Health-related quality of life in men with localized prostate cancer: Review Article

International Journal of Urology

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 125-138

  Namiki, Shunichi ^a   Arai, Yoichi ^a  

^a TOHOKU UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cross cultural comparative study; Outcome research; Prostatic neoplasms; Quality of life

Indexed keywords

PHOSPHODIESTERASE V INHIBITOR; SILDENAFIL; TADALAFIL; VARDENAFIL;

ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY; BRACHYTHERAPY; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CRYOSURGERY; ENERGY; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; ETHNICITY; EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; HUMAN; INTENSITY MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY; INTESTINE FUNCTION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROFILE OF MOOD STATES; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATECTOMY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RACE; REVIEW; ROBOTICS; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SHORT FORM 36; SOCIAL ASPECT; URINARY TRACT FUNCTION; URINE INCONTINENCE; WATCHFUL WAITING;

CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; HUMANS; MALE; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; QUALITY OF LIFE;

EID: 77649120598     PISSN: 09198172     EISSN: 14422042     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02437.x     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Parkin DM, Bray FI, Devesa SS. Cancer burden in the year 2000: the global picture. Eur. J. Cancer 2001 37 : S4 66.
2. Potters L, Klein EA, Kattan MW et al. Monotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, or permanent seed implantation. Radiother. Oncol. 2004 71 : 29 33.
3. Litwin MS, Fitzpatrick JM, Fossa SD, Newling DW. Defining an international research agenda for quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Prostate 1999 41 : 58 67.
4. Gill TM, Feinstein AR. A critical appraisal of the quality of quality-of-life measurements. JAMA 1994 272 : 619 626.
5. Tulsky DS. An introduction to test theory. Oncology 1990 4 : 29 38.
6. Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): conceptual framework and item selection. Med. Care 1992 30 : 473 483.
7. Lim AJ, Brandon AH, Fiedler J et al. Quality of life: radical prostatectomy versus radiation therapy for prostate cancer. J. Urol. 1995 154 : 1420 1425.
8. Cella DF, Tulsky DS, Gray G et al. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale: development and validation of the general measure. J. Clin. Oncol. 1993 11 : 570 579.
9. Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B et al. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1993 85 : 365 376.
10. Litwin MS, Hays RD, Fink A, Ganz PA, Leake B, Brook RH. The UCLA Prostate Cancer Index: development, reliability, and validity of a health-related quality of life measure. Med. Care 1998 36 : 1002 1012.
11. Wei JT, Dunn RL, Litwin MS, Sandler HM, Sanda MG. Development and validation of the expanded prostate cancer index composite (EPIC) for comprehensive assessment of health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Urology 2000 56 : 899 905.
12. Esper P, Mo F, Chodak G et al. Measuring quality of life in men with prostate cancer using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-prostate instrument. Urology 1997 50 : 920 928.
13. Stanford JL, Feng Z, Hamilton AS et al. Urinary and sexual function after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. JAMA 2000 283 : 354 360.
14. Kakehi Y, Kamoto T, Ogawa O et al. Development Japanese version of the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index: a pilot validation study. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002 7 : 306 311.
15. Kakehi Y, Takegami M, Suzukamo Y et al. Health related quality of life in Japanese men with localized prostate cancer treated with current multiple modalities assessed by a newly developed Japanese version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite. J. Urol. 2007 177 : 1856 1861. (Pubitemid 46560661)
16. Namiki S, Takegami M, Kakehi Y, Suzukamo Y, Fukuhara S, Arai Y. Analysis linking UCLA PCI with Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite: an evaluation of health related quality of life in Japanese men with localized prostate cancer. J. Urol. 2007 178 : 473 477.
17. Litwin MS, Lubeck DP, Henning JM, Carroll PR. Differences in urologist and patient assessments of health related quality of life in men with prostate cancer: results of the CaPSURE database. J. Urol. 1998 159 : 1988 1992.
18. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Ruutu M et al. Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005 352 : 1977 1984. (Pubitemid 40638368)
19. Talcott JA, Rieker P, Clark JA et al. Patient-reported symptoms after primary therapy for early prostate cancer; results of a prospective cohort study. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998 16 : 275 283.
