Toad tadpole responses to predator risk: Ontogenetic change between constitutive and inducible defenses

Journal of Herpetology

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 82-88

  Jara, Fabián G ^a   Perotti, María G ^a  

^a Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente Bariloche   (Argentina)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AESHNIDAE; ANISOPTERA (DRAGONFLIES); ANURA; BELOSTOMA; HEXAPODA; NAJAS;

EID: 77649253609     PISSN: 00221511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1670/07-229R2.1     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. AGRAWAL, A. A., AND R. KARBAN. 1999. Why induced defenses may be favored over constitutive strategies in plants. In R. Tollrian and D. C. Harvell (eds.), The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses, pp. 45-61. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
2. ÁLVAREZ, D., AND A. G. NICIEZA. 2006. Factors determining tadpole vulnerability to predators: can prior experience compensate for a suboptimal shape? Evolutionary Ecology 20:523-534.
3. ANHOLT, B. R., D. K. SKELLY, AND E. E. WERNER. 1996. Factors modifying antipredator behaviour in larval toads. Herpetologica 52:301-313.
4. BRODIE, E. D., JR., AND D. R. FORMANOWICZ JR. 1987. Antipredator mechanisms of larval anurans: protection of palatable individuals. Herpetologica 43:369-373.
5. BRODIE, E. D., JR., D. R. FORMANOWICZ, JR., AND E. D. BRODIE III. 1978. The development of noxiousness of Bufo americanus tadpoles to aquatic insect predators. Herpetologica 34:302-306.
6. CROSSLAND, M. R. 2001. Ability of predatory native Australian fishes to learn to avoid toxic larvae of the introduced toad Bufo marinus. Journal of Fish Biology 59:319-329.
7. DUELLMAN, W. E., AND L. TRUEB. 1999. Biology of Amphibians. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
8. EKLÖV, P., AND E. E. WERNER. 2000. Multiple predator effects on size-dependent behavior and mortality of two species of anuran larvae. Oikos 88:250-258.
9. GOSNER, K. L. 1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos on larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183-190.
10. GUNZBURGER, M. S., AND J. TRAVIS. 2005. Critical literature review of the evidence for unpalatability of amphibian eggs and larvae. Journal of Herpetology 39:547-571.
11. JARA, F. G. 2002. Aspectos Ecológicos y Comportamentales en Larvas de dos Anuros Patagónicos: Pleurodema bufoninum (Leptodactylidae) y Bufo spinulosus papillosus (Bufonidae). Unpubl. thesis, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
12. JARA, F. G., AND M. G. PEROTTI. 2006. Variación ontogenética en la palatabilidad de los renacuajos de Bufo spinulosus papillosus Philippi, 1902 (Anura, Bufonidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 19:37-42.
13. JARA, F. G., M. LOZADA, AND C. A. ÚBEDA. 2006. Bufo spinulosus papillosus tadpole behavior. Herpetological Review 37:201.
14. KARBAN, R., AND I. T. BALDWIN. 1997. Induced Responses to Herbivory. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
15. KATS, L. B., AND L. M. DILL. 1998. The scent of death: chemosensory assessment of predation risk by prey animals. Ecoscience 5:361-394.
16. KATS, L. B., J. W. PETRANKA, AND A. SIH. 1988. Antipredator defenses and the persistence of amphibian larvae with fishes. Ecology 69:1865-1870.
17. KRUSE, K. C., AND B. M. STONE. 1984. Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, learn to avoid feeding on toad (Bufo) tadpoles. Animal Behaviour 32:1035-1039.
18. LARSSON, P., AND S. DODSON. 1993. Chemical communication in planktonic animals. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 129:129-155.
19. LAURILA, A. 2000. Behavioural responses to predator chemical cues and local variation in antipredator performance in Rana temporaria tadpoles. Oikos 88:159-168.
20. LAWLER, S. P. 1989. Behavioral responses to predation and predation risk in four species of larval anurans. Animal Behaviour 38:1039-1047.
21. LEHNER, P. N. 2000. Handbook of Ethological Methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
