The mesmerists inquire about "oriental mind powers": West meets east in the search for the universal trance

Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-26

  Schmit, David T ^a  

^a ST CATHERINE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ARTICLE; ASIAN; BRAIN; HISTORY; HUMAN; HYPNOSIS; MEDITATION; NEUROSCIENCE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHYSIOLOGY;

ASIAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; BRAIN; HISTORY, 18TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; HYPNOSIS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MEDITATION; MIND-BODY RELATIONS (METAPHYSICS); NEUROSCIENCES;

EID: 76349100545     PISSN: 00225061     EISSN: 15206696     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.20393     Document Type: Article

References (187)

1. Adams, S. (1839). Psycho-physiology, viewed in its connection with the mysteries of animal magnetism and other kindred phenomena. American Biblical Repository I (2nd ser.), 362-382.
2. Albanese, C. L. (2007). A republic of mind and spirit. New Haven: Yale University Press.
3. Alexander, K. (1992). Roots of the new age. In J. R. Lewis & J. G. Melton (Eds.), Perspectives on the new age (pp. 30-47). Albany: State University of New York Press.
4. Allen, G. W. (1981). Ralph Waldo Emerson: A biography. New York: Viking Press.
5. Anderson, W. A. (1983). The upstart spring: Esalen and the American awakening. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
6. Angoff, A. (1968). Hypnotism in the United States: 1800-1900. In E. J. Dingwall (Ed.), Abnormal hypnotic phenomena: A survey of nineteenth-century cases, Vol. 4 (pp. 2-78). London: J. & A. Churchill.
7. Asiatic Researches: Comprising history and antiquities, the arts, sciences, and literature of Asia. (1979 [1788]). New Delhi: Cosmo Publications.
8. Austen, J. H. (2006). Zen-brain reflections. Cumberland, RI: MIT Press.
9. Bagnold, M. E. (1848, October). Mesmerism in India forty years ago. Zoist, 6, 250-263.
10. Barnes, L. L. (2005). Needles, herbs, gods and ghosts: China healing and the West to 1848. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
11. Barrows, J. H. (1893). The world's parliament of religion. Chicago: Parliament Publishing.
12. Batchelor, S. (1994). The awakening of the West: The encounter of Buddhism with Western culture. Berkeley: Parallax Press.
13. Battia, S. (2002). Orientalism in Euro-American and Indian psychology: Historical representations of "natives" in colonial and post-colonial contexts. History of Psychology, 5, 376-398.
14. Begley, S. (2007). Train your mind, change your brain: How a new science reveals our extraordinary potential to transform ourselves. New York: Ballantine.
15. Bell, J. (1792). Animal electricity and magnetism demonstrated, By The laws of nature, with new ideas upon matter and motion. Lancaster, PA: J. Bailey and W. Dickson.
16. Benahan, K. (1937). Yoga as a scientific study. New Haven: Yale University Press.
17. Benson, H. (1975) The relaxation response. New York: William Morrow & Co.
18. Berloff, B. (1997). Parapsychology: A concise history. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
19. Block, M. (1932). The new church in the new world: A study of Swedenborgianism in America. New York: H. Holt
20. Bode, C. (1954). American lyceum: Town meeting of the mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
21. Boyce, B. (2005, September). Two sciences of mind. Shambala Sun, 13, 34-43.
22. Braden, C. (1963). Spirits in rebellion: The rise and development of new thought. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press.
23. Braid, J. (1843). Neurpynology or the rationale of nervous sleep considered in relation with animal magnetism. London: John Churchill.
24. Braude, A. (1989). Radical spirits: Spiritualism and women's rights in nineteenth-century America. Boston: Beacon Press.
25. Breckenridge, C., & van der Veer, P. (Eds.). (1993). Introduction. Orientalism and the postcolonial predicament: Perspectives on South Asia. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
26. Burke, M. L. (1973). Swami Vivekananda: His second visit to the West. Calcutta: Advaita Ashram.
27. Burke, M. L. (1987). Swami Vivekananda in America: New discoveries. Calcutta: Advaita Ashram.
28. Burton, R. F. (1852, July). Remarks upon a form of sub-mesmerism, popularly called electro-biology, now practiced in Scinde and other Eastern countries. Communicated by Dr. Elliotson. Zoist, 10, 177-181.
29. Cambry, J. (1784). Traces du magnétisme. Collection Magnetique, Vol. 2. Paris: A La Haye.
30. Caplan, E. (1998). Mind games; American culture and the birth of psychotherapy. Berkeley: University of California Press.
