Defense style in depressed and anxious psychiatric outpatients: An explorative study

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Volumn 185, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 87-94

  Spinhoven, Philip ^b   Kooiman, Cornelis G ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DEPRESSION; DYSTHYMIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMATURITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROSIS; OUTPATIENT; PANIC;

ADULT; AMBULATORY CARE; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEFENSE MECHANISMS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DYSTHYMIC DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PANIC DISORDER; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 0031018210     PISSN: 00223018     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005053-199702000-00004     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed, rev) (DSMI-III-R). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Achenbach TM, Edelbrock C (1987) Manual for the youth self report and profile. Burlington: University of Vermont.
3. Akkerman K, Vaughan C, Lewin T (1992) Changes in ego defenses with recovery from depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 180: 634-638.
4. Andrews G, Pollock C, Stewart G (1989) The determination of defense style by questionnaire. Arch Gen Psychiat 46:455-460.
5. Arrindell WA, Ettema, JHM (1987) SCL-90, Handleiding bij een multidimensionele psychopathologie indicator. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
6. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock JE, Erbaugh JK (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiat 4: 561-571.
7. Bloch AL, Shear MK, Markowitz JC, Leon AC, Perry JC (1993) An empirical study of defense mechanisms in dysthymia. Am J Psychiat 150:1194-1198.
8. Bond M (1986) Defense Style Questionnaire. In GE Vaillant (Ed), Empirical studies of ego mechanisms of defense (pp 146-152). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.
9. Bond M, Gardner ST, Christian J (1983) Empirical study of self-rated defense styles. Arch Gen Psychiat 40:333-358.
10. Bond MP, Vaillant JS (1986) An empirical study of the relationship between diagnosis and defense style. Arch Gen Psychiat 43:285-288.
11. Bouman ThK, de Ruiter C (1991) De validiteit van het Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule-Revised (ADIS-R): Een pilot studie. Gedragstherapie 2:77-88.
12. Busch FN, Shear K, Cooper AM, Shapiro Th, Leon AC (1995) An empirical study of defense mechanisms in panic disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 183:299-303.
13. Derogatis LR (1977) SCL90 revised version manual-1. Baltimore: John Hopkins School of Medicine.
14. DiNardo PA, Barlow DH (1988) Anxiety disorders interview schedule-revised (ADIS-R). New York: Graywinds Publications.
15. Freud S (1926) Inhibition, symptom and anxiety. In The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol 20, pp 85-117). London: Hogarth Press.
16. Freud A (1937) Ego and the mechanisms of defense. London: Hogarth Press.
17. Gleser GC, Ihilevich D (1969) An objective instrument for measuring defense mechanisms. J Consult Clin Psychol 33:51-60.
18. Knoppert-van der Klein EAM, Hiddema TSOM (1989) Angst en stemmingsstoornissen bekeken met behulp van de SCL-90, een zelfbeoordelingsklachtenlijst, in het licht van de revisie van de DSM-III classificatie. Tijdschr Psychiat 31:392-398.
19. Margo GM, Greenberg RP, Fisher S, Dewan M (1993) A direct comparison of the defense mechanisms of nondepressed people and depressed psychiatric inpatients. Comp Psychiat 34: 65-69.
20. Murris P, Merckelbach H (1994) Defense style, trait anxiety, worry, and bodily symptoms. Person Indiv Differ 16:349-351.
21. Noam GG, Recklitis ChJ (1990) The relationship between defenses and symptoms in adolescent psychopathology. J Person Assess 54:311-327.
22. Perry JC, Cooper SH (1989) An empirical study of defense mechanisms. Arch Gen Psychiat 46:444-452.
23. Pollock C, Andrews G (1989) Defense styles associated with specific anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiat 146:1500-1502.
24. Robins LN, Heizer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS (1981) National Institute for Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: its history, characteristics, and validity. Arch Gen Psychiat 38: 381-389.
25. Smith C, Thienemann M, Steiner H (1992) Defense style and adaptation in adolescents with depressions and eating disorders. Acta Paedopsychiat 55:185-186.
26. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch A, Lushene RL (1970) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologist Press.
27. Spinhoven Ph, Van Gaalen HAE, Abraham RE (1995) The Defense Style Questionnaire: A psychometric examination. J Person Dis 9:124-133.
28. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB (1988) Instruction manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research.
29. Vaillant GE (1992) Ego mechanisms of defense: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.