Cranial nerve I: Olfaction

Psychiatry

Volumn 6, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 30-35

  Sanders, Richard D ^a   Gillig, Paulette Marie ^a  

^a WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cranial nerve examination; Mental status examination; Neuropsychiatry; Olfaction; Psychiatry and neurology; Sense of smell

Indexed keywords

ANOSMIA; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NEUROPSYCHIATRY; OLFACTORY NERVE; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; PSYCHIATRIST; REVIEW; SMELLING; SMELLING DISORDER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

EID: 77649197720     PISSN: 15505952     EISSN: 15555194     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Landis BN, Hummel T, Lacroix JS. Basic and clinical aspects of olfaction. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg. 2005; 30:69-105.
2. Wilson DA, Kadohisa M, Fletcher ML. Cortical contributions to olfaction: plasticity and perception. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2006; 17:462-470.
3. Liu JF, You H, Ni DF, et al. [Olfactory event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in young adults with normal sense of smell and anosmia patients] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2008;88:1543-1546.
4. Eftekhari M, Assadi M, Kazemi M, et al. Brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography findings in patients with posttraumatic anosmia and comparison with radiological imaging. Am J Rhinol. 2006;20:577-581.
5. Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, et al. 'Sniffin' sticks': olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses. 1997;22:39-52.
6. Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M. Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav. 1984;32:489-502.
7. Katotomichelakis M, Balatsouras D, Tripsianis G, et al. Normative values of olfactory function testing using the 'Sniffin' Sticks'. Laryngoscope. 2007; 117:114-120.
8. Welge-Lüssen A, Wolfensberger M. Olfactory disorders following upper respiratory tract infections. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;63:125-132.
9. Alexander TH, Davidson TM. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2006;116:217-220.
10. Stoll AL, Oepen G. Zinc salts for the treatment of olfactory and gustatory symptoms in psychiatric patients: a case series. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994;55:309-311.
11. Aiba T, Sugiura M, Mori J, et al. Effect of zinc sulfate on sensorineural olfactory disorder. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1998;538:202-204.
12. Vennemann MM, Hummel T, Berger K. The association between smoking and smell and taste impairment in the general population. J Neurol. 2008;255:1121-6.
13. Frye RE, Schwartz BS, Doty RL. Dose-related effects of cigarette smoking on olfactory function. JAMA. 1990;263:1233-1236.
14. McShane RH, Nagy Z, Esiri MM, et al. Anosmia in dementia is associated with Lewy bodies rather than Alzheimer's pathology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001;70:739-743.
15. Olichney JM, Murphy C, Hofstetter CR, et al. Anosmia is very common in the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1342-1347.
16. Stiasny-Kolster K, Doerr Y, Möller JC, et al. Combination of 'idiopathic' REM sleep behaviour disorder and olfactory dysfunction as possible indicator for synucleinopathy demonstrated by dopamine transporter FP-CIT-SPECT. Brain. 2005;128:126-137.
17. Ponsen MM, Stoffers D, Twisk JW, et al. Hyposmia and executive dysfunction as predictors of future Parkinson's disease: a prospective study. Mov Disord. 2009;24:1060-1065.
18. Bohnen NI, Studenski SA, Constantine GM, Moore RY. Diagnostic performance of clinical motor and non-motor tests of Parkinson's disease: a matched case-control study. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15:685-91.
19. Djaldetti R, Nageris BI, Lorberboym M, et al. [(123)I]-FP-CIT SPECT and olfaction test in patients with combined postural and rest tremor. J Neural Transm. 2008;115:469-472.
20. Katzenschlager R, Lees AJ. Olfaction and Parkinson's syndromes: its role in differential diagnosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;17:417-423.
21. Suchowersky O, Reich S, Perlmutter J, et al. Practice Parameter: diagnosis and prognosis of new onset Parkinson's disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2006;66:968-975.
22. Herting B, Schulze S, Reichmann H, et al. A longitudinal study of olfactory function in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. 2008;255:367-370.
23. Layman LC. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2007;36:283-296.
24. Blustajn J, Kirsch CF, Panigrahy A, Netchine I. Olfactory anomalies in CHARGE syndrome: imaging findings of a potential major diagnostic criterion. Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1266-1269.
25. Kohler CG, Moberg PJ, Gur RE, et al. Olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2001;14:83-88.
26. Furstenberger AC, Crosby E, Farrior B. Neurological lesions which influence the sense of smell. Arch Otolaryngol. 1943;48:529-530.
