메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 103, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 844-857

Merging of healthy motor modules predicts reduced locomotor performance and muscle coordination complexity post-stroke

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEMIPARESIS; HUMAN; LEG MUSCLE; LOCOMOTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR COORDINATION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NEUROMODULATION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STROKE; TASK PERFORMANCE; WALKING; WALKING SPEED;

EID: 76649138271     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00825.2009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (640)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 33845866605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between step length asymmetry and walking performance in subjects with chronic hemiparesis
    • Balasubramanian CK, Bowden MG, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Relationship between step length asymmetry and walking performance in subjects with chronic hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88: 43-49, 2007.
    • (2007) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.88 , pp. 43-49
    • Balasubramanian, C.K.1    Bowden, M.G.2    Neptune, R.R.3    Kautz, S.A.4
  • 2
    • 66149132335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplified and effective motor control based on muscle synergies to exploit musculoskeletal dynamics
    • Berniker M, Jarc A, Bizzi E, Tresch MC. Simplified and effective motor control based on muscle synergies to exploit musculoskeletal dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 7601-7606, 2009.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 7601-7606
    • Berniker, M.1    Jarc, A.2    Bizzi, E.3    Tresch, M.C.4
  • 5
    • 33645080699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anterior-posterior ground reaction forces as a measure of paretic leg contribution in hemiparetic walking
    • Bowden MG, Balasubramanian CK, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Anterior-posterior ground reaction forces as a measure of paretic leg contribution in hemiparetic walking. Stroke 37: 872-876, 2006.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 872-876
    • Bowden, M.G.1    Balasubramanian, C.K.2    Neptune, R.R.3    Kautz, S.A.4
  • 6
    • 76649103881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of abnormal synergy patterns post-stroke: Relationship of clinical examination to hemiparetic locomotion
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Bowden MG, Clark DJ, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Evaluation of abnormal synergy patterns post-stroke: relationship of clinical examination to hemiparetic locomotion. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009. Epub ahead of print.
    • (2009) Neurorehabil Neural Repair
    • Bowden, M.G.1    Clark, D.J.2    Neptune, R.R.3    Kautz, S.A.4
  • 7
    • 0030935732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary motor cortex influences on the descending and ascending systems
    • Canedo A. Primary motor cortex influences on the descending and ascending systems. Prog Neurobiol 51: 287-335, 1997.
    • (1997) Prog Neurobiol , vol.51 , pp. 287-335
    • Canedo, A.1
  • 9
    • 21844435726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central and sensory contributions to the activation and organization of muscle synergies during natural motor behaviors
    • Cheung VC, d'Avella A, Tresch MC, Bizzi E. Central and sensory contributions to the activation and organization of muscle synergies during natural motor behaviors. J Neurosci 25: 6419-6434, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 6419-6434
    • Cheung, V.C.1    d'Avella, A.2    Tresch, M.C.3    Bizzi, E.4
  • 11
    • 38349046933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of abnormal lower-limb torque coupling after stroke: An isometric study
    • Cruz TH, Dhaher YY. Evidence of abnormal lower-limb torque coupling after stroke: an isometric study. Stroke 39: 139-147, 2008.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 139-147
    • Cruz, T.H.1    Dhaher, Y.Y.2
  • 12
    • 61449255931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural control during upper body locomotor-like movements: Similar synergies based on dissimilar muscle modes
    • Danna-Dos-Santos A, Shapkova EY, Shapkova AL, Degani AM, Latash ML. Postural control during upper body locomotor-like movements: similar synergies based on dissimilar muscle modes. Exp Brain Res 193: 565-579, 2009.
    • (2009) Exp Brain Res , vol.193 , pp. 565-579
    • Danna-Dos-Santos, A.1    Shapkova, E.Y.2    Shapkova, A.L.3    Degani, A.M.4    Latash, M.L.5
  • 13
    • 0027220060 scopus 로고
    • Phasic behavior of EMG signals during gait: Use of multivariate statistics
    • Davis BL, Vaughan CL. Phasic behavior of EMG signals during gait: use of multivariate statistics. J EMG Kinesiol 3: 51-60, 1993.
    • (1993) J EMG Kinesiol , vol.3 , pp. 51-60
    • Davis, B.L.1    Vaughan, C.L.2
  • 14
    • 30744461126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gait recovery is not associated with changes in the temporal patterning of muscle activity during treadmill walking in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis
    • Den Otter AR, Geurts AC, Mulder T, Duysens J. Gait recovery is not associated with changes in the temporal patterning of muscle activity during treadmill walking in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis. Clin Neurophysiol 117: 4-15, 2006.