20. Krupski TL, Saigal CS, Litwin MS. Variation in continence and potency by definition. J. Urol. 2003 170 : 1291 1294.
21. Carlson KV, Nitti VW. Prevention and management of incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Urol. Clin. North Am. 2001 28 : 595 612.
22. Cooperberg MR, Master VA, Carroll PR. Health related quality of life significance of single pad urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. J. Urol. 2003 170 : 512 515.
23. Hoffman RH, Hunt WC, Stephenson RA. Patient satisfaction with treatment decisions for clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. Caner 2003 97 : 1653 1662.
24. Namiki S, Ishidoya S, Ito A et al. Quality of life after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: a 5-year follow up study. Int. J. Urol. 2009 16 : 75 81.
25. Arai Y, Kaiho Y, Takei M et al. Burden of male stress urinary incontinence: a survey among urologists in Japan. Int. J. Urol. 2009 16 : 915 917.
26. Namiki S, Kwan L, Kagawa-Singer M et al. Urinary quality of life after prostatectomy or radiation for localized prostate cancer: a prospective longitudinal cross-cultural study between Japanese and U.S. men. Urology 2008 71 : 1103 1108.
27. Catalona WJ, Carvalhal GF, Mager DE, Smith DS. Potency, continence and complication rates in 1,870 consecutive radical retropubic prostatectomies. J. Urol. 1999 162 : 433 438.
28. Litwin MS, Flanders SC, Pasta DJ, Stoddard ML, Lubeck DP, Henning JM. Sexual function and bother after radical prostatectomy or radiation for prostate cancer: multivariate quality-of-life analysis from CaPSURE. Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor. Urology 1999 54 : 503 508.
29. Schwartz EJ, Lepor H. Radical retropubic prostatectomy reduces symptom scores and improves quality of life in men with moderate and severe lower urinary tract symptoms. J. Urol. 1999 161 : 1185 1188.
30. Namiki S, Ishidoya S, Saito S et al. Natural history of voiding function after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology 2006 68 : 142 147.
31. Tareen B, Godoy G, Laze J, Lepor H. Does open radical retropubic prostatectomy decrease the risk of acute urinary retention? Urology 2008 72 : 821 824.
32. Gillonneau B, Vallencien G. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: the Montsouris technique. J. Urol. 2000 163 : 1643 1649.
33. Namiki S, Egawa S, Baba S et al. Recovery of quality of life in year after laparoscopic or retropubic radical prostatectomy: a multi-institutional longitudinal study. Urology 2005 65 : 517 523.
34. Kim ED, Scardino PT, Hampel O, Mills NL, Wheeler TM, Nath RK. Interposition of sural nerve restores function of cavernous nerves resected during radical prostatectomy. J. Urol. 1999 161 : 188 192.
35. Kim ED, Nath R, Slawin KM, Kadmon D, Miles BJ, Scardino PT. Bilateral nerve grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: extended follow-up. Urology 2001 58 : 983 987. (Pubitemid 34017285)
36. Chang DW, Wood CG, Kroll SS, Youssef AA, Babaian RJ. Cavernous nerve reconstruction to preserve erectile function following non-nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy: a prospective study. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2003 111 : 1174 1181.
37. Secin FP, Koppie TM, Scardino PT et al. Bilateral cavernous nerve interposition grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. J. Urol. 2007 177 : 664 668.
38. Scardino PT, Kim ED. Rationale for and results of nerve grafting during radical prostatectomy. Urology 2001 57 : 1016 1019.
39. Namiki S, Saito S, Nakagawa H, Sanada T, Yamada A, Arai Y. Impact of unilateral sural nerve graft on recovery of potency and continence following radical prostatectomy: 3-year longitudinal study. J. Urol. 2007 178 : 212 216. (Pubitemid 46898487)
40. Hanson GR, Borden LS Jr., Backous DD, Bayles SW, Corman JM. Erectile function following unilateral cavernosal nerve replacement. Can. J. Urol. 2008 15 : 3990 3993.
