The role of defense mechanisms in borderline and antisocial personalities

Journal of Personality Assessment

Volumn 92, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 137-145

  Presniak, Michelle D ^a   Olson, Trevor R ^a   MacGregor, Michael Wm ^b  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; BORDERLINE STATE; DEFENSE MECHANISM; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOPATHY;

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER; DEFENSE MECHANISMS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PERSONALITY INVENTORY;

EID: 77049095382     PISSN: 00223891     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00223890903510373     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Andrews, G., Singh, M.,&Bond, M. (1993). The Defense Style Questionnaire. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 246-256.
4. Becker, D. F., Grilo, C. M., Edell, W. S.,&McGlashan, T. H. (2000). Comorbidity of borderline personality disorder with other personality disorders in hospitalized adolescents and adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 2011-2016.
5. Berg, J. L. (1990). Differentiating ego functions of borderline and narcissistic personalities. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 537-548.
6. Berman, S. M.,&McCann, J. T. (1995). Defense mechanisms and personality disorders: An empirical test of Millon's theory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 132-144.
7. Blais, M. A.,&Norman, D. (1997). A psychometric evaluation of the DSM- IV personality disorder criteria sets. Journal of Personality Disorders, 11, 168-176.
8. Bond, M. (1990). Are "borderline defenses" specific for borderline personality disorders? Journal of Personality Disorders, 4, 251-256.
9. Bond, M. (2004). Empirical studies of defense style: Relationships with psychopathology and change. Harvard Review Psychiatry, 12, 263-278.
10. Bond, M., Gardener, S. T., Christian, J.,&Sigal, J. J. (1983). Empirical study of self-rated defense styles. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 333-338.
11. Boone, D. (1998). Internal consistency reliability of the Personality Assessment Inventory with psychiatric patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54, 839-843.
12. Boyle, G. J.,&Lennon, T. J. (1994). Examination of the reliability and validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 16, 173-187.
13. Chabrol, H.,&Leichsenring, F. (2006). Borderline personality organization and psychopathic traits in nonclinical adolescents: Relationships of identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms and reality testing with callousness and impulsivity traits. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 70, 161-170.
14. Cooper, S. H. (1998).Changing notions of defensewithin psychoanalytic theory. Journal of Personality, 66, 947-964.
15. Cramer, P. (1997). Evidence for change in children's use of defensemechanisms. Journal of Personality, 65, 233-247.
16. Cramer, P. (1999). Personality, personality disorders, and defense mechanisms. Journal of Personality, 67, 535-554.
17. Cramer, P. (2006). Protecting the self: Defense mechanisms in action. New York: Guildford.
18. Davidson, K.,&MacGregor, M. Wm. (1996). The reliability of the Defense-Q. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 624-639.
19. Davidson, K.,&MacGregor, M. Wm. (1998). A critical appraisal of self-report defense mechanism measures. Journal of Personality, 66, 965-992.
20. Freud, A. (1986). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. In J. D. Sutherland (Ed.&Trans.), The writings of Anna Freud (Vol. 2). London, England: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1936)
21. Gacono, C. B.,&Meloy, J. R. (1988). The relationship between cognitive style and defensive process in the psychopath. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 15, 472-483.
22. Gacono, C. B., Meloy, J. R.,&Berg, J. L. (1992). Object relations, defensive operations, and affective states in narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 59, 32-49.
23. Hall, P., Davidson, K., MacGregor,M. Wm.,&MacLean, D. (1998). Expanded Structured Interview administration training manual (Tech. Rep. No. 1). Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Heart Health of Nova Scotia.
24. Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
25. Hathaway, S. R.,&McKinley, J. C. (1943). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
26. Herkov, M. J.,&Blashfield, R. K. (1995). Clinician diagnoses of personality disorders: Evidence of a hierarchical structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65, 313-321.
27. Hilsenroth, M. J., Hibbard, S. R., Nash, M. R.,&Handler, L. (1993). A Rorschach study of narcissism, defense, and aggression in borderline, narcissistic, and cluster c personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 60, 346-361.
28. Ihilevich, D.,&Gleser, G. C. (1986). Defense mechanisms: Their classification, correlates, and measurement with the Defense Mechanism Inventory. Owosso, MI: DMI associates.
