The lasting effects of marijuana use on educational attainment in midlife

Substance Use and Misuse

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 554-597

  Ryan, Andrea Kay ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescence limited; Adolescent consequences; Educational attainment; Life course persistent; Longitudinal; Marijuana use

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGING; ARTICLE; CANNABIS SMOKING; CHILD BEHAVIOR; DRUG EFFECT; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ADULT; AGING; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 76849112707     PISSN: 10826084     EISSN: 15322491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10826080802490238     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Allen, O., Page, R. (1994). Variance in substance use between rural black and white Mississippi high school students. Adolescence, 29:401-404.
2. Arum, R. (2000). Schools and communities: ecological and institutional dimensions. Annual Review of Sociology, 26:395-418.
3. Bachman, J. G., Safron, D. J., Sy, S. R., Schulenberg, J. E. (2003).Wishing to work: new perspectives on how adolescents' part-time work intensity is linked to educational disengagement, substance use, and other problem behaviors. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27:301-315.
4. Bailey, T., Jenkins, D., Leinbach, T. (2005). What we know about community college low-income and minority student outcomes: descriptive statistics from national surveys. Community College Research Center, Columbia University. Accessed at http://ccrc.tc.Columbia.edu; pp. 1-84.
5. Blake, J. (1981). Family size and the quality of children. Demography, 18:324-342.
6. Blake, J. (1989). Family size and achievement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
7. Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. The Economic Journal, 75:493-517.
8. Blau, P. M., Duncan, O. D. (1967). The American occupational structure. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
9. Block, R. I., Farinpour, R., Braverman, K. (1992). Acute effects of marijuana on cognition: Relationship to chronic effects and smoking techniques. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 43:907-917.
10. Block, R. I., Ghoneim, M. M. (1993). Effects of chronic marijuana use on human cognition. Psychopharmacology, 110:219-228.
11. Bowles, S., Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in capitalist America: educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. New York: Basic Books.
12. Bowles, S., Gintis, H., Groves, M. O. (2005). Unequal chances: family background and economic success. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
13. Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J. H. (1997). Explaining educational differentials towards a formal rational action theory. Rational Science, 9:275-305. (Pubitemid 127713418)
14. Breen, R. Jonsson, J. O. (2005). Inequality of opportunity in comparative perspective: recent research on educational attainment and social mobility. Annual Review of Sociology, 31:223-243.
15. Brien, M. J., Wills, R. J. (1997). Costs and consequences for the fathers. In Maynard, R. A. (Ed.), Kids having kids. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press.
16. Brook, D. W., Brook, J. S., Zhang, C., Cohen, P., Whiteman, M. (2002). Drug use and the risk of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59:1039-1044.
17. Brook, J. S., Adams, R. E., Balka, E. B., Johnson, E. (2002). Early adolescent marijuana use: risks for the transition to young adulthood. Psychological Medicine, 32:79-91.
18. Brook, J. S., Brook, D. W., Rosen, Z., Rabbitt, C. R. (2003). Earlier marijuana use and later problem behavior in Colombian youths. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42:485-492.
19. Carr, R. V., Wright, J. D., Brody, C. J. (1996). Effects of high school work experience a decade later: evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey. Sociology of Education, 69:66-81.
20. Chang, L., R. Yakupov, C. C., Ernst, T. (2006). Marijuana use is associated with a reorganized visual-attention network and cerebellar hypoactivation. Brain, 129:1096-1112.
21. Chatterji, P. (2006). Does alcohol use during high school affect educational attainment?: Evidence from the National Educational Longitudinal Study. Economics of Education Review, 25:482-497.
22. Chen, K., Kandel, D. B. (1995). The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid thirties in a general population sample. American Journal of Public Health, 85:41-47.
23. Coleman, J., Hoffer, T. (1987). Public and private high schools: the impact of communities. New York: Basic Books.
24. Davies, R., Heinesen, E., Holm, A. (2002). The relative risk aversion hypothesis of educational choice. Journal of Population Economics, 15:683-714.