41. Sim HG, Kliot M, Lange PH, Ellis WJ, Takayama TK, Yang CC. Two-year outcome of unilateral sural nerve interposition graft after radical prostatectomy. Urology 2006 68 : 1290 1294.
42. Nelson BA, Chang SS, Cookson MS, Smith JA Jr. Morbidity and efficacy of genitofemoral nerve grafts with radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology 2006 67 : 789 792.
43. Davis JW, Chang DW, Chevray P et al. Randomized phase II trial evaluation of erectile function after attempted unilateral cavernous nerve-sparing retropubic radical prostatectomy with versus without unilateral sural nerve grafting for clinically localized prostate cancer. Eur. Urol. 2009 55 : 1135 1143.
44. Nguyen MM, Kamoi K, Stein RJ et al. Early continence outcomes of posterior musculofascial plate reconstruction during robotic and laparoscopic prostatectomy. BJU. Int. 2008 101 : 1135 1139.
45. Smith JA Jr., Chan RC, Chang SS et al. A comparison of the incidence and location of positive surgical margins in robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and open retropubic radical prostatectomy. J. Urol. 2007 178 : 2385 2389.
46. Badani KK, Kaul S, Menon M. Evolution of robotic radical prostatectomy: assessment after 2766 procedures. Cancer 2007 110 : 1951 1958.
47. Miller J, Smith A, Kouba E, Wallen E, Pruthi RS. Prospective evaluation of short-term impact and recovery of health related quality of life in men undergoing robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy versus open radical prostatectomy. J. Urol. 2007 178 : 854 858.
48. Shikanov SA, Eng MK, Bernstein AJ et al. Urinary and sexual quality of life 1 year following robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. J. Urol. 2008 180 : 663 667.
49. Sandler HM, Dunn RL, McLaughlin PW et al. Overall survival after prostate-specific-antigen-detected recurrence following conformal radiation therapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2000 48 : 629 633.
50. Hanlon AL, Watkins Bruner D, Peter R, Hanks GE. Quality of life study in prostate cancer patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy: comparing late bowel and bladder quality of life symptoms to that of the normal population. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2001 49 : 51 9.
51. Nguyen LN, Pollack A, Zagars GK. Late effects after radiotherapy for prostate cancer in a randomized dose-response study: results of a self-assessment questionnaire. Urology 1998 51 : 991 997.
52. Litwin MS, Gore JL, Kwan L et al. Quality of life after surgery, external beam irradiation, or brachytherapy for early-stage prostate cancer. Cancer 2007 109 : 2239 2247.
53. Hamilton AS, Stanford JL, Gilliland FD et al. Health outcomes after external-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001 19 : 2517 2526.
54. Potosky AL, Davis WW, Hoffman RM et al. Five-year outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: the prostate cancer outcomes study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2004 96 : 1358 1367.
55. Perez CA, Michalski JM, Purdy JA, Wasserman TH, Williams K, Lockett MA. Three-dimensional conformal therapy or standard irradiation in localized carcinoma of prostate: preliminary results of a nonrandomized comparison. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2000 47 : 629 637.
56. Fowler FJ Jr., Barry MJ, Lu-Yao G, Wasson JH, Bin L. Outcomes of external-beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: a study of Medicare beneficiaries in three surveillance, epidemiology, and end results areas. J. Clin. Oncol. 1996 14 : 2258 2265.
57. Namiki S, Tochigi T, Kuwahara M et al. Health related quality of life in Japanese men after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Int. J. Urol. 2004 11 : 619 627. (Pubitemid 39128563)
58. Frank SJ, Pisters LL, Davis J, Lee AK, Bassett R, Kuban DA. An assessment of quality of life following radical prostatectomy, high dose external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy iodine implantation as monotherapies for localized prostate cancer. J. Urol. 2007 177 : 2151 2156.
59. Talcott JA, Rieker P, Clark JA et al. Patient-reported symptoms after primary therapy for early prostate cancer: results of a prospective cohort study. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998 16 : 275 283.
