Occurrence of dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wild, farmed and processed fish, and shellfish

Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B Surveillance

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 15-20

  Fernandes, A R ^a   Mortimer, D N ^b   Rose, M ^c   Knowles, T G ^a   White, S ^a   Gem, M ^b  

^a CENTRAL SCIENCE LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^b FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Chlorinated dioxins (PCDD Fs); Dioxins; Farmed fish; ICES; International council for the exploration of the seas; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Wild fish; World health organization toxic equivalent quantity (WHO TEQ)

Indexed keywords

2,3,7,8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO PARA DIOXIN; DIOXIN; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; POLYCHLORODIBENZO-4-DIOXIN;

ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; ANALYSIS; ANIMAL; FISH; FISHERY; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD HANDLING; HUMAN; MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION; METABOLISM; RISK ASSESSMENT; SHELLFISH; UNITED KINGDOM; WILD ANIMAL;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, WILD; DIOXINS; FISHERIES; FISHES; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD HANDLING; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SHELLFISH; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN;

EID: 77649223671     PISSN: 19393210     EISSN: 19393229     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02652030802654479     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Bocio A, Domingo J, Falco J, Llobet J. 2007. Concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in fish and seafood from the Catalan market: estimated human intake. Environ Int. 33(2):170-175.
2. Brevik E, Biseth A, Oehme M. 1990. Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in crude and processed fish oils in relation to origin and cleaning method. Organohalogen Compd. 1:467-470.
3. Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). 2004. Summary report of contaminant results in fish feed, fish meal and fish oil. Available from: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/feebet/dioxe.shtml/.
4. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J Eur Com, L364/5 20.12.2006.
5. European Commission. 2004. Council Recommendation 2004/704 on the monitoring of background levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feedingstuffs. Off J Eur Comm. L321/38.
6. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2005. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain [CONTAM] related to the presence of non dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in feed and food 2005. EFSA-Q-2003-114. Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178620803980.htm/.
7. Fernandes A, Gallani B, Gem M, White S, Rose M. 2004. Trends in the dioxins and PCB content of the UK diet. Organohalogen Compd. 66:2053-2060.
8. Fernandes A, Rose M, White S, Mortimer D, Gem M. 2006. Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish oil dietary supplements: occurrence and human exposure in the UK. Food Addit Contam. 23(9):939-947.
9. Fernandes A, White S, Silva K, Rose M. 2004. Simultaneous determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs in food. Talanta. 63:1147-1155.
10. Food Standards Agency (FSA). 2006a. Dioxins and dioxinlike PCBs in farmed and wild fish and shellfish. Food Surveillance Information Sheet No. 03/06. London (UK): FSA. Available from: http://www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/fsisbranch2006/fsis0306/.
11. Food Standards Agency (FSA). 2006b. Surveys show pollutant levels in fish falling. London (UK): FSA. Available from: http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2006/feb/fishsurveys/.
12. Gomara B, Bordajandi L, Fernandez M, Herrero L, Abad E, Abalos M, Rivera J, Gonzalez M. 2005. Levels and trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Spanish commercial fish and shellfish products, 1995-2003. J Agric Food Chem. 53(21):8406-8413.
13. Griepink B, Wells D, Ferreira M. 1988. The certification of the contents (mass fraction) of chlorobiphenyls (IUPAC Nos 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) in two fish oils: cod-liver oil CRM No 349; mackerel oil CRM No 350. Report No. EUR11520EN. Brussels (Belgium): Commission of the European Communities, Community Bureau of Reference.
14. Herrmann T, Collingro C, Paepke O. 2004. PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in fish, fish products and fish feed. Organohalogen Compd. 66:2122-2126.
15. Karl H, Ruoff U. 2004. Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in fish in general and in particular from Baltic Sea. Organohalogen Compd. 66:1910-1916.
16. Maier E, Van Cleuvenbergen R, Kramer G, Tuinstra L, Pauwels J. 1995. BCR (non-certified) reference materials for dioxins and furans in milk powder. Fresenius J Analyt Chem. 352:179-183.
17. Mori T, Vandongen L, Beilin L, Burke V, Morris J, Ritchie J. 1994. Effects of varying dietary fat, fish and fish oils on blood lipids in a randomised trial in men at risk of heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 59:1060-1068.
18. Mortimer D, Gem M, Rose M, Fernandes A, White S, Knowles T. 2006. Dioxins and PCBs in farmed and wild fish. How important is the difference? Organohalogen Compd. 68:616-619.
19. Norwegian Institute of Public Health. 2003. Interlaboratory comparison on dioxins in food - fourth round of an International Study. Report No. 2003:12. Oslo (Norway): Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
20. Norwegian Institute of Public Health. 2005. Interlaboratory comparison on dioxins in food - sixth round of an International Study. Report No. 2005:7. Oslo (Norway): Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
21. Schmitz P, Antony K. 2002. Omega-3 fatty acids in ESRD: should patients with ESRD eat more fish. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 17:11-14.
22. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition & Committee on Toxicity. 2004. Advice on fish consumption: benefits and risks. Section 3. London (UK): Stationery Office.
23. Tran M. 2001. Fish oil, in Gale encyclopaedia of alternative medicine. Gale Group. Available from: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0000/ai_2603000095-31k-/.
24. University of Bristol. 2004. FSA survey of PCBs and dioxins in fish and shellfish (C02034) (incorporating a survey for arsenic). Bristol (UK): University of Bristol.
25. Van den Berg M, Birnbaum L, Bosveld ATC, Brunström B, Cook P, Feeley M, Giesy JP, Hanberg A, Hasegawa R, Kennedy SW, et al. 1998. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs PCDDs and PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environ Hlth Perspect. 106:775-792.
26. White S, Fernandes A, Petch S, Rose M. 2005. Survey of dioxins and PCBs in farmed and wild fish and shellfish. CSL Report No. FD 05/06. York (UK): Central Science Laboratory.