메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 158-164

Defining and predicting severe community-acquired pneumonia

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Community acquired pneumonia; Prognostic models; Severity assessment

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

EID: 77649268132     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: 14736527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283368333     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (92)
  • 2
    • 0033528072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States during the 20th century
    • Armstrong GL, Conn LA, Pinner RW. Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States during the 20th century. JAMA 1999; 281:61-66.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 61-66
    • Armstrong, G.L.1    Conn, L.A.2    Pinner, R.W.3
  • 3
    • 67749106168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity assessment in community-acquired pneumonia: A review
    • Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT. Severity assessment in community-acquired pneumonia: a review. QJM 2009; 102:379-388.
    • (2009) QJM , vol.102 , pp. 379-388
    • Singanayagam, A.1    Chalmers, J.D.2    Hill, A.T.3
  • 4
    • 0030814756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Results of a population-based active surveillance Study in Ohio. the Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group
    • Marston BJ, Plouffe JF, File TM Jr, et al. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Results of a population-based active surveillance Study in Ohio. The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157:1709-1718.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 1709-1718
    • Marston, B.J.1    Plouffe, J.F.2    File Jr., T.M.3
  • 5
    • 33847155159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults
    • Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 (Suppl 2):S27-S72.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Mandell, L.A.1    Wunderink, R.G.2    Anzueto, A.3
  • 6
    • 11144354830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based study of the costs of care for community-acquired pneumonia
    • Bartolome M, Almirall J, Morera J, et al. A population-based study of the costs of care for community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2004; 23:610-616.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.23 , pp. 610-616
    • Bartolome, M.1    Almirall, J.2    Morera, J.3
  • 7
    • 0026504469 scopus 로고
    • The British thoracic society research committee and the public health laboratory service
    • The aetiology, management and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit
    • The aetiology, management and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit. The British Thoracic Society Research Committee and the Public Health Laboratory Service. Respir Med 1992; 86:7-13.
    • (1992) Respir Med , vol.86 , pp. 7-13
  • 8
    • 34247279363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in community-acquired pneumonia: Inpatient and outpatient
    • Niederman MS. Recent advances in community-acquired pneumonia: inpatient and outpatient. Chest 2007; 131:1205-1215.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 1205-1215
    • Niederman, M.S.1
  • 9
    • 57049096387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community acquired pneumonia update: Mortality, mechanisms and medical intervention
    • Laterre PF. Severe community acquired pneumonia update: mortality, mechanisms and medical intervention. Crit Care 2008; 12 (Suppl 6):S1.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Laterre, P.F.1
  • 10
    • 0027907352 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital
    • The British Thoracic Society
    • Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital. The British Thoracic Society. Br J Hosp Med 1993, 49:346-350.
    • (1993) Br J Hosp Med , vol.49 , pp. 346-350
  • 11
    • 77349095417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: Update 2009
    • Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, etal. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax 2009; 64 (Suppl 3):iii1-iii55.
    • (2009) Thorax , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Lim, W.S.1    Baudouin, S.V.2    George, R.C.3
  • 12
    • 0033646374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary of Canadian Guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: An evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Disease Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society
    • Mandell LA, MarrieTJ, Grossman RF, etal. Summary of Canadian Guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Disease Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society. Can J Infect Dis 2000; 11:237-248.