31. Cappan, L. J. (1988). The Adams-Jefferson letters. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
32. Carpenter, F. I. (1930). Emerson and Asia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
33. Carroll, B. E. (1997). Spiritualism in antebellum culture. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.
34. Chakrabarty, D. (1992). Postcoloniality and the artifice of history: Who speaks for Indian pasts? Representations, 37, 1-26.
35. Chandler, T. (1851, October). A mesmeric scene a thousand years ago. Zoist, 9, 225-237.
36. Christy, A. (1963). The Orient in American Transcendentalism: A study of Emerson, Thoreau, and Alcott. New York: Octagon.
37. Clarke, J. J. (1997). Oriental enlightenment: The encounter between Asian and Western thought. New York: Routledge.
38. Coale, S. (1998). Mesmerism and Hawthorne: Mediums of American romance. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
39. Collyer, R. H. (1842, July). History of magnetism. Mesmeric Magazine, 1, 3-6.
40. Collyer, R. H. (1843). Psychography, or the embodiment of thought. Philadelphia: Zeiber.
41. Colquhoun, J. C. (1836). Isis revelata: An inquiry into the origin, progress and present state of animal magnetism, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Maclachlan and Stewart.
42. Conway, M. D. (1906). My pilgrimage to the wise men of the East. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin.
43. Crabtree, A. (1993). From Mesmer to Freud: Magnetic sleep and the roots of psychological healing. New Haven: Yale University Press.
44. Cumpston, I. M. (1953). Indians overseas in British territories, 1834-1854. London: Oxford University Press.
45. Cushman, P. (1992). Psychotherapy to 1992: A historically situated interpretation. In D. K. Friedman (Ed.). History of psychotherapy: A century of change (pp. 21-64). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
46. D., L. L. (1845, July). Allusions to mesmerism in the classics. Zoist, 3, 156-173
47. Dass, B. R. (1971). Be here now. Cristobal, NM: The Lama Foundation.
48. Davidson, Lt. Col. (1851, April). Illustrations of mesmerism in the native human and brute inhabitants of India. Zoist, 9, 1-10.
49. Davidson, R. J., & Harrington, A. (2001). Visions of compassion: Western scientists and Tibetan Buddhists examine human nature. New York: Oxford University Press.
50. Davis, A. J. (1847). The principles of nature and her divine revelations. Boston: Colby & Rich.
51. Dingfelder, S. F. (2003, December). Tibetan Buddhism and research psychology: A match made in Nirvana? Monitor on Psychology, 34, 46-48.
52. Dods, J. B. (1850). The philosophy of electrical psychology in a course of twelve lectures. New York: Fowlers and Wells.
53. Drake, D. (1842). Two evenings experiments on mesmerism. The Western Journal, 6, 71-79.
54. Drake, D. (1844). Speculations on the facts presented in the analytical report on mesmeric somniloquism, published in the last number of this journal. Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 1, 285-313.
55. Dresser, J. A. (1899). True history of mental science. Boston: Geo Ellis.
56. Durant, C. F. (1837). Exposition or a new theory of animal magnetism with a key to the mysteries. New York: Wiley & Putnam.
57. Ellenberger, H. (1970). The discovery of the unconscious: The history and evolution of dynamic psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
58. Ellwood, R. (1983). How new is the new age? In J. R. Lewis & J. G. Melton (Eds.), Perspectives on the new age (pp. 59-67). Albany: State University of New York Press.
59. Ellwood, R. S., Jr. (1979). Alternative altars: Unconventional and Eastern spirituality in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
60. Emerson, R. W. (n.d.) Representative men. Chicago: Donahue, Henneberry.
61. Ennemoser, J. (1894). History of magic, 2 vols. (W. Howitt, Trans.). London: Henry G. Bohn.
62. Ernst, W. (1995). "Under the influence" in British India in James Esdaile's mesmeric hospital in Calcutta and its critics. Psychological Medicine, 25, 1113-1123.
63. Ernst, W. (2004). Colonial psychiatry, magic and religion: The case of mesmerism in British India. History of Psychiatry, 15, 57-71.
64. Esdaile, J. (1846). Mesmerism in India. London: Longman, Brown, Green, & Longman.
65. Evans, W. F. (1869). The mental cure, illustrating the influence of the mind on the body, both in health and disease and the psychological method of treatment. Boston: H. H. & T. W. Carter.