25. Delva, J., Wallace, J. M. Jr., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Johnston, L. D., Schulenberg, J. E. (2005). The epidemiology of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use among Mexican Americans, Puerto Rican, Cuban American, and other Latin American eighth-grade students in the United States: 1991-2002. American Journal of Public Health, 95:696-702.
26. Donovan, J. E. (1996). Problem-behavior theory and the explanation of adolescent marijuana use. Journal of Drug Issues, 26:379-404.
27. Donovan, J. E., Jessor, R. (1985). Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53:890-904.
28. Ellickson, P., Bui, K., Bell, R., McGuigan, K. A. (1998). Does early drug use increase the risk of dropping out of high school? Journal of Drug Issues, 28:357-380.
29. Fergusson, D. M., Lynskey, M. T., Horwood, L. J. (1996). The short term consequences of early cannabis use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24:499-512.
30. Furstenberg, F. F. Jr., Brooks-Gunn, J., Chase-Lansdale, L. (1989). Teenaged pregnancy and childbearing. American Psychologist, 44:313-320.
31. Glass, J., Jacobs, J. (2005). Childhood religious conservatism and adult attainment among black and white women. Social Forces, 84:555-579.
32. Greeley, A. M. (1972). The denominational society. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
33. Green, B. E., Ritter, C. (2000).Marijuana use and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41: 40-49.
34. Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and young adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112:64-105.
35. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
36. Hofferth, S. L., Reid, L., Mott, F. L. (2001). The effects of early childbearing on schooling over time. Family Planning Perspectives, 33:259-267.
37. Horn, L., Cataldi, E. F., Sikora, A. (2005). Waiting to attend college: undergraduates who delay their post-secondary enrollment (NCES 2005-152). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
38. Horwitz, S. M., Klerman, L. V., Kuo, H. S., Jekel, J. F. (1991). School-age mothers: Predictors of long-term educational and economic outcomes. Pediatrics, 87:862-868.
39. Hussar, W. J., Bailey, T.M. (2006). Projections of education statistics to 2015 (NCES 2006-084). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
40. Ingoldsby, E. M., Shaw, D. S. (2002). Neighborhood contextual factors and early starting antisocial pathways. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5:21-55.
41. Jessor, R., Jessor, S. L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development-a longitudinal study of youth. New York: Academic Press.
42. Johnson, M. K., Elder, G. H. Jr., Stern, M. (2005). Attachments to family and community and the young adult transition of rural youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15:99-125.
43. Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E. (2006a). Monitoring the future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2005: Volume I: secondary school students (NIH Publication No. 05-5883). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
44. Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E.. (2006b). Monitoring the future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2005: Volume II: college students and adults ages 19-25 (NIH Publication No. 05-5884). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
45. Jones, A. S., Astone, N. M., Keyl, P. M., Young, J., Kim, Y. J., Alexander, C. S. (1999). Teen childbearing and educational attainment: a comparison of methods. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 20:387-418.
46. Kalmijn, M. (1994). Mother's occupational status and children's schooling. American Sociological Review, 59:257-275.
47. Kandel, D. B., Chen, K. (2000). Types of marijuana users by longitudinal course. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61:367-378.
48. Kandel, D. B., Davies, M., Karus, D., Yamaguchi, K. (1986). The consequences in young adulthood of adolescent drug involvement: an overview. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43:746-754.
49. Kao, G., Thompson, J. S. (2003). Racial and ethnic stratification in educational achievement and attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 29:417-442.
50. Keysar, A., Kosmin, B. A. (1995). The impact of religious identification on differences in educational attainment among American women in 1990. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 34:49-62.
51. Kingston, P. W., Hubbard, R., Lapp, B., Schroeder, P., Wilson, J. (2003). Why education matters. Sociology of Education, 76:53-70.
