Transnational entrepreneurs, worldchanging entrepreneurs, and ambassadors: A typology of the new breed of expatriates

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 39-53

  Connelly, Brian L ^a  

^a AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Expatriate; Non profit; Self categorization theory; Transnational entrepreneur; Typology

Indexed keywords

EID: 76649143723     PISSN: 15547191     EISSN: 15551938     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11365-009-0116-5     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. (2006). Global Relocation Trends Survey Report: GMAC Global Relocation Services, Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), and the National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC).
2. (2004). The Global 1000, Business Week: 58-61: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. Adler, N. J. (1991). International dimensions of organizational behavior. Boston: PWS-Kent.
4. Albaum, G., & Baker, K. (1976). The sampling problem in validation of multiple discriminant analysis. Journal of the Market Research Society, 18, 158-162.
5. Bailey, K. D. (1973). Monothetic and polythetic typologies and their relation to conceptualization, measurement, and scaling. American Sociological Review, 38, 18-33.
6. Bakke, E. W. (1959). Concept of the social organization. In M. Haire (Ed.), Modern organization theory (pp. 16-75). New York: Wiley.
7. Bell, B. S., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2002). A typology of virtual teams. Group and Organization Management, 27(1), 14-49.
8. Bhaskar-Shrinivas, P., Harrison, D. A., Shaffer, M. A., & Luk, D. M. (2004). What have I learned about expatriate adjustment? Answers accumulated from 23 years of research. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, New Orleans.
9. Birley, S. (2001). Owner-manager attitudes to family business issues: a 16-country study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(2), 63-76.
10. Black, J. S. (1988). Work role transitions: a study of American expatriate managers in Japan. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(2), 277-294.
11. Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1990). Expectations, satisfaction, and intention to leave of American expatriates in Japan. International Journal of Intercultural Business, 14, 485-506.
12. Black, J. S., Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (1991). Toward a comprehensive model of international adjustment: an integration of multiple theoretical perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 16, 291-318.
13. Bradley, R. A., & Terry, M. E. (1952). Rank analysis of incomplete block designs: the method of paired comparisons. Biometrika, 39, 324-345.
14. Brewster, C. (1997). International HRM: beyond expatriation. Human Resource Management Journal, 7, 31-32.
15. Bruner, J. S. (1957). On perceptual readiness. Psychological Review, 64, 123-152.
16. Caligiuri, P. (2006). Performance measurement in a cross-national context. In W. Bennett, C. E. Lance & D. J. Woehr (Eds.), Performance measurement: Current perspectives and future challenges (pp. 227-243). Mahwah: Erlbaum.
17. Caligiuri, P., Phillips, J., Lazarova, M., Tarique, I., & Bargi, P. (2001). The theory of met expectations applied to expatriate adjustment: the role of crosscultural training. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 357-373.
18. Chandler, G. N., & Lyon, D. W. (2001). Issues of research design and construct measurement in entrepreneurship research: the past decade. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(4), 101-113.
19. Chang, W. W. (2005). Expatriate training in international nongovernmental organizations: a model for research. Human Resource Development Review, 4(4), 440-461.
20. Connelly, B., Hitt, M. A., DeNisi, A., & Ireland, R. D. (2007). Expatriates and corporate-level international strategy: governing with the knowledge contract. Management Decision, 45(3), 564-581.
21. Coyle-Shapiro, J., Morrow, P., & Kessler, I. (2006). Serving two organizations: exploring the employment relationship of contracted employees. Human Resource Management, 45(4), 561-583.
22. Costanza, M. C., & Afifi, A. A. (1979). Comparison of stopping rules in forward stepwise discriminant analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 777-785.
23. Daniels, M. R., & Darcy, R. (1983). Notes on the use and interpretation of discriminant analysis. American Journal of Political Science, 27, 359-382.
24. Goldberg, L. R. (1966). Reliability of peace corps selection boards: a study of inter-judge agreement before and after board discussions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 50, 400-409.
25. Green, A. O., & Hunton-Clarke, L. (2003). A typology of stakeholder participation for company environmental decision-making. Business Strategy and the Environment, 12(5), 292-299.
26. Haas, J. E., Hall, R. H., & Johnson, N. J. (1966). Toward an empirically derived taxonomy of organizations. In R. V. Bowers (Ed.), Studies on behavior in organizations (pp. 157-180). Athens: University of Georgia Press.
27. Haslam, S. A., Powel, C., & Turner, J. C. (2000). Social identity, self-categorization, and work motivation: Rethinking the contribution of the group to positive and sustainable organizational outcomes. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49(3), 319-339.
