Magnetic stimulation and central conduction time

Handbook of Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 4, Issue C, 2004, Pages 283-293

  Mills, K R ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 76749122602     PISSN: 15674231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1567-4231(04)04014-6     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Abdeen M.A., and Stuchly M.A. Modeling of magnetic field stimulation of bent neurons. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng 41 (1994) 1092-1095
2. Andersen P.M., Forsgren L., Binzer M., Nilsson P., Ala-Hurula V., Keranen M.L., Bergmark L., Saarinen A., Haltia T., Tarvainen I., Kinnunen E., Udd B., and Marklund S.L. Autosomal recessive adult-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with homozygosity for Asp90Ala CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutation. A clinical and genealogical study of 36 patients. Brain 119 (1996) 1153-1172
3. Arunachalam A., Osei-Lah A., and Mills K. Trancutaneous cervical root stimulation in the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 74 9 (2003) 1329-1331
4. Awiszus F., and Feistner H. Abnormal EPSPs evoked by magnetic brain stimulation in hand muscle motoneurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 89 (1993) 408-414
5. Barker A.T. An introduction to the basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation. J. Clin. Neurophysiol 8 (1991) 26-37
6. Barker A., Freeston I., Jalinous R., Merton P., and Morton H. Magnetic stimulation of the human brain. J. Physiol 369 (1985) 3P
7. Beckers G., and Homberg V. Impairment of visual perception and visual short term memory scanning by transcranial magnetic stimulation of occipital cortex. Exp. Brain Res 87 (1991) 421-432
8. Berardelli A., Inghilleri M., Cruccu G., Mercuri B., and Manfredi M. Electrical and magnetic transcranial stimulation in patients with corticospinal damage due to stroke or motor neurone disease. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 81 (1991) 389-396
9. Boniface S.J., Mills K.R., and Schubert M. Responses of single spinal motoneurons to magnetic brain stimulation in healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 114 (1991) 643-662
10. Brown W.F., Ebers G.C., Hudson A.J., Pringle C.E., and Veitch J. Motor-evoked responses in primary lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 15 (1992) 626-629
11. Cerri G., De Leo R., Moglie F., and Schiavoni A. An accurate 3-D model for magnetic stimulation of the brain cortex. J. Med. Eng. Technol 19 (1995) 7-16
12. Chu N.S. Motor evoked potentials with magnetic stimulation: correlations with height. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 74 (1989) 481-485
13. Claus D. Central motor conduction: method and normal results. Muscle Nerve 13 (1990) 1125-1132
14. Claus D., Brunholzl C., Kerling F.P., and Henschel S. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a diagnostic and prognostic test in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci 129 (1995) 30-34
15. Cruz Martinez A., and Trejo J. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis. Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 39 (1999) 285-288
16. Day B.L., Dressler D., Maertens de Noordhout A., Marsden C.D., Nakashima K., Rothwell J.C., and Thompson P.D. Electric and magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex: surface EMG and single motor unit responses. J. Physiol. Lond 412 (1989) 449-473
17. Day B.L., Rothwell J.C., Thompson P.D., Maertens de Noordhout A., Nakashima K., Shannon K., and Marsden C.D. Delay in the execution of voluntary movement by electrical or magnetic brain stimulation in intact man. Evidence for the storage of motor programs in the brain. Brain 112 (1989) 649-663
18. De Carvalho M., Miranda P., Sales-Luis M., and Ducla-Soares E. Cortical muscle representation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: changes with disease evolution. Muscle Nerve 22 (1999) 1684-1692
19. De Leo R., Cerri G., Balducci D., Moglie F., Scarpino O., and Guidi M. Computer modelling of brain cortex excitation by magnetic field pulses. J. Med. Eng. Technol 16 (1992) 149-156