27. Potter H, Butters N. An assessment of olfactory deficits in patients with damage to prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologica. 1980;18:621-628.
28. Zatorre RJ, Jones-Gotman M. Human olfactory discrimination after unilateral frontal or temporal lobectomy. Brain. 1991;114:71-84.
29. Fleminger S. Long-term psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl. 2008;42:123-130.
30. de Kruijk JR, Leffers P, Menheere PP, et al. Olfactory function after mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 2003;17:73-78.
31. Moberg PJ, Arnold SE, Doty RL, et al. Olfactory functioning in schizophrenia: relationship to clinical, neuropsychological, and volumetric MRI measures. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006;28:1444-1461.
32. Brewer WJ, Edwards J, Anderson V, et al. Neuropsychological, olfactory, and hygiene deficits in men with negative symptom schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;40:1021-1031.
33. Solomon GS, Petrie WM, Hart JR, Brackin HB Jr. Olfactory dysfunction discriminates Alzheimer's dementia from major depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998;10:64-67.
34. McCaffrey RJ, Duff K, Solomon GS. Olfactory dysfunction discriminates probable Alzheimer's dementia from major depression: a cross-validation and extension. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;12:29-33.
35. Pentzek M, Grass-Kapanke B, Ihl R. Odor identification in Alzheimer's disease and depression. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2007;19(3):255-258.
36. Hawkes C. Olfaction in neurodegenerative disorder. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;63:133-151.
37. Albers MW, Tabert MH, Devanand DP. Olfactory dysfunction as a predictor of neurodegenerative disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2006;6:379-386.
38. Schubert CR, Carmichael LL, Murphy C, et al. Olfaction and the 5-year incidence of cognitive impairment in an epidemiological study of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1517-521.
39. Devanand DP, Michaels-Marston KS, Liu X, et al. Olfactory deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment predict Alzheimer's disease at follow-up. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1399-405.
40. Duff K, McCaffrey RJ, Solomon GS. The Pocket Smell Test: successfully discriminating probable Alzheimer's dementia from vascular dementia and major depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002;14:197-201.
41. Dileo JF, Brewer WJ, Hopwood M, et al. Olfactory identification dysfunction, aggression and impulsivity in war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med. 2008;38:523-531.
42. Karsz FR, Vance A, Anderson VA, et al. Olfactory impairments in child ADHD. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(9):1462-1468.
43. McKeown DA, Doty RL, Perl DP, et al. Olfactory function in young adolescents with Down's syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996; 61:412-414.
44. Mueller C, Temmel AF, Quint C, et al. Olfactory function in HIV-positive subjects. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002;122:67-71.
45. Zucco GM, Ingegneri G. Olfactory deficits in HIV-infected patients with and without AIDS dementia complex. Physiol Behav. 2004;80:669-674.
46. Jones BP, Moskowitz HR, Butters N. Psychophysical scaling of olfactory, visual and auditory stimuli by alcoholic Korsakoff's patients. Neuropsychologica. 1975;13:387-393.
47. Postolache TT, Wehr TA, Doty RL, et al. Patients with seasonal affective disorder have lower odor detection thresholds than control subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:1119-1122.
48. Knaapila A, Tuorila H, Kyvik KO, et al. Self-ratings of olfactory function reflect odor annoyance rather than olfactory acuity. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:2212-2217.
49. Boyle JA, Lundström JN, Knecht M, et al. On the trigeminal percept of androstenone and its implications on the rate of specific anosmia. J Neurobiol. 2006;66:1501-510.
50. Callahan CD, Hinkebein JH. Assessment of anosmia after traumatic brain injury: performance characteristics of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2002;17(3):251-256.
51. Goudsmit N, Coleman E, Seckinger RA, et al. A brief smell identification test discriminates between deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2003;120:155-164.
52. Kjelvik G, Sando SB, Aasly J, et al. Use of the brief smell identification test for olfactory deficit in a Norwegian population with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;22:1020-1024.
53. Higuera D, Harmon A, Honeywell M, Emanuel F. At-home test for Alzheimer's disease. US Pharmacist. 2008;33:49-50.
54. Frank RA, Gesteland RC, Bailie J, et al. Characterization of the sniff magnitude test. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132:532-536.
55. Hummel T, Welge-Lüessen A. Assessment of olfactory function. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;63:84-98.
56. Doty RL. Office procedures for quantitative assessment of olfactory function. Am J Rhinol. 2007;21:460-73.