28. Hitt, M. A., Tihanyi, L., Miller, T., & Connelly, B. (2006). International diversification: antecedents, outcomes, and moderators. Journal of Management, 32(6), 831-867.
29. Hodgetts, R. M., & Luthans, F. (2000). International management: Culture, strategy and behavior. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
30. Holt, D. B. (1995). How consumers consume: a typology of consumption practices. Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 1-17.
31. Luce, R. D. (1959). Individual choice behavior. New York: Wiley.
32. Lueke, S. B. & Svyantek, D. J. (2000). Organizational socialization in the host country: the missing link in reducing expatriate turnover. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 380-401.
33. Malhotra, N. K. (2004). Marketing research: An applied orientation. Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
34. Moore, L. F., Johns, G., & Pinder, C. C. (1980). Toward middle range theory: An overview and perspective. In C. C. Pinder & L. F. Moore (Eds.), Middle range theory and the study of organizations (pp. 1-16). Hingham: Martinus.
35. Oakes, P. J. (1987). The salience of social categories. In J. C. Turner, M. A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher & M. S. Wetherell (Eds.), Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory (pp. 117-141). Oxford: Blackwell.
36. Oakes, P. J., Turner, J. C., & Haslam, S. A. (1991). Perceiving people as group members: the role of fit in the salience of social categorizations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 125-144.
37. Oddou, G. R. (1991). Managing your expatriates: what the successful firms do. Human Resource Planning, 14, 301-309.
38. Oviatt, B. M., & McDougall, P. P. (2005). Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(1), 29-41.
39. Perlmutter, H. V. (1969). The tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation. Columbia Journal of World Business, 10(1), 9-18.
40. Perlmutter, H. V., & Heenan, D. A. (1974). How multinational should your top managers be? Harvard Business Review, 52, 121-133.
41. Portes, A., Guarnizo, L. E., & Haller, W. (2002). Transnational entrepreneurs: an alternative form of immigrant economic adaptation. American Sociological Review, 67(2), 278-298.
42. Rasmussen, J. L. (1988). Evaluating outlier identification tests: Mahalanobis D squared and Comrey Dk. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 23, 189-203.
43. Rich, P. (1992). The organizational taxonomy: definition and design. Academy of Management Review, 17, 758-782.
44. Rohm, A. J., & Swaminathan, V. (2004). A typology of online shoppers based on shopping motivations. Journal of Business Research, 57(7), 748-757.
45. Schuler, R. S., Fulkerson, J. R., & Dowling, P. J. (1991). Strategic performance measurement and management in multinational corporations. Human Resource Management, 30, 365-393.
46. Shaffer, M. A., & Harrison, D. A. (1998). Expatriates' psychological withdrawal from international assignments: work, nonwork, and family influences. Personnel Psychology, 51, 87-118.
47. Suutari, V., & Brewster, C. (2000). Making their own way: international experience through self-initiated foreign assignments. Journal of World Business, 35, 417-436.
48. Suutari, V., & Brewster, C. (2003). Repatriation: empirical evidence from a longitudinal study of careers and expectations among Finnish expatriates. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14, 1132-1152.
49. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2000). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
50. Thompson, J. L. (2002). The world of the social entrepreneur. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15, 412-433.
51. Thurstone, L. L. (1927). A law of comparative judgment. Psychological Review, 34, 273-286.
52. Trawinski, B. J., & David, H. A. (1963). Selection of the best treatment in a paired-comparison experiment. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 34, 75-91.
53. Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes (pp. 77-122). Greenwich: JAI.
54. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
55. Vance, C. M. (2002). One size fits all in expatriate pre-departure training? Comparing the host country voices of Mexican, Indonesian, and U. S. workers. Journal of Management Development, 21(7), 557-571.
56. Vance, C. M. (2005). The personal quest for building global competence: a taxonomy of self-initiating career path strategies for gaining business experience abroad. Journal of World Business, 40, 374-385.
57. Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 190-207.
58. West, G. P., Bamford, C. E., & Marsden, J. W. (2008). Contrasting entrepreneurial economic development in emerging Latin American economies: applications and extensions of resource-based theory. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 15-36.
59. Wortman, M. S. (1987). Entrepreneurship: an integrating typology and evaluation of empirical research in the field. Journal of Management, 13(2), 259-279.
60. Yeung, H. W. C. (2002). Entrepreneurship in international business: an institutional perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19, 29-61.