60. Cahlon O, Zelefsky MJ, Shippy A et al. Ultra-high dose (86.4 Gy) IMRT for localized prostate cancer: toxicity and biochemical outcomes. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2008 71 : 330 337.
61. Zelefsky MJ, Fuks Z, Hunt M et al. Incidence of late rectal and urinary toxicities after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2008 1124 1129.
62. Namiki S, Ishidoya S, Tochigi T et al. Health-related quality of life after intensity modulated radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: comparison with conventional and conformal radiotherapy. Jpn J. Clin. Oncol. 2006 36 : 224 230.
63. Eton DT, Lepore SJ, Helgeson VS. Early quality of life in patients with localized prostate carcinoma: an examination of treatment-related, demographic, and psychosocial factors. Cancer 2001 92 : 1451 1459.
64. Litwin MS, Lubeck DP, Spitalny GM et al. Mental health in men treated for early stage prostate carcinoma: a post-treatment, longitudinal quality of life analysis from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor. Cancer 2002 95 : 54 60.
65. Namiki S, Satoh T, Baba S et al. Quality of life after brachytherapy or radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer: a prospective longitudinal study. Urology 2006 68 : 1230 1236.
66. Merrick GS, Butler WM, Galbreath RW et al. Erectile function after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002 52 : 893 902.
67. Heer HW, O'Sullivan M. Quality of life asymptomatic men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy. J. Urol. 2000 163 : 1743 1746.
68. Potosky AL, Reeve BB, Clegg LX et al. Quality of life following localized prostate cancer treated initially with androgen deprivation therapy or no therapy. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2002 94 : 430 437.
69. Lubeck DP, Litwin MS, Henning JM, Stoddard ML, Flanders SC, Carroll PR. Changes in health-related quality of life in the first year after treatment for prostate cancer results from CaPSURE. Urology 53 : 180 186.
70. Kato T, Komiya A, Suzuki H, Imamoto T, Ueda T, Ichikawa T. Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on quality of life in Japanese men with prostate cancer. Int. J. Urol. 2007 14 : 416 421.
71. Potosky AL, Reeve BB, Clegg LX et al. Quality of life following localized prostate cancer treated initially with androgen deprivation therapy or no therapy. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2002 94 : 430 437.
72. Steineck G, Helgesen F, Adolfsson J et al. Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group Study Number 4: quality of life after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002 347 : 839 840.
73. Ahmed S, Davies J. Aging the complications of prostate cryosurgery. BJU. Int. 2005 95 : 480 481.
74. Perrotte P, Litwin MS, McGuire EJ, Scott SM, von Eschenbach AC, Pisters LL. Quality of life after salvage cryotherapy: the impact of treatment parameters. J. Urol. 1999 162 : 398 402.
75. Robinson JW, Donnelly BJ, Coupland K et al. Quality of life 2 years after salvage cryosurgery for the treatment of local recurrence of prostate cancer after radiotherapy. Urol. Oncol. 2006 24 : 472 486.
76. Anastasiadis AG, Sachdev R, Salomon L et al. Comparison of health-related quality of life and prostate-associated symptoms after primary and salvage cryotherapy for prostate cancer. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2003 129 : 676 682.
77. Katz AE, Rewcastle JC. The current and potential role of cryoablation as a primary therapy for localized prostate cancer. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 2003 5 : 231 238.
78. Rose A, Peters N, Shea JA, Armstrong K. Development and testing of the health care system distrust scale. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2004 19 : 57 63.
79. Johnson TK, Gilliland FD, Hoffman RM et al. Racial/Ethnic differences in functional outcomes in the 5 years after diagnosis of localized prostate cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2004 22 : 4193 4201.
80. Ramsey SD, Zeliadt SB, Hall IJ, Ekwueme DU, Penson DF. On the importance of race, socioeconomic status and comorbidity when evaluating quality of life in men with prostate cancer. J. Urol. 2007 177 : 1992 1999.
81. Akakura K, Isaka S, Akimoto S et al. Long-term results of a randomized trial for the treatment of Stages B2 and C prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiation therapy with a common endocrine therapy in both modalities. Urology 1999 54 : 313 318.