66. Fields, D. F. (2006, February/March). Meditations on the brain. Scientific American, 17, 42-43.
67. Fields, R. (1992). How the swan came to the lake: A narrative history of Buddhism in America. Boston: Shambala
68. Fishbough, W. (1851a, January). Animal magnetism. American Phrenological Journal, 13, 9
69. Fishbough, W. (1851b, January). Psychology. American Phrenological Journal, 13, 9
70. Fishbough, W. (1853a, July). Soul power. American Phrenological Journal, 18, 11-12.
71. Fishbough, W. (1853b, August). Psychological mysteries of the Hindoos. American Phrenological Journal, 18, 32-33
72. Fishbough, W. (1854). Psychological aids to invention. American Phrenological Journal, 19, 57
73. Fisher, M. H. (1997). The travels of Dean Mahomet: An eighteenth century journey through India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
74. Fuller, R. C. (1982). Mesmerism and the American cure of souls. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
75. Fuller, R. C. (1987a). Mesmerism and the birth of psychology. In A. Wrobel (Ed.), Pseudo-science and society in nineteenth-century America (pp. 205-222). Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
76. Fuller, R. C. (1987b). Alternative medicine and American religious life. New York: Oxford University Press
77. Gauld, A. (1992). A history of hypnotism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
78. Gelb, S. A. (1986). Henry H. Goddard and the immigrants, 1910-1917: The studies in their social context. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 22, 324-332.
79. Gevitz, N. (1982). The D.O.s: Osteopathic medicine in America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
80. Gielow, V. (1981). Old dad chiro: Biography of D. D. Palmer, founder of chiropractic. Davenport, IA: Bawden Brothers.
81. Gould, S. J. (1996). The mismeasure of man. New York: Norton.
82. Gravois, J. (2005, Oct.). Meditate on it. Chronicle of Higher Education, 21, A10-A12.
83. Green, E., & Green, A. (1977). Beyond biofeedback. San Francisco: Delacorte/Robert Briggs.
84. Haddock, J. (1849). Psychology or the science of the soul, considered physiologically and philosophically. New York: Fowlers and Wells.
85. Hadfield, A. (2001). Amazons, savages, and machiavels: Travel and colonial writing in English, 1550-1630: An anthology. New York: Oxford University Press.
86. Halbfass, W. (1988). India and Europe: An essay in understanding. Albany: State University of New York Press.
87. Hall, R. (1845, March). Assumed antiquity of mesmerism. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 32, 132-135).
88. Hall, S. S. (2003, September 14). Is Buddhism good for your health? New York Times Magazine, 46-49.
89. Haller, J. S. (1994). Medical Protestants: The eclectics in American medicine, 1825-1939. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
90. Hansen-Taylor, M., & Scudder, H. E. (1885). Life and letters of Bayard Taylor, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
91. Harrington, A. (2008). The cure within: A history of mind-body medicine. New York: W. W. Norton
92. Hoffman, E. (1988). The right to be human: A biography of Abraham Maslow. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher
93. Houshmand, Z., Livingston, R. B., & Wallace, A. B. (Eds.). (1999). Introduction. Consciousness at the crossroads: Conversations with the Dalai Lama on brain science and Buddhism. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications
94. Huard, P. (1978). Mesmer en Chine: Trois letters médicales du R. P. Amiot, rédigrées a Pékin. Revue de Synthesè, 1, 61-98.
95. Jackson, C. T. (1981). The Oriental religions and American thought: Nineteenth-century explorations. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
96. Jackson, C. T. (1994). Vedanta for the West: The Ramakrishna movement in the United States. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
97. Jackson, J. W. (1855a, July). Extatics of genius, Zoist, 13, 149-156.
98. Jackson, J. W. (1855b, October). Extatics of genius, Zoist, 13, 257-268.
99. Jackson, J. W. (1856, January). Extatics of genius, Zoist, 13, 351-391.
100. James, W. (1958). The varieties of religious experience. New York: American Library.
101. Jarrel, H. R. (1985). International meditation bibliography: 1950-1982. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow.
102. Johnston, A. (2003). Missionary writing and empire, 1800-1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
103. Jones, H. (1846). Mesmerism examined and repudiated as "the sin of witchcraft," etc. Especially in its mysteries of clairvoyance. New York: J. S. Redfield.
104. Jones, W. (1993). The collected works of Sir William Jones, Vol. 3. New York: New York University Press.
105. Kaiwar, V., & Mazumdar, S. (Eds.). (2003). Introduction. Antinomies of modernity: Essays on race, Orient, nation (pp. 1-12). Durham: Duke University Press.