20. Di Lazzaro V., Restuccia D., Oliviero A., Profice L., Insola A., Mazzone P., Tonali P., and Rothwell J.C. Effects of voluntary contraction on descending volleys evoked by transcranial stimulation in conscious humans. J. Physiol 508 (1998) 625-633
21. Di Lazzaro V., Oliviero A., Pilato F., Mazzone P., Insola A., Ranieri F., and Tonali P.A. Corticospinal volleys evoked by transcranial stimulation of the brain in conscious humans. Neurol. Res 25 (2003) 143-150
22. Dressler D., Voth E., Feldmann M., and Benecke R. Safety aspects of transcranial brain stimulation in man tested by single photon emission-computed tomography. Neurosci. Lett 119 (1990) 153-155
23. Eisen A.A., and Shtybel W. AAEM minimonograph No. 35: Clinical experience with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Muscle Nerve 13 (1990) 995-1011
24. Eisen A., Shytbel W., Murphy K., and Hoirch M. Cortical magnetic stimulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 13 (1990) 146-151
25. Eisen A., Entezari Taher M., and Stewart H. Cortical projections to spinal motoneurons: changes with aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 46 (1996) 1396-1404
26. Epstein C.M., Fernandez Beer E., Fernandez Beer E., Weissman J.D., and Matsuura S. Cervical magnetic stimulation: the role of the neural foramen. Neurology 41 (1991) 677-680
27. Furby A., Bourriez J.L., Jacquesson J.M., Mounier Vehier F., and Guieu J.D. Motor evoked potentials to magnetic stimulation: technical considerations and normative data from 50 subjects. J. Neurol 239 (1992) 152-156
28. Garnham C.W., Barker A.T., and Freeston I.L. Measurement of the activating function of magnetic stimulation using combined electrical and magnetic stimuli. J. Med. Eng. Technol 19 (1995) 57-61
29. Haug B.A., Schonle P.W., Knobloch C., and Kohne M. Silent period measurement revives as a valuable diagnostic tool with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 85 (1992) 158-160
30. Hefter H., Heidenreich F., and Benecke R. Electrophysiological characterization of the X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy (XRBSN). Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 31 (1991) 451-460
31. Hess C.W., Mills K.R., and Murray N.M. Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain. J. Physiol. Lond 388 (1987) 397-419
32. Hess C.W., Mills K.R., Murray N.M., and Schriefer T.N. Magnetic brain stimulation: central motor conduction studies in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol 22 (1987) 744-752
33. Ho K., Nithi K., and Mills K. Covariation between human intrinsic hand muscles of the silent periods and compound muscle action potentials evoked by magnetic brain stimulation: evidence for common inhibitory connections. Exp. Brain Res 122 (1998) 433-440
34. Imai T., Matsuya M., Matsumoto H., Ishikawa Y., and Minami R. Preservation of central motor conduction in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type II. Brain Dev 17 (1995) 432-435
35. Inghilleri M., Berardelli A., Cruccu G., and Manfredi M. Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction. J. Physiol. Lond 466 (1993) 521-534
36. Kandler R. Safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation [letter; comment]. Lancet 335 (1990) 469-470
37. Kischka U., Fajfr R., Fellenberg T., and Hess C.W. Facilitation of motor evoked potentials from magnetic brain stimulation in man: a comparative study of different target muscles. J. Clin. Neurophysiol 10 (1993) 505-512
38. Kohara N., Kaji R., Kojima Y., Mills K.R., Fujii H., Hamano T., Kimura J., Takamatsu N., and Uchiyama T. Abnormal excitability of the corticospinal pathway in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a single motor unit study using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 101 (1996) 32-41
39. Kujirai T., Caramia M.D., Rothwell J.C., Day B.L., Thompson P.D., Ferbert A., Wroe S., Asselman P., and Marsden C.D. Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex. J. Physiol. Lond 471 (1993) 501-519
40. Maccabee P.J., Amassian V.E., Cracco R.Q., Eberle L.P., and Rudell A.P. Mechanisms of peripheral nervous system stimulation using the magnetic coil. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl 43 (1991) 344-361