    • (2000) Can J Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 237-248
    • Mandell, L.A.1    Marrie, T.J.2    Grossman, R.F.3
  • 13
    • 0141610906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting
    • Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, et al. The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 2000; 118:146-155.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 146-155
    • Ibrahim, E.H.1    Sherman, G.2    Ward, S.3
  • 14
    • 0035207527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Current outcomes, epidemiology, etiology, and therapy
    • Restrepo MI, Jorgensen JH, Mortensen EM, Anzueto A. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: current outcomes, epidemiology, etiology, and therapy. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14:703-709.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 703-709
    • Restrepo, M.I.1    Jorgensen, J.H.2    Mortensen, E.M.3    Anzueto, A.4
  • 15
    • 0032860830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Risk factors and follow-up epidemiology
    • Ruiz M, Ewig S, Torres A, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Risk factors and follow-up epidemiology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:923-929.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 923-929
    • Ruiz, M.1    Ewig, S.2    Torres, A.3
  • 16
    • 8644234187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Assessment of microbial aetiology as mortality factor
    • Paganin F, Lilienthal F, Bourdin A, etal. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: assessment of microbial aetiology as mortality factor. Eur Respir J 2004; 24:779-785.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.24 , pp. 779-785
    • Paganin, F.1    Lilienthal, F.2    Bourdin, A.3
  • 17
    • 65549154738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthcare-associated pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease, and all patients do not need the same broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy as complex nosocomial pneumonia
    • Brito V, Niederman MS. Healthcare-associated pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease, and all patients do not need the same broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy as complex nosocomial pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009; 22:316-325.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 316-325
    • Brito, V.1    Niederman, M.S.2
  • 18
    • 0037048257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia due to Gram-negative bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Incidence, risk, and prognosis
    • Arancibia F, Bauer TT, Ewig S, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia due to Gram-negative bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: incidence, risk, and prognosis. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:1849-1858.
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 1849-1858
    • Arancibia, F.1    Bauer, T.T.2    Ewig, S.3
  • 19
    • 0029799035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: A multivariate analysis of risk and prognostic factors
    • Riquelme R, Torres A, El-Ebiary M, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: a multivariate analysis of risk and prognostic factors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:1450-1455.
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , pp. 1450-1455
    • Riquelme, R.1    Torres, A.2    El-Ebiary, M.3
  • 20
    • 0025308497 scopus 로고
    • A hospital study of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly
    • Venkatesan P, Gladman J, Macfarlane JT, et al. A hospital study of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Thorax 1990; 45:254-258.
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , pp. 254-258
    • Venkatesan, P.1    Gladman, J.2    MacFarlane, J.T.3
  • 21
    • 0024698207 scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prospective study
    • Marrie TJ, Durant H, Yates L. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prospective study. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11:586-599.
    • (1989) Rev Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 586-599
    • Marrie, T.J.1    Durant, H.2    Yates, L.3
  • 22
    • 0028954609 scopus 로고
    • The aetiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia and its impact on initial, empiric, antimicrobial chemotherapy
    • Feldman C, Ross S, Mahomed AG, etal. The aetiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia and its impact on initial, empiric, antimicrobial chemotherapy. Respir Med 1995; 89:187-192.
    • (1995) Respir Med , vol.89 , pp. 187-192
    • Feldman, C.1    Ross, S.2    Mahomed, A.G.3
  • 23
    • 0026378758 scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia Epidemiology and prognostic factors
    • Torres A, Serra-Batlles J, Ferrer A, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Epidemiology and prognostic factors. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144:312-318.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.144 , pp. 312-318
    • Torres, A.1    Serra-Batlles, J.2    Ferrer, A.3
  • 24
    • 0035826096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis
    • Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:699-709.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 699-709
    • Bernard, G.R.1    Vincent, J.L.2    Laterre, P.F.3
  • 25
    • 63149094677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical evaluation committee assessment of recombinant human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (tifacogin) inpatients with severe community-acquired pneumonia
    • Laterre PF, Opal SM, Abraham E, etal. A clinical evaluation committee assessment of recombinant human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (tifacogin) inpatients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care 2009; 13:R36.