    • (2006) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.117 , pp. 4-15
    • Den Otter, A.R.1    Geurts, A.C.2    Mulder, T.3    Duysens, J.4
  • 16
    • 0035139910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal joint torque patterns in the paretic upper limb of subjects with hemiparesis
    • Dewald JP, Beer RF. Abnormal joint torque patterns in the paretic upper limb of subjects with hemiparesis. Muscle Nerve 24: 273-283, 2001.
    • (2001) Muscle Nerve , vol.24 , pp. 273-283
    • Dewald, J.P.1    Beer, R.F.2
  • 17
    • 0042847375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord pattern generators for locomotion
    • Dietz V. Spinal cord pattern generators for locomotion. Clin Neurophysiol 114: 1379-1389, 2003.
    • (2003) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.114 , pp. 1379-1389
    • Dietz, V.1
  • 18
    • 58149461167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission in heteronymous spinal pathways is modified post-stroke and related to motor incoordination
    • Dyer JO, Maupas E, de Andrade Melo S, Bourbonnais D, Fleury J, Forget R. Transmission in heteronymous spinal pathways is modified post-stroke and related to motor incoordination. PLoS One 4: e4123, 2009.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Dyer, J.O.1    Maupas, E.2    de Andrade Melo, S.3    Bourbonnais, D.4    Fleury, J.5    Forget, R.6
  • 19
    • 45849142910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stretch reflex coupling between the hip and knee: Implications for impaired gait following stroke
    • Finley JM, Perreault EJ, Dhaher YY. Stretch reflex coupling between the hip and knee: implications for impaired gait following stroke. Exp Brain Res 188: 529-540, 2008.
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.188 , pp. 529-540
    • Finley, J.M.1    Perreault, E.J.2    Dhaher, Y.Y.3
  • 21
    • 0016810564 scopus 로고
    • The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. I. A method for evaluation of physical performance
    • Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaasko L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. I. A method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med 7: 13-31, 1975.
    • (1975) Scand J Rehabil Med , vol.7 , pp. 13-31
    • Fugl-Meyer, A.R.1    Jaasko, L.2    Leyman, I.3    Olsson, S.4    Steglind, S.5
  • 22
    • 0024386585 scopus 로고
    • A dynamic EMG profile index to quantify muscular activation disorder in spastic paretic gait
    • Fung J, Barbeau H. A dynamic EMG profile index to quantify muscular activation disorder in spastic paretic gait. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 73: 233-244, 1989.
    • (1989) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 233-244
    • Fung, J.1    Barbeau, H.2
  • 23
    • 65949090926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ankle load modulates hip kinetics and EMG during human locomotion
    • Gordon KE, Wu M, Kahn JH, Dhaher YY, Schmit BD. Ankle load modulates hip kinetics and EMG during human locomotion. J Neurophysiol 101: 2062-2076, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.101 , pp. 2062-2076
    • Gordon, K.E.1    Wu, M.2    Kahn, J.H.3    Dhaher, Y.Y.4    Schmit, B.D.5
  • 24
    • 0031739139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle activation patterns during two types of voluntary single-joint movement
    • Gottlieb GL. Muscle activation patterns during two types of voluntary single-joint movement. J Neurophysiol 80: 1860-1867, 1998.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.80 , pp. 1860-1867
    • Gottlieb, G.L.1
  • 25
    • 0029887631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of hind limb flexor muscle afferents to the timing of phase transitions in the cat step cycle
    • Hiebert GW, Whelan PJ, Prochazka A, Pearson KG. Contribution of hind limb flexor muscle afferents to the timing of phase transitions in the cat step cycle. J Neurophysiol 75: 1126-1137, 1996.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.75 , pp. 1126-1137
    • Hiebert, G.W.1    Whelan, P.J.2    Prochazka, A.3    Pearson, K.G.4
  • 29
    • 1942421758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five basic muscle activation patterns account for muscle activity during human locomotion
    • Ivanenko YP, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F. Five basic muscle activation patterns account for muscle activity during human locomotion. J Physiol 556: 267-282, 2004.
