, Edentata). IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontoloǵa y Bioestratigraf? ́a
    • Scillato-Yané , G. J. 1986. Los Xenarthra fó siles Argentina (Mammalia, Edentata). IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigraf? ́a, Actas 2:151-155.
    • (1986) Actas , vol.2 , pp. 151-155
    • Scillato-Yané, G.J.1
  • 67
    • 0002015259 scopus 로고
    • The principles of classification and a classification of mammals
    • Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin. American Museum of Natural History 85:1-350.
    • (1945) Bulletin. American Museum of Natural History , vol.85 , pp. 1-350
    • Simpson, G.G.1
  • 68
    • 0003001058 scopus 로고
    • The beginning of the age of mammals in South America Part 1. Introduction. Systematics: Marsupialia, Edentata, Condylarthra, Litopterna, and Notioprogonia
    • Simpson, G. G. 1948. The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part 1. Introduction. Systematics: Marsupialia, Edentata, Condylarthra, Litopterna, and Notioprogonia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 91:1-232 pp.
    • (1948) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , vol.91 , pp. 1-232
    • Simpson, G.G.1
  • 69
    • 3142673114 scopus 로고
    • University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology
    • Sinclair, W. J. 1905. New Mammalia from the Quaternary caves of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 4:145-161.
    • (1905) New Mammalia from the Quaternary Caves of California , vol.4 , pp. 145-161
    • Sinclair, W.J.1
  • 70
    • 0342368136 scopus 로고
    • Non-nutritive residues: A system of analysis for the replacement of crude fiber
    • Van Soest, P. J. 1966. Non-nutritive residues: a system of analysis for the replacement of crude fiber. Association of Official Analytical Chemists 49:546-551.
    • (1966) Association of Official Analytical Chemists , vol.49 , pp. 546-551
    • Van Soest, P.J.1
  • 71
    • 0029478348 scopus 로고
    • An Eocene tardigrade (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Seymour Island, West Antarctica
    • Vizcáno, S. F., and G. J. Scillato-Yané .1995. An Eocene tardigrade (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Seymour Island, West Antarctica. Antarctic Science 7: 407-408.
    • (1995) Antarctic Science , vol.7 , pp. 407-408
    • Vizcáno, S.F.1    Scillato-Yané ., G.J.2
  • 72
    • 70349988757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenarthran biology: Past, present, and future
    • S. F. Vizcáno and W. J. Loughry (eds.), University Press of Florida, Gainesville
    • Vizcáno, S. F., and W. J. Loughry. 2008. Xenarthran biology: past, present, and future; pp. 1-7 in S. F. Vizcáno and W. J. Loughry (eds.), The Biology of the Xenarthra. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
    • (2008) The Biology of the Xenarthra , pp. 1-7
    • Vizcáno, S.F.1    Loughry, W.J.2
  • 73
    • 0002682043 scopus 로고
    • The interrelationships of tree sloths and ground sloths
    • G. G. Montgomery (ed.), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C
    • Webb, S. D. 1985. The interrelationships of tree sloths and ground sloths; pp. 105-112 in G. G. Montgomery (ed.), The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
    • (1985) The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas , pp. 105-112
    • Webb, S.D.1
  • 74
    • 0042142047 scopus 로고
    • Indicators of locomotor habits in xenarthrans: Evidence for locomotor heterogeneity among fossil sloths
    • White, J. L. 1993. Indicators of locomotor habits in xenarthrans: evidence for locomotor heterogeneity among fossil sloths. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:230-242.
    • (1993) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.13 , pp. 230-242
    • White, J.L.1
  • 75
    • 0002264894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor adaptations in Miocene xenarthrans
    • R. F. Kay, R. H. Madden, R. L. Cifelli, and J. J. Flynn (eds.), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C
    • White, J. L. 1997. Locomotor adaptations in Miocene xenarthrans; pp. 246-264 in R. F. Kay, R. H. Madden, R. L. Cifelli, and J. J. Flynn (eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
    • (1997) Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna of la Venta, Colombia , pp. 246-264
    • White, J.L.1
  • 76
    • 85030262811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sloths of the West Indies: A systematic and phylogenetic review
    • C. A. Woods (ed.), CRC Press, New York
    • White, J. L., and R. D. MacPhee. 2001. The sloths of the West Indies: a systematic and phylogenetic review; pp. 201-235 in C. A. Woods (ed.), Biogeography of the West Indies: patterns and perspectives. CRC Press, New York.
    • (2001) Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives , pp. 201-235
    • White, J.L.1    MacPhee, R.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.