    • (2009) Crit Care , vol.13
    • Laterre, P.F.1    Opal, S.M.2    Abraham, E.3
  • 26
    • 21044431893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia as a cause of severe sepsis: Data from the PROWESS study
    • Laterre PF, Garber G, Levy H, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia as a cause of severe sepsis: data from the PROWESS study. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:952-961.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 952-961
    • Laterre, P.F.1    Garber, G.2    Levy, H.3
  • 27
    • 19944430688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocortisone infusion for severe community-acquired pneumonia: A preliminary randomized study
    • Confalonieri M, Urbino R, Potena A, et al. Hydrocortisone infusion for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a preliminary randomized study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:242-248.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.171 , pp. 242-248
    • Confalonieri, M.1    Urbino, R.2    Potena, A.3
  • 28
    • 34247231131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone infusion in early severe ARDS: Results of a randomized controlled trial
    • Meduri GU, Golden E, Freire AX, et al. Methylprednisolone infusion in early severe ARDS: results of a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2007; 131: 954-963.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 954-963
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Golden, E.2    Freire, A.X.3
  • 29
    • 33645865234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB, et al. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1671-1684.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1671-1684
    • Steinberg, K.P.1    Hudson, L.D.2    Goodman, R.B.3
  • 30
    • 45949084462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of corticosteroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review
    • Salluh JI, Povoa P, Soares M, et al. The role of corticosteroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review. Crit Care 2008; 12:R76.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12
    • Salluh, J.I.1    Povoa, P.2    Soares, M.3
  • 31
    • 38049110809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock
    • Sprung CL, Annane D, Keh D, et al. Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:111-124.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 111-124
    • Sprung, C.L.1    Annane, D.2    Keh, D.3
  • 32
    • 0037071257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of death for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team cohort study
    • Mortensen EM, Coley CM, Singer DE, et al. Causes of death for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:1059-1064.
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 1059-1064
    • Mortensen, E.M.1    Coley, C.M.2    Singer, D.E.3
  • 33
    • 40549104180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted to the ward and the ICU
    • Restrepo MI, Mortensen EM, Velez JA, et al. A comparative study of community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted to the ward and the ICU. Chest 2008; 133:610-617.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.133 , pp. 610-617
    • Restrepo, M.I.1    Mortensen, E.M.2    Velez, J.A.3
  • 34
    • 0027359801 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association
    • Niederman MS, Bass JB Jr, Campbell GD, et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148:1418-1426.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , pp. 1418-1426
    • Niederman, M.S.1    Bass Jr., J.B.2    Campbell, G.D.3
  • 35
    • 0031794530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Assessment of severity criteria
    • Ewig S, Ruiz M, Mensa J, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Assessment of severity criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1102-1108.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 1102-1108
    • Ewig, S.1    Ruiz, M.2    Mensa, J.3
  • 36
    • 2442422353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of predictive rules and indices of severity for community acquired pneumonia
    • Ewig S, de Roux A, Bauer T, etal. Validation of predictive rules and indices of severity for community acquired pneumonia. Thorax 2004; 59:421-427.
    • (2004) Thorax , vol.59 , pp. 421-427
    • Ewig, S.1    De Roux, A.2    Bauer, T.3
  • 37
    • 0036724321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Use of intensive care services and evaluation of American and British Thoracic Society Diagnostic criteria
    • Angus DC, Marrie TJ, Obrosky DS, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: use of intensive care services and evaluation of American and British Thoracic Society Diagnostic criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:717-723.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 717-723
    • Angus, D.C.1    Marrie, T.J.2    Obrosky, D.S.3
  • 38
    • 0028889934 scopus 로고
    • A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit
    • Leroy O, Santre C, Beuscart C, et al. A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 1995; 21:24-31.
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 24-31
    • Leroy, O.1    Santre, C.2    Beuscart, C.3
  • 39
    • 33646569991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective comparison of severity scores for identifying patients with severe community acquired pneumonia: Reconsidering what is meant by severe pneumonia
    • Buising KL, Thursky KA, Black JF, etal. A prospective comparison of severity scores for identifying patients with severe community acquired pneumonia: reconsidering what is meant by severe pneumonia. Thorax 2006; 61:419-424.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 419-424
    • Buising, K.L.1    Thursky, K.A.2    Black, J.F.3
  • 40
    • 73349140533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society 2007 guidelines for severe community-acquired pneumonia
    • Brown SM, Jones BE, Jephson AR, Dean NC. Validation of the Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society 2007 guidelines for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:3010-3016.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 3010-3016
    • Brown, S.M.1    Jones, B.E.2    Jephson, A.R.3    Dean, N.C.4
  • 41
    • 39449111531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting need for ICU in community-acquired pneumonia
    • author reply 588
    • Charles PG. Predicting need for ICU in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2008; 133:587; author reply 588.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.133 , pp. 587
    • Charles, P.G.1
  • 42
    • 0027308912 scopus 로고
    • Early management of younger adults dying of community acquired pneumonia
    • Tang CM, Macfarlane JT. Early management of younger adults dying of community acquired pneumonia. Respir Med 1993; 87:289-294.