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.556 , pp. 267-282
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Poppele, R.E.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 31
    • 57649222299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capacity to increase walking speed is limited by impaired hip and ankle power generation in lower functioning persons post-stroke
    • Jonkers I, Delp S, Patten C. Capacity to increase walking speed is limited by impaired hip and ankle power generation in lower functioning persons post-stroke. Gait Posture 29: 129-137, 2009.
    • (2009) Gait Posture , vol.29 , pp. 129-137
    • Jonkers, I.1    Delp, S.2    Patten, C.3
  • 32
    • 0034017652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afferent roles in hindlimb wipe-reflex trajectories: Free-limb kinematics and motor patterns
    • Kargo WJ, Giszter SF. Afferent roles in hindlimb wipe-reflex trajectories: free-limb kinematics and motor patterns. J Neurophysiol 83: 1480-1501, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 1480-1501
    • Kargo, W.J.1    Giszter, S.F.2
  • 33
    • 40449124358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual premotor drive pulses, not time-varying synergies, are the units of adjustment for limb trajectories constructed in spinal cord
    • Kargo WJ, Giszter SF. Individual premotor drive pulses, not time-varying synergies, are the units of adjustment for limb trajectories constructed in spinal cord. J Neurosci 28: 2409-2425, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 2409-2425
    • Kargo, W.J.1    Giszter, S.F.2
  • 34
    • 0018357351 scopus 로고
    • Different types of disturbed motor control in gait of hemiparetic patients
    • Knutsson E, Richards C. Different types of disturbed motor control in gait of hemiparetic patients. Brain 102: 405-430, 1979.
    • (1979) Brain , vol.102 , pp. 405-430
    • Knutsson, E.1    Richards, C.2
  • 35
    • 0141786936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle synergies during shifts of the center of pressure by standing persons
    • Krishnamoorthy V, Latash ML, Scholz JP, Zatsiorsky VM. Muscle synergies during shifts of the center of pressure by standing persons. Exp Brain Res 152: 281-292, 2003.
    • (2003) Exp Brain Res , vol.152 , pp. 281-292
    • Krishnamoorthy, V.1    Latash, M.L.2    Scholz, J.P.3    Zatsiorsky, V.M.4
  • 36
    • 33749523595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential activation of muscle synergies during locomotion in the intact cat as revealed by cluster analysis and direct decomposition
    • Krouchev N, Kalaska JF, Drew T. Sequential activation of muscle synergies during locomotion in the intact cat as revealed by cluster analysis and direct decomposition. J Neurophysiol 96: 1991-2010, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , pp. 1991-2010
    • Krouchev, N.1    Kalaska, J.F.2    Drew, T.3
  • 38
    • 0033592606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization
    • Lee DD, Seung HS. Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization. Nature 401: 788-791, 1999.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 788-791
    • Lee, D.D.1    Seung, H.S.2
  • 39
    • 46149116992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Descending pathways in motor control
    • Lemon RN. Descending pathways in motor control. Annu Rev Neurosci 31: 195-218, 2008.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 195-218
    • Lemon, R.N.1
  • 40
    • 33845299828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hip joint position modulates volitional knee extensor muscle activity after stroke
    • Lewek MD, Schmit BD, Hornby TG, Dhaher YY. Hip joint position modulates volitional knee extensor muscle activity after stroke. Muscle Nerve 34: 767-774, 2006.
    • (2006) Muscle Nerve , vol.34 , pp. 767-774
    • Lewek, M.D.1    Schmit, B.D.2    Hornby, T.G.3    Dhaher, Y.Y.4
  • 41
    • 0037311358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for strength imbalances as a significant contributor to abnormal synergies in hemiparetic subjects
    • Lum PS, Burgar CG, Shor PC. Evidence for strength imbalances as a significant contributor to abnormal synergies in hemiparetic subjects. Muscle Nerve 27: 211-221, 2003.
    • (2003) Muscle Nerve , vol.27 , pp. 211-221
    • Lum, P.S.1    Burgar, C.G.2    Shor, P.C.3
  • 42
    • 36749003752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation
    • McCrea DA, Rybak IA. Organization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation. Brain Res Rev 57: 134-146, 2008.
    • (2008) Brain Res Rev , vol.57 , pp. 134-146
    • McCrea, D.A.1    Rybak, I.A.2
  • 43
    • 64549114539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of leg muscle function in response to altered demand for body support and forward propulsion during walking
    • McGowan CP, Kram R, Neptune RR. Modulation of leg muscle function in response to altered demand for body support and forward propulsion during walking. J Biomech 42: 850-856, 2009.