106. Kaplan, F. (1975). Dickens and mesmerism: The hidden springs of fiction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
107. King, J. (1842, July). Extract from a letter of the Count of Mellet, marshall of the camp, to the Marquis of Puységur, Paris, Oct. 8, 1787. Magnetism among the Chinese. (John King, Trans.). The Magnet, 1, 29-31
108. King, J. (1837). Introduction. In M. Puységur, An essay of instruction on animal magnetism (John King, Trans.). New York: J. C. Kelley.
109. Knopf, D. (1969). British Orientalism and the Bengali renaissance. Berkeley: University of California Press.
110. Lach, D. F., & Foss, T. N. (1990). Images of Asia and Asians in European fiction, 1500-1800. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
111. Larsen, R., Larsen, S., Lawrence, J. F., & Woofender, W. R. (1979). Emanuel Swedenborg: A continuing vision. West Chester, PA: The Swedenborg Foundation.
112. Leask, N. (1992). British Romantic writers and the East: Anxieties of empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
113. Leger, T. (1846). Animal magnetism, or psycodunamy. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
114. Letter by Dr. Mouat. (1848). In Record of cases treated in the mesmeric hospital from November 1846 to May 1847 with reports of the official visitors, 1847. Calcutta: Military Orphan Press.
115. Lloyd, W. W. (1847, October). Magnetism and mesmerism in antiquity. Zoist, 5, 273-285.
116. Lowe, L. (1991). Critical terrains: French and British Orientalisms. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
117. MacHovec, F. J. (1975, April). Hypnosis before Mesmer. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 17, 215-220.
118. Mackay, C. (1852). Memoirs of extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of crowds, Vol. 1. London: Office of the National Illustrated Library.
119. Mackenzie, J. M. (1995). Orientalism: History, theory and the arts. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
120. Maffly-Kipp, L. (1997). Eastward ho! American religion from the perspective of the Pacific rim. In T. A. Tweed, (Ed.), Retelling U.S. religious history (pp. 127-148). Berkeley: University of California Press.
121. Maslow, A. H. (1972). Religions, values, and peak experience. New York: Viking.
122. Mazumdar, S. (2003). The politics of religion and national origin: Rediscovering Hindu national identity in the United States. In V. Kaiwar & S. Mazumdar (Eds.), Antinomies of modernity: Essays on race, orient, nation (pp. 223-260). Durham: Duke University Press.
123. McGetchin, D. T. (2003, October). Wilting florists: The turbulent early decades of the Société Asiatique, 1822-1860. Journal of the History of Ideas, 64, 565-580.
124. Mills, B. (2006). Poe, Fuller, and the mesmeric arts: Transition states in the American renaissance. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
125. Mitchell, J. K. (1859). An essay upon animal magnetism or vital induction. In S. W. Mitchell (Ed.), Five essays (pp. 147-274). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co.
126. Monro, R., Gosh, A. K., & Kailash, D. (1989). Yoga research bibliography: Scientific studies on yoga and meditation. Cambridge: Yoga Biomedical Trust.
127. Murphy, M., & Donovan, S. (1999). The physical and psychological effects of meditation: A review of contemporary research with a comprehensive bibliography, 1931-1996, 2nd ed. Sausalito, CA: Institute of Noetic Sciences.
128. Neilan, W. (1855, April). An account of native mesmerism in India, by a resident. Zoist, 13, 36-45.
129. Pattie, F. A. (1994). Mesmer and animal magnetism: A chapter in the history of medicine. Hamilton, NY: Edmonston
130. Peebles, J. M. (1875). Around the world: Or, travels in Polynesia, China, India, Arabia, Egypt, Syria, and other heathen countries. Boston: Colby & Rich.
131. Peel, R. (1966). Mary Baker Eddy: The years of discovery. Chicago: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.
132. Podmore, F. (1902). Modern spiritualism; A history and criticism, Vol. 1. London: Methuen & Co.
133. Podmore, F. (1909). Mesmerism and Christian Science: A short history of mental healing. London: Methuen & Co
134. Powers, G. (1828). Essay upon the influence of the imagination on the nervous system, contributing to a false hope of religion. Andover, MA: Flagg & Gould.