    • (1993) Respir Med , vol.87 , pp. 289-294
    • Tang, C.M.1    MacFarlane, J.T.2
  • 43
    • 10244265940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community acquired pneumonia: Aetiology and usefulness of severity criteria on admission
    • Neill AM, Martin IR, Weir R, et al. Community acquired pneumonia: aetiology and usefulness of severity criteria on admission. Thorax 1996; 51:1010-1016.
    • (1996) Thorax , vol.51 , pp. 1010-1016
    • Neill, A.M.1    Martin, I.R.2    Weir, R.3
  • 44
    • 0032551140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confidential inquiry into quality of care before admission to intensive care
    • McQuillan P, Pilkington S, Allan A, et al. Confidential inquiry into quality of care before admission to intensive care. BMJ 1998; 316:1853-1858.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.316 , pp. 1853-1858
    • McQuillan, P.1    Pilkington, S.2    Allan, A.3
  • 45
    • 10644262191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the 2001 American Thoracic Society criteria for severe community-acquired pneumonia
    • Riley PD, Aronsky D, Dean NC. Validation of the 2001 American Thoracic Society criteria for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:2398-2402.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 2398-2402
    • Riley, P.D.1    Aronsky, D.2    Dean, N.C.3
  • 46
    • 0031012761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 243-250.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 243-250
    • Fine, M.J.1    Auble, T.E.2    Yealy, D.M.3
  • 47
    • 0023217464 scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in adults in British hospitals in 1982-1983: A survey of aetiology, mortality, prognostic factors and outcome. the British Thoracic Society and the Public Health Laboratory Service
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in adults in British hospitals in 1982-1983: a survey of aetiology, mortality, prognostic factors and outcome. The British Thoracic Society and the Public Health Laboratory Service. Q J Med 1987; 62:195-220.
    • (1987) Q J Med , vol.62 , pp. 195-220
  • 48
    • 0038554228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: An international derivation and validation study
    • Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax 2003; 58:377-382.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 377-382
    • Lim, W.S.1    Van Der Eerden, M.M.2    Laing, R.3
  • 49
    • 0037283951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognising severe pneumonia with simple clinical and biochemical measurements
    • Kamath A, Pasteur MC, Slade MG, Harrison BD. Recognising severe pneumonia with simple clinical and biochemical measurements. Clin Med 2003; 3:54-56.
    • (2003) Clin Med , vol.3 , pp. 54-56
    • Kamath, A.1    Pasteur, M.C.2    Slade, M.G.3    Harrison, B.D.4
  • 50
    • 0030472159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia in ICUs: Prospective validation of a prognostic score
    • Leroy O, Georges H, Beuscart C, etal. Severe community-acquired pneumonia in ICUs: prospective validation of a prognostic score. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22:1307-1314.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 1307-1314
    • Leroy, O.1    Georges, H.2    Beuscart, C.3
  • 51
    • 0034013695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity prediction rules in community acquired pneumonia: A validation study
    • Lim WS, Lewis S, Macfarlane JT. Severity prediction rules in community acquired pneumonia: a validation study. Thorax 2000; 55:219-223.
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 219-223
    • Lim, W.S.1    Lewis, S.2    MacFarlane, J.T.3
  • 52
    • 30744460423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining information from prognostic scoring tools for CAP: An American view on how to get the best of all worlds
    • Niederman MS, Feldman C, Richards GA. Combining information from prognostic scoring tools for CAP: an American view on how to get the best of all worlds. Eur Respir J 2006; 27:9-11.