82. Arai Y, Akaza H, Deguchi T et al. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with previously untreated advanced prostate cancer receiving maximum androgen blockade therapy or LHRHa monotherapy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative study. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2008 134 : 1385 1396.
83. Arai Y, Okubo K, Aoki Y et al. Patient-reported quality of life after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Int. J. Urol. 1999 6 : 78 86.
84. Egawa S, Shimura S, Irie A et al. Delayed recovery of urinary continence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Int. J. Urol. 2003 10 : 207 212.
85. Egawa S, Shimura S, Irie A et al. Toxicity and health-related quality of life during and after high dose rate brachytherapy followed by external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Jpn J. Clin. Oncol. 2001 31 : 541 547.
86. Hara I, Kawabata G, Miyake H et al. Comparison of quality of life following laparoscopic and open prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J. Urol. 2003 169 : 2045 2048.
87. Hashine K, Kusuhara Y, Miura N, Shirato A, Sumiyoshi Y, Kataoka M. Health-related quality of life using SF-8 and EPIC questionnaires after treatment with radical retropubic prostatectomy and permanent prostate brachytherapy. Jpn J. Clin. Oncol. 2009 39 : 502 508.
88. Hashine K, Azuma K, Koizumi T, Sumiyoshi Y. Health-related quality of life and treatment outcomes for men with prostate cancer treated by combined external-beam radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005 10 : 45 50.
89. Inoue S, Shiina H, Hiraoka T et al. Five-year longitudinal effect of radical perineal prostatectomy on health-related quality of life in Japanese men, using general and disease-specific measures. BJU Int. 2009 104 : 1077 1084.
90. Ishihara M, Suzuki H, Akakura K et al. Baseline health-related quality of life in the management of prostate cancer. Int. J. Urol. 2006 13 : 920 925.
91. Jo Y, Junichi H, Tomohiro F, Yoshinari I, Masato F. Radical prostatectomy versus high-dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: effects on health-related quality of life. BJU Int. 2005 96 : 43 7.
92. Kaiho Y, Nakagawa H, Ikeda Y et al. Intraoperative electrophysiological confirmation of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy. J. Urol. 2005 173 : 1139 1142.
93. Matsubara A, Yasumoto H, Mutaguchi K et al. Impact of radical perineal prostatectomy on urinary continence and quality of life: a longitudinal study of Japanese patients. Int. J. Urol. 2005 12 : 953 958.
94. Mizokami A, Ueno S, Fukagai T, Ito K et al. Global update on defining and treating high-risk localized prostate cancer with leuprorelin: an Asian perspective. BJU Int. 2007 99 : 6 9.
95. Namiki S, Kwan L, Kagawa-Singer M et al. Sexual function reported by Japanese and American men. J. Urol. 2008 179 : 245 249.
96. Namiki S, Kwan L, Kagawa-Singer M et al. Distress and social dysfunction following prostate cancer treatment: a longitudinal cross-cultural comparison of Japanese and American men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2009 12 : 67 71.
97. Namiki S, Kwan L, Kagawa-Singer M et al. Sexual function following radical prostatectomy: a prospective longitudinal study of cultural differences between Japanese and American men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2008 11 : 298 302.
98. Namiki S, Saito S, Tochigi T, Numata I, Ioritani N, Arai Y. Psychological distress in Japanese men with localized prostate cancer. Int. J. Urol. 2007 14 : 924 929.
99. Namiki S, Egawa S, Terachi T et al. Changes in quality of life in first year after radical prostatectomy by retropubic, laparoscopic, and perineal approach: multi-institutional longitudinal study in Japan. Urology 2006 67 : 321 327.
100. Namiki S, Kuwahara M, Ioritani N, Akito T, Arai Y. An evaluation of urinary function after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: concordance with definitions of urinary continence. BJU Int. 2005 95 : 530 533.
101. Namiki S, Saito S, Satoh M et al. Quality of life after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: 2 year longitudinal study. Jpn J. Clin. Oncol. 2005 35 : 551 558.