29. Ihilevich, D.,&Gleser, G. C. (1995). The defense mechanisms inventory: Its development and clinical applications. In H. R. Conte&R. Plutchik (Eds.), Ego defenses: Theory and development (pp. 221-246). New York, NY:Wiley.
30. Kernberg, O. F. (1984). Severe personality disorders: Psychotherapeutic strategies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
31. Kurtz, J. E.,Morey, L. C.,&Tomarken, A. J. (1993). The concurrent validity of three self-reportmeasures of borderline personality. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 15, 255-266.
32. Leichsenring, F., Kunst, H.,&Hoyer, J. (2003). Borderline personality organization in violent offenders: Correlations of identity diffusion and primitive defense mechanisms with antisocial features, neuroticism, and interpersonal problems. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 67, 314-327.
33. Lerner, P.,&Lerner, H. (1980). Rorschach assessment of primitive defenses in borderline personality structure. In J. Kwawer, A. Sugarman, P. Lerner,&H. Lerner (Eds.), Borderline phenomena and the Rorschach test (pp. 257-274). New York, NY: International Universities Press.
34. Lingiardi, V., Lonati, C., Delucchi, F., Fossati, A., Vanzulli, L.,&Maffei, C. (1999). Defense mechanisms and personality disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187, 224-228.
35. MacGregor,M. Wm.,&Davidson, K. (1998). TheDefense-Q: An idiographicQSortmeasure of defense mechanisms. Amanual for clinicians and researchers (Tech. Rep. No. 4). Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Heart Health of Nova Scotia.
36. MacGregor, M. Wm., Davidson, K., Barksdale, C., Black, S.,&MacLean, D. (2003).Adaptive defense use and resting blood pressure in a population-based sample. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 55, 531-541.
37. MacGregor, M. Wm.,&Olson, T. R. (2005). Defense mechanisms: Their relation to personality and health:An exploration of defense mechanisms assessed by the Defense-Q. In A. Columbus (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (Vol. 36, pp. 95-141). New York, NY: Nova Science.
38. MacGregor, M. Wm., Olson, T. R., Presniak, M. D.,&Davidson, K. (2008). The Defense-Q: An idiographic Q-Sort measure of defense mechanisms: A manual for clinicians and researchers (2nd ed.). Unpublished manuscript.
39. McCabe, D. L. (1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological Inquiry, 62, 365-374.
40. Meng, X., Rosenthal, R.,&Rubin, D. B. (1992). Comparing correlated correlation coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 172-175.
41. Morey, L. C. (1991). The Personality Assessment Inventory. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
42. Olson, T. R., Presniak,M. D., &MacGregor,M. Wm. (2009). Differentiation of depression and anxiety groups using defense mechanisms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 834-840.
43. Perry, J. C. (1990). The Defense Mechanism Rating scales (5th ed.). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Hospital.
44. Perry, J. C.,&Cooper, S. H. (1986). A preliminary report on defenses and conflicts associated with borderline personality disorder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 34, 863-893.
45. Pezza, P. E.,&Bellotti, A. (1995). College campus violence: Origins, impacts, and responses. Educational Psychology Review, 7, 105-123.
46. Shedler, J., Mayman, M.,&Manis, M. (1993). The illusion of mental health. American Psychologist, 48, 1117-1131.
47. Spinhoven, P.,&Kooiman, C. G. (1997).Defense style in depressed and anxious psychiatric outpatients: An explorative study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 87-94. (Pubitemid 27087340)
48. Trull, T. J. (1995). Borderline personality disorder features in nonclinical young adults: 1. Identification and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7, 33-41.
49. Trull, T., Useda, J. D., Conforti, K.,&Doan, B. (1997). Borderline personality disorder features in nonclinical young adults: 2. Two-year outcome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 307-314.
50. Vaillant, G. E. (1977). Adaptation to life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
51. Vaillant, G. E. (1994). Ego mechanisms of defense and personality psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 44-50.
52. Walters, G. D., Duncan, S. A.,&Geyer, M. D. (2003). Predicting disciplinary adjustment in inmates undergoing forensic evaluation: A direct comparison of the PCL-R and the PAI. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 14, 382-393.
53. Widiger, T. A. (1993). The DSM-III-R categorical personality disorder diagnoses: A critique and an alternative. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 75-90.
54. Zanarini,M.C., Frankenburg, F. R.,Dubo, E. D., Sickel, A. E., Trikha, A., Levin, A.,&Reynolds, V. (2004). Axis II comorbidity of borderline personality disorder: Description of 6-year course and prediction to time-to-remission. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110, 416-420.