    • (2006) Eur Respir J , vol.27 , pp. 9-11
    • Niederman, M.S.1    Feldman, C.2    Richards, G.A.3
  • 53
    • 0034959819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention
    • Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:1730-1754.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 1730-1754
    • Niederman, M.S.1    Mandell, L.A.2    Anzueto, A.3
  • 54
    • 58749100134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Validation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society guidelines to predict an intensive care unit admission
    • Liapikou A, Ferrer M, Polverino E, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: validation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society guidelines to predict an intensive care unit admission. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:377-385.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 377-385
    • Liapikou, A.1    Ferrer, M.2    Polverino, E.3
  • 55
    • 47549084617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SMART-COP: A tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia
    • Charles PG, Wolfe R, Whitby M, et al. SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:375-384.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 375-384
    • Charles, P.G.1    Wolfe, R.2    Whitby, M.3
  • 57
    • 56749166149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the need for mechanical ventilation and/or inotropic support for young adults admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Hill AT. Predicting the need for mechanical ventilation and/or inotropic support for young adults admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:1571-1574.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 1571-1574
    • Chalmers, J.D.1    Singanayagam, A.2    Hill, A.T.3
  • 58
    • 67650266015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PIRO score for community-acquired pneumonia: A new prediction rule for assessment of severity in intensive care unit patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Rello J, Rodriguez A, Lisboa T, et al. PIRO score for community-acquired pneumonia: a new prediction rule for assessment of severity in intensive care unit patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:456-462.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 456-462
    • Rello, J.1    Rodriguez, A.2    Lisboa, T.3
  • 59
    • 57049138725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographics, guidelines, and clinical experience in severe community-acquired pneumonia
    • Rello J. Demographics, guidelines, and clinical experience in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care 2008; 12 (Suppl 6):S2.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Rello, J.1
  • 60
    • 34548048148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia severity index class v patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Characteristics, outcomes, and value of severity scores
    • Valencia M, Badia JR, Cavalcanti M, et al. Pneumonia severity index class v patients with community-acquired pneumonia: characteristics, outcomes, and value of severity scores. Chest 2007; 132:515-522.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 515-522
    • Valencia, M.1    Badia, J.R.2    Cavalcanti, M.3
  • 61
    • 16244385921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective comparison of three validated prediction rules for prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia
    • Aujesky D, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. Prospective comparison of three validated prediction rules for prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 2005; 118:384-392.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 384-392
    • Aujesky, D.1    Auble, T.E.2    Yealy, D.M.3
  • 62
    • 34147199347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective comparison of three predictive rules for assessing severity of community-acquired pneumonia in Hong Kong
    • Man SY, Lee N, Ip M, et al. Prospective comparison of three predictive rules for assessing severity of community-acquired pneumonia in Hong Kong. Thorax 2007; 62:348-353.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , pp. 348-353
    • Man, S.Y.1    Lee, N.2    Ip, M.3
  • 63
    • 41349087524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the pneumonia severity index with CURB-65 in patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia
    • Ananda-Rajah MR, Charles PG, Melvani S, et al. Comparing the pneumonia severity index with CURB-65 in patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis 2008; 40:293-300.
    • (2008) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 293-300
    • Ananda-Rajah, M.R.1    Charles, P.G.2    Melvani, S.3
  • 65
    • 33845700525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limitations of risk factors as prognostic tools
    • Ware JH. The limitations of risk factors as prognostic tools. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:2615-2617.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2615-2617
    • Ware, J.H.1
  • 66
    • 77649243922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis at time of hospitalization predict mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Mirsaeidi M, Peyrani P, Aliberti S, et al. Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis at time of hospitalization predict mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2009 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2009) Chest
    • Mirsaeidi, M.1    Peyrani, P.2    Aliberti, S.3
  • 67
    • 0030015661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SOFA (sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure on behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
    • Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al. The SOFA (sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22:707-710.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 707-710
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Moreno, R.2    Takala, J.3
  • 68
    • 33745471090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin guidance of antibiotic therapy in community-acquired pneumonia: A randomized trial
    • Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Bingisser R, etal. Procalcitonin guidance of antibiotic therapy in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:84-93.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 84-93
    • Christ-Crain, M.1    Stolz, D.2    Bingisser, R.3
  • 69
    • 33947592780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory parameters in community-acquired pneumonia
    • Muller B, Harbarth S, Stolz D, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory parameters in community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7:10.