102. Namiki S, Saito S, Tochigi T et al. Impact of hormonal therapy prior to radical prostatectomy on the recovery of quality of life. Int. J. Urol. 2005 12 : 173 181.
103. Namiki S, Tochigi T, Kuwahara M et al. Recovery of health related quality of life after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: a longitudinal study. Int. J. Urol. 2004 11 : 742 749. (Pubitemid 39387521)
104. Okaneya T, Nishizawa S, Nakayama T, Kamigaito T, Hashida I, Hosaka N. Permanent prostate brachytherapy for Japanese men: results from initial 100 patients with prostate cancer. Int. J. Urol. 2007 14 : 602 606.
105. Saito S, Namiki S, Numahata K et al. Relevance of postcatheter removal incontinence to postoperative urinary function after radical prostatectomy. Int. J. Urol. 2006 13 : 1191 1196.
106. Sugimoto M, Takegami M, Suzukamo Y, Fukuhara S, Kakehi Y. Health-related quality of life in Japanese men with localized prostate cancer: assessment with the SF-8. Int. J. Urol. 2008 15 : 524 528.
107. Yoshimura K, Kamoto T, Nakamura E et al. Health-related quality-of-life after external beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus conformal radiation therapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2007 10 : 288 292.
108. Yoshimura K, Ueda N, Ichioka K, Matsui Y, Terai A, Arai Y. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with urologic cancer: a prospective study at a single Japanese institution. Support. Care Cancer 2005 13 : 685 690.
109. Yoshimura K, Arai Y, Ichioka K, Matsui Y, Ogura K, Terai A. A 3-y prospective study of health-related and disease-specific quality of life in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2004 7 : 144 151.
110. Yoshimura K, Sumiyoshi Y, Hashimura T et al. Neoadjuvant flutamide monotherapy for locally confined prostate cancer. Int. J. Urol. 2003 10 : 190 195.
111. Namiki S, Kwan L, Kagawa-Singer M, Arai Y, Litwin MS. The effect of erectile function on the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors after radical prostatectomy in Japanese and U.S. men. Urology 2008 71 : 901 905.
112. Marumo K, Nakashima J, Murai M. Age-related prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Japan: assessment by the International Index of Erectile Function. Int. J. Urol. 2001 8 : 53 9.
113. Shabsigh R, Perelman MA, Laumann EO, Lockhart DC. Drivers and barriers to seeking treatment for erectile dysfunction: a comparison of six countries. BJU Int. 2004 94 : 1055 1065.
114. Hisasue S, Kumamoto Y, Sato Y et al. Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction symptoms and its relationship to quality of life: a Japanese female cohort study. Urology 2005 65 : 143 148.
115. Takahashi M, Kai I, Hisata M, Higashi Y. Attitudes and practices of breast cancer consultations regarding sexual issues: a nationwide survey of Japanese surgeons. J. Clin. Oncol. 2006 24 : 5763 5768.
116. Gontero P, Fontana F, Bagnasacco A et al. Is there an optimal time for intracavernous prostaglandin E1 rehabilitation following non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomy? Results from a hemodynamic prospective study. J. Urol. 2003 169 : 2166 2169.
117. Miller DC, Wei JT, Dunn RL et al. Use of medications or devices for erectile dysfunction among long-term prostate cancer treatment survivors: potential influence of sexual motivation and/or indifference. Urology 2006 68 : 166 171.
118. Stephenson RA, Mori M, Hsieh YC et al. Treatment of erectile dysfunction following therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: patient reported use and outcomes from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. J. Urol. 2005 174 : 646 650.
119. Perelman M, Shabsigh R, Seftel A, Althof S, Lockhart D. Attitudes of men with erectile dysfunction: a cross-national survey. J. Sex. Med. 2005 2 : 397 406. (Pubitemid 40744381)
120. Jayadevappa R, Johnson JC, Chhatre S, Wein AJ, Malkowicz SB. Ethnic variation in return to baseline values of patient-reported outcomes in older prostate cancer patients. Cancer 2007 109 : 2229 2238.