52. Klepinger, D. H., Lundberg, S., Plotnick, R. D. (1995). Adolescent fertility and the educational attainment of young women. Family Planning Perspectives, 27:23-28.
53. Korupp, S. E., Ganzeboom, H. B. G., Van Der Lippe, T. (2002). Do mothers matter? A comparison of models of the influence of mothers' and fathers' educational and occupational status on children's educational attainment. Quality and Quantity, 36:17-42.
54. Krein, S. F. (1986). Growing up in a single parent family: the effect on education and earnings of young men. Family Relations, 35:161-168.
55. Krein, S. F., Beller, A. H. (1988). Educational attainment of children from single-parent families: differences by exposure, gender, and race. Demography, 25:221-234.
56. Lareau, A. (1987). Social class differences in family school relationships: the importance of cultural capital. Sociology of Education, 60:73-85.
57. Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G. A., Shema, S. J. (1997). Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning. The New England Journal of Medicine, 337:1889-1995.
58. Lynskey, M., Hall, W. (2000). The effects of adolescent cannabis use on educational attainment: a review. Addiction, 95:1621-1630.
59. Macy,M.W., Flache, A. (1995). Beyond rationality in models of choice. Annual Review of Sociology, 21:73-91.
60. Mayer, S. E. (2002). How economic segregation affects children's educational attainment. Social Forces, 81:153-176.
61. McDonough, P., Sacker, A., Wiggins, R. D. (2005). Time on my side? Life course trajectories of poverty and health. Social Science and Medicine, 61:1795-1808.
62. McGregor, I. S., Arnold, J. C. (2007). Cannabis reward: biased towards the fairer sex? British Journal of Pharmacology, 152:562-564.
63. Mensch, B. S., Kandel, D. B. (1988a). Dropping out of high school and drug involvement. Sociology of Education, 61:95-113.
64. Mensch, B. S., Kandel, D. B. (1988b). Underreporting of substance use in a national longitudinal youth cohort: Individual and interviewer effects. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 52:100-124.
65. Merline, A. C.,O'Malley, P. M., Schulenberg, J. E., Bachman, J. G., Johnston, L. D. (2004). Substance use among adults 35 years of age: prevalence, adulthood predictors, and impact of adolescent substance use. American Journal of Public Health, 94:96-102.
66. Miech, R. A., Shanahan, M. J. (2000). Socioeconomic status and depression over the life course. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41:162-176.
67. Miller, D. (2005). Adolescent cigarette smoking: a longitudinal analysis through young adulthood. Education Statistics Services Institute, National Center for Education Statistics. Pub No. NCES 2005-333; pp. 1-20. Accessed from http://nces.ed.gov
68. Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100:674-701.
69. Moffitt, T. E. (1997). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent offending: a complementary pair of developmental theories. In Thornberry, T. P. (Ed.), Advances in criminological theory, Vol.7: developmental theories of crime and delinquency. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
70. Mortenson, T. G. (2000). Poverty, race, and the failure of public policy: the crisis of access in higher education. Academe, 86:38-43.
71. Mortimer, J. T., Finch, M. D., Ryu, S., Shanahan, M. J., Call, K. T. (1996). The effects of work intensity on adolescent mental health, achievement, and behavioral adjustment: New evidence from a prospective study. Child Development, 67:1243-1261.
72. Nash, R. (1999). Realism in the sociology of education: "explaining" social differences in attainment. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 20:107-125.
73. Newcomb, M. D., Bentler, P. M. (1988). Consequences of adolescent drug use: impact on the lives of young adults. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
74. Newes-Adeyi, G, Chen, C. M.,Williams, G. D., Faden, V. B. (2006). Surveillance report #74. Trends in underage drinking in the United States, 1991-2003. Bethesda, MD: NIAAA, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alcohol Epidemiology Data System, October 2005, e-pub @http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/surveillance74/underage03.htm. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
75. Newsmith, A., Buchdahl, D. (1999). Community College of Vermont: making college accessible to rural Vermonters. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 23:315-323.