    • (2007) BMC Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 10
    • Muller, B.1    Harbarth, S.2    Stolz, D.3
  • 70
    • 33745622134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin as a diagnostic test for sepsis in critically ill adults and after surgery or trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Uzzan B, Cohen R, Nicolas P, et al. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic test for sepsis in critically ill adults and after surgery or trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1996-2003.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1996-2003
    • Uzzan, B.1    Cohen, R.2    Nicolas, P.3
  • 71
    • 40649128359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin predicts patients at low risk of death from community-acquired pneumonia across all CRB-65 classes
    • Kruger S, Ewig S, Marre R, et al. Procalcitonin predicts patients at low risk of death from community-acquired pneumonia across all CRB-65 classes. Eur Respir J 2008; 31:349-355.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , pp. 349-355
    • Kruger, S.1    Ewig, S.2    Marre, R.3
  • 72
    • 69249158125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity of pneumococcal pneumonia associated with genomic bacterial load
    • Rello J, Lisboa T, Lujan M, et al. Severity of pneumococcal pneumonia associated with genomic bacterial load. Chest 2009; 136:832-840.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , pp. 832-840
    • Rello, J.1    Lisboa, T.2    Lujan, M.3
  • 73
    • 33646243227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor for advanced glycation end-products is a marker of type i cell injury in acute lung injury
    • Uchida T, Shirasawa M, Ware LB, et al. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products is a marker of type I cell injury in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:1008-1015.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.173 , pp. 1008-1015
    • Uchida, T.1    Shirasawa, M.2    Ware, L.B.3
  • 74
    • 34247128758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentrations are elevated in both uncomplicated pneumonia and pneumonia with severe sepsis
    • Angus DC, Yang L, Kong L, et al. Circulating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentrations are elevated in both uncomplicated pneumonia and pneumonia with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:1061-1067.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 1061-1067
    • Angus, D.C.1    Yang, L.2    Kong, L.3
  • 75
    • 1642499233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells and the diagnosis of pneumonia
    • Gibot S, Cravoisy A, Levy B, et al. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells and the diagnosis of pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:451-458.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 451-458
    • Gibot, S.1    Cravoisy, A.2    Levy, B.3
  • 76
    • 36448953900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and pro-vasopressin to predict severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia: Results from the German competence network CAPNETZ
    • Kruger S, Papassotiriou J, Marre R, etal. Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and pro-vasopressin to predict severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia: results from the German competence network CAPNETZ. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:2069-2078.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2069-2078
    • Kruger, S.1    Papassotiriou, J.2    Marre, R.3
  • 77
    • 34248330207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-adrenomedullin to predict severity and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia [ISRCTN04176397]
    • Christ-Crain M, Morgenthaler NG, Stolz D, et al. Pro-adrenomedullin to predict severity and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia [ISRCTN04176397]. Crit Care 2006; 10:R96.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10
    • Christ-Crain, M.1    Morgenthaler, N.G.2    Stolz, D.3
  • 78
    • 67650254329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers improve mortality prediction by prognostic scales in community-acquired pneumonia
    • Menendez R, Martinez R, Reyes S, et al. Biomarkers improve mortality prediction by prognostic scales in community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax 2009; 64:587-591.
    • (2009) Thorax , vol.64 , pp. 587-591
    • Menendez, R.1    Martinez, R.2    Reyes, S.3
  • 79
    • 0028945612 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic analysis and predictive rule for outcome of hospital-treated community-acquired pneumonia
    • Ewig S, Bauer T, Hasper E, et al. Prognostic analysis and predictive rule for outcome of hospital-treated community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 1995; 8:392-397.
    • (1995) Eur Respir J , vol.8 , pp. 392-397
    • Ewig, S.1    Bauer, T.2    Hasper, E.3
  • 80
    • 34247582462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit: Secondary analysis of 17,869 cases in the ICNARC case mix programme database
    • Woodhead M, Welch CA, Harrison DA, etal. Community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit: secondary analysis of 17,869 cases in the ICNARC case mix programme database. Crit Care 2006; 10 (Suppl 2):S1.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Woodhead, M.1    Welch, C.A.2    Harrison, D.A.3
  • 81
    • 0020656535 scopus 로고
    • Failure of intensive care unit support to influence mortality from pneumococcal bacteremia
    • Hook EW 3rd, Horton CA, Schaberg DR. Failure of intensive care unit support to influence mortality from pneumococcal bacteremia. JAMA 1983; 249: 1055-1057.