41. Maccabee P.J., Amassian V.E., Eberle L.P., Rudell A.P., Cracco R.Q., Lai K.S., and Somasundarum M. Measurement of the electric field induced into inhomogeneous volume conductors by magnetic coils: application to human spinal neurogeometry. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 81 (1991) 224-237
42. Magistris M.R., Rosler K.M., Truffert A., and Myers J.P. Transcranial stimulation excites virtually all motor neurons supplying the target muscle. A demonstration and a method improving the study of motor evoked potentials. Brain 121 (1998) 437-450
43. Merton P., Hill D., Morton H., and Marsden C. Scope of a technique for electrical stimulation of human brain, spinal cord, and muscle. Lancet 2 (1982) 597-600
44. Mills K.R. Magnetic brain stimulation: a tool to explore the action of the motor cortex on single human spinal motoneurones. Trends Neurosci 14 (1991) 401-405
45. Mills K.R. Motor neuron disease. Studies of the corticospinal excitation of single motor neurons by magnetic brain stimulation. Brain 118 (1995) 971-982
46. Mills K.R. Magnetic stimulation of the human nervous system (1999), Oxford University Press, Oxford
47. Mills K. The natural history of central motor abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 126 (2003) 2558-2566
48. Mills K.R., and Nithi K.A. Corticomotor threshold to magnetic stimulation: normal values and repeatability. Muscle Nerve 20 (1997) 570-576
49. Mills K., and Nithi K. Peripheral and central motor conduction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci 159 (1998) 82-87
50. Mills K.R., Boniface S.J., and Schubert M. Magnetic brain stimulation with a double coil: the importance of coil orientation. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 85 (1992) 17-21
51. Mills K.R., McLeod C., Sheffy J., and Loh L. The optimal current direction for excitation of human cervical motor roots with a double coil magnetic stimulator. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 89 (1993) 138-144
52. Muller K., Homberg V., and Lenard H.G. Magnetic stimulation of motor cortex and nerve roots in children. Maturation of cortico-motoneuronal projections. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 81 (1991) 63-70
53. Nagarajan S.S., Durand D.M., and Hsuing Hsu K. Mapping location of excitation during magnetic stimulation: effects of coil position. Ann. Biomed. Eng 25 (1997) 112-125
54. Nakajima M., Eisen A., McCarthy R., Olney R.K., and Aminoff M.J. Reduced corticomotoneuronal excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with normal Ia afferent EPSPs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 47 (1996) 1555-1561
55. Osei Lah A., Turner M.R., Andersen P.M., Leigh N.L., and Mills K.R. A novel central motor conduction abnormality in D90A-homozygous ALS patients. Muscle Nerve 29 (2004) 790-794
56. Palmer E., and Ashby P. Corticospinal projections to upper limb motoneurones in humans. J. Physiol. Lond 448 (1992) 397-412
57. Pascual-Leone A., Davey N., Rothwell J., Wassermann E., and Puri B. Handbook of transcranial magnetic stimulation (2002), Edward Arnold, London p. 406
58. Patton H.D., and Amassian V.E. Single- and multiple-unit analysis of cortical stage of pyramidal tract activation. J. Neurophysiol 17 (1954) 345-363
59. Polson M. The stimulation of human peripheral nerve trunks by time-varying magnetic fields (1981), University of Sheffield, Sheffield
60. Ranck Jr. J.B. Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review. Brain Res 98 (1975) 417-440
61. Rosler K., Truffert A., Hess C., and Magistris M. Quantification of upper motor neuron loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin. Neurophysiol 111 (2000) 2208-2218
62. Rosler K., Petrow E., Mathis J., Aranyi Z., Hess C., and Magistris M. Effect of discharge desynchronisation on the size of motor evoked potentials: an analysis. Clin. Neurophysiol 113 (2002) 1680-1687
63. Rossini P.M., Caramia M.D., and Zarola F. Mechanisms of nervous propagation along central motor pathways: noninvasive evaluation in healthy subjects and in patients with neurological disease. Neurosurgery 20 (1987) 183-191