22. LIMA, S. L., AND L. M. DILL. 1990. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:619-640.
23. MARTIN, P., AND P. BATESON. 1993. Measuring Behaviour. An Introductory Guide. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24. MIAUD, C. 1993. Predation on newt eggs (Triturus alpestris and T. helveticus): identification of predators and protective role of oviposition behaviour. Journal of Zoology 231:575-582.
25. MINER, B. G., S. E. SULTAN, S. G. MORGAN, D. K. PADILLA, AND R. A. RELYEA. 2005. Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity. Trends in Ecology, and Evolution 20:685-692.
26. PEARL, C. A., M. J. ADAMS, G. S. SCHUYTEMA, AND A. V. NEBEKER. 2003. Behavioral responses of anuran larvae to chemical cues of native and introduced predators in the Pacific Northwestern United States. Journal of Herpetology 37:572-576.
27. PETERSON, J. A., AND A. R. BLAUSTEIN. 1991. Unpalatability in anuran larvae as a defense against natural salamander predators. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 3:63-72.
28. -, 1992. Relative palatabilities of anuran larvae to natural aquatic insect predators. Copeia 1992:577-584.
29. POITRINEAU, K., S. P. BROWN, AND M. E. HOCHBERG. 2004. The joint evolution of defense and inducibility against natural enemies. Journal of Theoretical Biology 231:389-396.
30. RICHARDSON, J. M. L. 2001. A comparative study of activity levels in larval anurans and response to the presence of different predators. Behavioral Ecology 12:51-58.
31. RUNDIO, D. E., AND D. H. OLSON. 2003. Antipredator defenses of larval Pacific Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) against Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). Copeia 2003:392-397.
32. SCHMIDT, B. R., AND A. AMÉZQUITA. 2001. Predatorinduced behavioral responses: tadpoles of Neotropical frog Phyllomedusa tarsius do not respond to all predators. Herpetological Journal 11:9-15.
33. SCHOEPPNER, N. M., AND R. A. RELYEA. 2005. Damage, digestion, and defense: the roles of alarm cues and kairomones for inducing prey defenses. Ecology Letters 8:505-512.
34. SEMLITSCH, R. D. 1993. Effects of different predators on the survival and development of tadpoles from the hybridogenetic Rana esculenta complex. Oikos 67:40-46.
35. SEMLITSCH, R. D., AND S. GAVASSO. 1992. Behavioral responses of Bufo bufo and Bufo calamita to chemical cues of vertebrate and invertebrate predators. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 4:165-173.
36. SIH, A. 1980. Optimal behavior: can foragers balance two conflicting demands? Science 210:1041-1043.
37. -, 1987. Predator and prey lifestyles: an evolutionary and ecological overview. In W. C. Kerfoot and A. Sih (eds.), Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities, pp. 203-224. University Press of New England, Hanover, NH.
38. SKELLY, D. K. 1994. Activity level and the susceptibility of anuran larvae to predation. Animal Behaviour 47:465-468.
39. SKELLY, D. K., AND E. E. WERNER. 1990. Behavioral and life-historical responses of larval American toads to an odonate predator. Ecology 71:2313-2322.
40. TOLLRIAN, R., AND C. D. HARVELL. 1999. The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
41. WALDMAN, B., AND K. ADLER. 1979. Toad tadpoles associate preferentially with siblings. Nature 282:611-613.
42. WASSERSUG, R. J. 1973. Aspects of social behavior in anuran larvae. In J. L. Vial (ed.), Evolutionary Biology of Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems, pp. 273-297. University Missouri Press, Columbia.
43. WEIGANDT, M., C. A. ÚBEDA, AND M. DIAZ. 2004. The larva of Pleurodema bufoninum, Bell, 1843 with comments on its biology and on eggs strings (Anura, Leptodactylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 25:429-437.
44. WILBUR, H. M. 1997. Experimental ecology of food webs: complex systems in temporary ponds. Ecology 78:2279-2302.
45. ZAR, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
46. ZUG, G. R., L. J. VITT, AND J. P. CALDWELL. 2001. Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.