    • (1983) JAMA , vol.249 , pp. 1055-1057
    • Hook Iii, E.W.1    Horton, C.A.2    Schaberg, D.R.3
  • 82
    • 77649252032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of delayed ICU admission on patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia [abstract]
    • Brown SM, Jephson AR, Jones BE, et al. Effect of delayed ICU admission on patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:A6111.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.179
    • Brown, S.M.1    Jephson, A.R.2    Jones, B.E.3
  • 83
    • 73449089736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between timing of intensive care unit admission and outcomes for emergency department patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Renaud B, Santin A, Coma E, et al. Association between timing of intensive care unit admission and outcomes for emergency department patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:2867-2874.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 2867-2874
    • Renaud, B.1    Santin, A.2    Coma, E.3
  • 84
    • 58249107819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiologic progression of pulmonary infiltrates predicts a worse prognosis in severe community-acquired pneu monia than bacteremia
    • Lisboa T, Blot S, Waterer GW, et al. Radiologic progression of pulmonary infiltrates predicts a worse prognosis in severe community-acquired pneu monia than bacteremia. Chest 2009; 135:165-172.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.135 , pp. 165-172
    • Lisboa, T.1    Blot, S.2    Waterer, G.W.3
  • 85
    • 33847173420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics for bacteremic pneumonia: Improved outcomes with macrolides but not fluoroquinolones
    • Metersky ML, Ma A, Houck PM, Bratzler DW. Antibiotics for bacteremic pneumonia: Improved outcomes with macrolides but not fluoroquinolones. Chest 2007; 131:466-473.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 466-473
    • Metersky, M.L.1    Ma, A.2    Houck, P.M.3    Bratzler, D.W.4
  • 86
    • 4544244010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination antibiotic therapy lowers mortality among severely ill patients with pneumococcal bacteremia
    • Baddour LM, Yu VL, Klugman KP, et al. Combination antibiotic therapy lowers mortality among severely ill patients with pneumococcal bacteremia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:440-444.
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.170 , pp. 440-444
    • Baddour, L.M.1    Yu, V.L.2    Klugman, K.P.3
  • 87
    • 22244459177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of levofloxacin and cefotaxime combined with ofloxacin for ICU patients with community-acquired pneumonia who do not require vasopressors
    • Leroy O, Saux P, Bedos JP, Caulin E. Comparison of levofloxacin and cefotaxime combined with ofloxacin for ICU patients with community-acquired pneumonia who do not require vasopressors. Chest 2005; 128:172-183.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 172-183
    • Leroy, O.1    Saux, P.2    Bedos, J.P.3    Caulin, E.4
  • 88
    • 58849166805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of macrolide therapy on mortality for patients with severe sepsis due to pneumonia
    • Restrepo MI, Mortensen EM, Waterer GW, etal. Impact of macrolide therapy on mortality for patients with severe sepsis due to pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2009; 33:153-159.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.33 , pp. 153-159
    • Restrepo, M.I.1    Mortensen, E.M.2    Waterer, G.W.3
  • 89
    • 55349132746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome prediction in critical care: The mortality probability models
    • Higgins TL, Teres D, Nathanson B. Outcome prediction in critical care: the mortality probability models. Curr Opin Crit Care 2008; 14:498-505.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.14 , pp. 498-505
    • Higgins, T.L.1    Teres, D.2    Nathanson, B.3
  • 91
    • 0027132478 scopus 로고
    • A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study
    • LeGall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F. A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA 1993; 270:2957-2963.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 2957-2963
    • Legall, J.R.1    Lemeshow, S.2    Saulnier, F.3
  • 92
    • 34247145917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of heart rate variability can predict impending septic shock in emergency department patients with sepsis
    • Chen WL, Kuo CD. Characteristics of heart rate variability can predict impending septic shock in emergency department patients with sepsis. Acad Emerg Med 2007; 14:392-397.
    • (2007) Acad Emerg Med , vol.14 , pp. 392-397
    • Chen, W.L.1    Kuo, C.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.