    • (2009) J Biomech , vol.42 , pp. 850-856
    • McGowan, C.P.1    Kram, R.2    Neptune, R.R.3
  • 44
    • 38149008821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional muscle synergies constrain force production during postural tasks
    • McKay JL, Ting LH. Functional muscle synergies constrain force production during postural tasks. J Biomech 41: 299-306, 2008.
    • (2008) J Biomech , vol.41 , pp. 299-306
    • McKay, J.L.1    Ting, L.H.2
  • 45
    • 0032145167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using factor analysis to identify neuromuscular synergies during treadmill walking
    • Merkle LA, Layne CS, Bloomberg JJ, Zhang JJ. Using factor analysis to identify neuromuscular synergies during treadmill walking. J Neurosci Methods 82: 207-214, 1998.
    • (1998) J Neurosci Methods , vol.82 , pp. 207-214
    • Merkle, L.A.1    Layne, C.S.2    Bloomberg, J.J.3    Zhang, J.J.4
  • 46
    • 0038646956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of cluster analysis for gait pattern classification of patients in the early and late recovery phases following stroke
    • Mulroy S, Gronley J, Weiss W, Newsam C, Perry J. Use of cluster analysis for gait pattern classification of patients in the early and late recovery phases following stroke. Gait Posture 18: 114-125, 2003.
    • (2003) Gait Posture , vol.18 , pp. 114-125
    • Mulroy, S.1    Gronley, J.2    Weiss, W.3    Newsam, C.4    Perry, J.5
  • 47
    • 67349250496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modular control of human walking: A simulation study
    • Neptune RR, Clark DJ, Kautz SA. Modular control of human walking: a simulation study. J Biomech 42: 1282-1287, 2009.
    • (2009) J Biomech , vol.42 , pp. 1282-1287
    • Neptune, R.R.1    Clark, D.J.2    Kautz, S.A.3
  • 48
    • 0033987048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle contributions to specific biomechanical functions do not change in forward versus backward pedaling
    • Neptune RR, Kautz SA, Zajac FE. Muscle contributions to specific biomechanical functions do not change in forward versus backward pedaling. J Biomech 33: 155-164, 2000.
    • (2000) J Biomech , vol.33 , pp. 155-164
    • Neptune, R.R.1    Kautz, S.A.2    Zajac, F.E.3
  • 49
    • 0034786503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking
    • Neptune RR, Kautz SA, Zajac FE. Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking. J Biomech 34: 1387-1398, 2001.
    • (2001) J Biomech , vol.34 , pp. 1387-1398
    • Neptune, R.R.1    Kautz, S.A.2    Zajac, F.E.3
  • 50
    • 1542328201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle force redistributes segmental power for body progression during walking
    • Neptune RR, Zajac FE, Kautz SA. Muscle force redistributes segmental power for body progression during walking. Gait Posture 19: 194-205, 2004.
    • (2004) Gait Posture , vol.19 , pp. 194-205
    • Neptune, R.R.1    Zajac, F.E.2    Kautz, S.A.3
  • 51
    • 0142090091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional and temporal regulation of limb mechanics by spinal circuits
    • edited by Latash ML. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
    • Nichols TR, Wilmink RJ, Burkholder TJ. Multidimensional and temporal regulation of limb mechanics by spinal circuits. In: Progress in Motor Control, edited by Latash ML. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2002, p. 179-194.
    • (2002) Progress in Motor Control , pp. 179-194
    • Nichols, T.R.1    Wilmink, R.J.2    Burkholder, T.J.3
  • 53
    • 0029391612 scopus 로고
    • Fundamental patterns of bilateral muscle activity in human locomotion
    • Olree KS, Vaughan CL. Fundamental patterns of bilateral muscle activity in human locomotion. Biol Cybern 73: 409-414, 1995.
    • (1995) Biol Cybern , vol.73 , pp. 409-414
    • Olree, K.S.1    Vaughan, C.L.2
  • 55
    • 0029041686 scopus 로고
    • Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population
    • Perry J, Garrett M, Gronley JK, Mulroy SJ. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke 26: 982-989, 1995.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 982-989
    • Perry, J.1    Garrett, M.2    Gronley, J.K.3    Mulroy, S.J.4
  • 57
    • 0032536754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical facilitation of cutaneous reflexes in leg muscles during human gait
    • Pijnappels M, Van Wezel BM, Colombo G, Dietz V, Duysens J. Cortical facilitation of cutaneous reflexes in leg muscles during human gait. Brain Res 787: 149-153, 1998.