76. NIDA Notes. (2003). Gender and ethnic patterns in drug use among high school seniors. Bethesda, MD: Institute on Drug Abuse 18:Tearoff.
77. NLS News. (2006). The how-to on custom weights. National Longitudinal Surveys, 06-124:2.
78. NLS User's Guide. (2004). A Guide to the 1979-2002 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Data. Columbus, OH: Center for Human Resource Research.
79. NSDUH Report. (2006). Academic performance and substance use among students aged 12 to 17: 2002, 2003, and 2004. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Accessed June 15, 2006, from http://www.oas.samhsa.gov
80. Oppenheimer, V. K. (1994). Women's rising employment and the future of the family in industrial societies. Population and Development Review, 20:293-342.
81. Oppenheimer, V. K. (1997). Women's employment and the gain to marriage: the specialization and trading model. Annual Review of Sociology, 23:431-453.
82. Paternoster, R., Bushway, S., Brame, R., Apel, R. (2003). The effect of teenage employment on delinquency and problem behaviors. Social Forces, 82:297-335.
83. Perrin, R. D. (1989). American religion in the post-Aquarian age: values and demographic factors in church growth and decline. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28:75-89.
84. Rice, M. J. (2002). Net-based videoconferencing offers an option for rural health education. Medicine on the Net, 8:8.
85. Rich, L. M., Kim, S-B. (1999). Patterns of later life education among teenage mothers. Gender and Society, 13:798-817.
86. Roscigno, V. J., Crowley, M. L. (2001). Rurality, institutional disadvantage, and achievement/ attainment. Rural Sociology, 66:268-293.
87. Scott-Jones, D. (1991). Educational levels of adolescent childbearers at first and second births. American Journal of Education, 99:461-480.
88. Shedler, J., Block, J. (1990). Adolescent drug use and psychological health. American Psychologist, 45:612-630.
89. Sherkat, D. E., Darnell, A. (1999). The effect of parents' fundamentalism on children's educational attainment: examining differences by gender and children's fundamentalism. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38:23-35.
90. Stacey, N. (1998). Social benefits of education. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 559:54-63.
91. Steelman, L. C., Powell, B., Werum, R., Carter, S. (2002). Reconsidering the effects of sibling configurations: recent advances and challenges. Annual Review of Sociology, 28:243-269.
92. St. John, E. P., Tuttle, T. J. (2004). Financial aid and postsecondary opportunity for nontraditional age, pre-college students: the roles of information and the education delivery systems. Boston, MA: The Education Resources Institute (TERI). Accessed November 8, 2006, from http://www.teri.org.
93. Thornburgh, N. (2006). Dropout nation. Time, 167(16, April 17):30-40.
94. Tucker, J. S., Ellickson, P. L., Collins, R. L., Klein, D. J. (2006). Are drug experimenters better adjusted than abstainers and users? A longitudinal study of adolescent marijuana users. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39:488-494.
95. United States Census Bureau. (2006). Educational attainment by race and Hispanic origin: 1960 to 2004. The 2006 Statistical Abstract. The National Data Book. Washington, DC: United States Bureau of the Census. Accessed January 25, 2007, from http://www.census.gov.compedia.
96. Wallace, J. M.,Bachman, J. G.,O'Malley, P. M., Schulenberg, J. E., Cooper, S., Johnston, L. D. (2003). Gender and ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students, 1976-2000. Addiction, 98:225-234.
97. Wallace, J. M., Foreman, T. A., Guthrie, B. J., Bachman, J. G., O'Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D. (1999). The epidemiology of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among black youth. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60:800-809.
98. Williams, L. S. (2002). The prophecy of place: a labor market study of young women and education. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 61:681-712.
99. Wilson, S. M., Peterson, G. W., Wilson, P. (1993). The process of educational and occupational attainment of adolescent females from low-income, rural families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55:158-175.