64. Roth B.J., and Basser P.J. A model of the stimulation of a nerve fiber by electromagnetic induction. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng 37 (1990) 588-597
65. Roth B.J., Cohen L.G., Hallett M., Friauf W., and Basser P.J. A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced by magnetic stimulation of a peripheral nerve. Muscle Nerve 13 (1990) 734-741
66. Roth B.J., Saypol J.M., Hallett M., and Cohen L.G. A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 81 (1991) 47-56
67. Roth B.J., Pascual Leone A., Roth B.J., Cohen L.G., and Hallett M. The heating of metal electrodes during rapid-rate magnetic stimulation: a possible safety hazard. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 85 (1992) 116-123
68. Rothwell J.C. Physiological studies of electric and magnetic stimulation of the human brain. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl 43 (1991) 29-35
69. Rothwell J.C. Techniques and mechanisms of action of transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex. J. Neurosci. Methods 74 (1997) 113-122
70. Rothwell J.C., Thompson P.D., Day B.L., Dick J.P., Kachi T., Cowan J.M., and Marsden C.D. Motor cortex stimulation in intact man. 1. General characteristics of EMG responses in different muscles. Brain 110 (1987) 1173-1190
71. Sanger T., Garg R., and Chen R. Interactions between two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex. J. Physiol 530 (2001) 307-317
72. Schnitzler A., Kessler K.R., and Benecke R. Transcallosally mediated inhibition of interneurons within human primary motor cortex. Exp. Brain. Res 112 (1996) 381-391
73. Schriefer T.N., Hess C.W., Mills K.R., and Murray N.M. Central motor conduction studies in motor neurone disease using magnetic brain stimulation. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 74 (1989) 431-437
74. Thompson P.D., Day B.L., Rothwell J.C., Dick J.P., Cowan J.M., Asselman P., Griffin G.B., Sheehy M.P., and Marsden C.D. The interpretation of electromyographic responses to electrical stimulation of the motor cortex in diseases of the upper motor neurone. J. Neurol. Sci 80 (1987) 91-110
75. Tobimatsu S., Sun S.-J., Fukui R., and Kato M. Effect of sex, height and age on motor evoked potentials with magnetic stimulation. J. Neurol 245 (1998) 256-261
76. Triggs W., Menkes D., Onorato J., Yan R., Young M., Newell K., Sander H.W., Soto O., Chiappa K.W., and Cros D. Transcranial magnetic stimulation identifies upper motor neuron involvement in motor neuron disease. Neurology 53 (1999) 605-611
77. Truffert A., Rosler K., and Magistris M. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis versus cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation with recordings from the trapezius and limb muscles. Clin. Neurophysiol 111 (2000) 1031-1038
78. Ugawa Y., Shimpo T., and Mannen T. Central motor conduction in cerebrovascular disease and motor neuron disease. Acta Neurol. Scand 78 (1988) 297-306
79. Uncini A., Treviso M., Di-Muzio A., Simone P., and Pullman S. Physiological basis of voluntary activity inhibition induced by transcranial cortical stimulation. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 89 (1993) 211-220
80. Urban P., Vogt T., and Hopf H. Corticobulbar tract involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Brain 121 (1998) 1099-1108
81. Walsh V., Ashbridge E., and Cowey A. Cortical plasticity in perceptual learning demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropsychologia 36 (1998) 45-49
82. Wassermann E.M. Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol 108 (1998) 1-16
83. Weber M., Eisen A., Stewart H., Andersen P., and Hirota N. The physiological basis of conduction slowing in ALS patients homozygous for the D90A CuZn-SOD mutation. Muscle Nerve 24 (2001) 89-97
84. Zhai P., Pagan F., Statland J., Butman J., and Floeter M. Primary lateral sclerosis: A heterogeneous disorder composed of different subtypes?. Neurology 60 (2003) 1258-1265
85. Ziemann U., Tergau F., Wassermann E., Wischer S., Hildebrandt J., and Paulus W. Demonstration of facilitatory I wave interaction in the human motor cortex by paired transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Physiol 511 (1998) 181-190