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.787 , pp. 149-153
    • Pijnappels, M.1    Van Wezel, B.M.2    Colombo, G.3    Dietz, V.4    Duysens, J.5
  • 58
    • 0032769274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor strategy for pedaling: Muscle groups and biomechanical functions
    • Raasch CC, Zajac FE. Locomotor strategy for pedaling: muscle groups and biomechanical functions. J Neurophysiol 82: 515-525, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.82 , pp. 515-525
    • Raasch, C.C.1    Zajac, F.E.2
  • 59
    • 0033027678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase reversal of biomechanical functions and muscle activity in backward pedaling
    • Ting LH, Kautz SA, Brown DA, Zajac FE. Phase reversal of biomechanical functions and muscle activity in backward pedaling. J Neurophysiol 81: 544-551, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 544-551
    • Ting, L.H.1    Kautz, S.A.2    Brown, D.A.3    Zajac, F.E.4
  • 60
    • 14544271634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A limited set of muscle synergies for force control during a postural task
    • Ting LH, Macpherson JM. A limited set of muscle synergies for force control during a postural task. J Neurophysiol 93: 609-613, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 609-613
    • Ting, L.H.1    Macpherson, J.M.2
  • 61
    • 40849087731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromechanics of muscle synergies for posture and movement
    • Ting LH, McKay JL. Neuromechanics of muscle synergies for posture and movement. Curr Opin Neurobiol 17: 622-628, 2007.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.17 , pp. 622-628
    • Ting, L.H.1    McKay, J.L.2
  • 62
    • 33748527165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle synergy organization is robust across a variety of postural perturbations
    • Torres-Oviedo G, Macpherson JM, Ting LH. Muscle synergy organization is robust across a variety of postural perturbations. J Neurophysiol 96: 1530-1546, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , pp. 1530-1546
    • Torres-Oviedo, G.1    Macpherson, J.M.2    Ting, L.H.3
  • 63
    • 35348895591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle synergies characterizing human postural responses
    • Torres-Oviedo G, Ting LH. Muscle synergies characterizing human postural responses. J Neurophysiol 98: 2144-2156, 2007.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.98 , pp. 2144-2156
    • Torres-Oviedo, G.1    Ting, L.H.2
  • 64
    • 0033365630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The construction of movement by the spinal cord
    • Tresch MC, Saltiel P, Bizzi E. The construction of movement by the spinal cord. Nat Neurosci 2: 162-167, 1999.
    • (1999) Nat Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 162-167
    • Tresch, M.C.1    Saltiel, P.2    Bizzi, E.3
  • 65
    • 61849162298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered multijoint reflex coordination is indicative of motor impairment level following stroke
    • Vancouver, BC
    • Trumbower RD, Ravichandran VJ, Krutky MA, Perreault EJ. Altered multijoint reflex coordination is indicative of motor impairment level following stroke. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc Vancouver, BC, 2008, p. 3558-3561.
    • (2008) Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc , pp. 3558-3561
    • Trumbower, R.D.1    Ravichandran, V.J.2    Krutky, M.A.3    Perreault, E.J.4
  • 66
    • 0023230052 scopus 로고
    • EMG profiles during normal human walking: Strideto-stride and inter-subject variability
    • Winter DA, Yack HJ. EMG profiles during normal human walking: strideto-stride and inter-subject variability. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 67: 402-411, 1987.
    • (1987) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.67 , pp. 402-411
    • Winter, D.A.1    Yack, H.J.2
  • 67
    • 0025405436 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic electromyography. I. Numerical representation using principal component analysis
    • Wootten ME, Kadaba MP, Cochran GV. Dynamic electromyography. I. Numerical representation using principal component analysis. J Orthop Res 8: 247-258, 1990.
    • (1990) J Orthop Res , vol.8 , pp. 247-258
    • Wootten, M.E.1    Kadaba, M.P.2    Cochran, G.V.3
  • 68
    • 0037304228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking. II. Lessons from dynamical simulations and clinical implications
    • Zajac FE, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking. II. Lessons from dynamical simulations and clinical implications. Gait Posture 17: 1-17, 2003.
    • (2003) Gait Posture , vol.17 , pp. 1-17
    • Zajac, F.E.1    Neptune, R.R.2    Kautz, S.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.