135. Poyen, C. (1837). Progress of animal magnetism in New England. Boston: Weeks, Jordan.
136. Prakash, G. (1992, Autumn). Science "gone native" in colonial India. Representations, 40, 153-178.
137. Prakash, G. (1999). Another reason: Science and the imagination of modern India. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
138. Pratt, M. L. (1992). Imperial eyes; Travel writing and transculturation. New York: Routledge.
139. Preistley, J. (1972 [1799]). A comparison of the institutions of Moses and those of the Hindoos and other ancient nations, Vol. 17. New York: Kraus Reprint Co.
140. Puységur, M. d. (1837). An essay of instruction on animal magnetism (John King, Trans.). New York: J. C. Kelley
141. Quen, J. M. (1975). Case studies in nineteenth century scientific rejection: Mesmerism, perkinism, and acupuncture. Journal of the History of the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 11, 149-156.
142. Reed, E. S. (1997). From soul to mind: The emergence of psychology from Erasmus Darwin to William James. New Haven: Yale University Press.
143. Reese, D. M. (1837). Humbugs of New York. New York: John S. Taylor, Brick-Church Chapel.
144. Rocher, R. (1993). British Orientalism in the eighteenth century: The dialectics of knowledge and government. In C. Breckenridge & P. van der Veer (Eds.), Orientalism and the postcolonial predicament: Perspectives on South Asia (pp. 215-249). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
145. Rosler, F. (2005). From single-channel recordings to brain-mapping devices: The impact of electroencephalography on experimental psychology. History of Psychology, 8, 95-117.
146. Roszak, T. (1969). The making of a counter culture. New York: Anchor.
147. Rubies, J.-P. (2000). Travel and ethnology in the renaissance: South India through European eyes, 1250-1625. New York: Cambridge University Press.
148. Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Vintage.
149. Sandby, G. (1848). Mesmerism and its opponents, 2nd ed. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans.
150. Schmit, D. (2005). Re-visioning antebellum American psychology: The dissemination of mesmerism, 1836-1854. History of Psychology, 8, 403-434.
151. Schwab, R. (1984). The Oriental renaissance: Europe's rediscovery of India and the East 1680-1880 (Gene Patterson-Black & Victor Reinking, Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press.
152. Schwarz, T. (1996). What really matters: Searching for wisdom in America. New York: Bantam.
153. Seager, R. H. (1994). The World Parliament of Religions: The East-West encounter, Chicago, 1893. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
154. Smolnikar, A. B. (1851). Lecture on the dreadful abuse of human magnetism, (improperly called mesmerism.) in the mysteries of the Roman Church and her daughter. Salem, MA: n.p.
155. Snyderman, M., & Herrnstein, R. J. (1983, September). Intelligence tests and the Immigration Act of 1924. American Psychologist, 38, 986-995.
156. Sokal, M., Davis, A. B., & Merzbach, U. C. (1976). Laboratory instruments in the history of psychology. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 12, 59-64.
157. Stein, J. (2003, August 4). Just say Om. Time, 162, 48-56.
158. Stein, W. B. (1967). Two Brahman sources of Emerson and Thoreau. Gainesville, FL: Scholar's Facismiles & Reprints.
159. Stevens, J. (1987). Storming heaven: LSD and the American dream. New York: Grove Press.
160. Storlie, E. (1996). Nothing on my mind: Berkeley, LSD, Zen masters, and a life on the dharma trail. Boston: Shambala.
161. Sturm, T., & Ash, M. G. (2005). Roles of instruments in psychological research. History of Psychology, 8, 3-34
162. Sunderland, L. (1842, June). Phreno-magnetic discoveries. The Magnet, 1, 7-8.
163. Sunderland, L. (1843). Pathetism and practical instructions. New York: P. P. Good
164. Sunderland, L. (1853). Book of psychology. New York: Stearns & Co.
165. Tassinary, L. G., Geen, T. R., Cacioppo, J. T., & Swartzbaugh, R. (1989). Historical note: Born of animal magnetism: 150 years of psycho-physiology. Psychophysiology, 2, 713-715.
166. Tatar, M. M. (1978). Spellbound: Studies on mesmerism and literature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
167. Tavakoli-Targhi, M. (2003). Orientalism's genesis amnesia. In V. Kaiwar & S. Mazumdar (Eds.), Antinomies of modernity: Essays on race, orient, nation (pp. 98-125). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
168. Taves, A. (1999). Fits, trances and visions: Experiencing religion and explaining experience from Wesley to James. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
169. Taylor, E. (1983). William James on exceptional mental states: The 1896 Lowell lectures. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
170. Taylor, E. (1999a). Introduction. In M. Murphy & S. Donovan (Eds.), The physical and psychological effects of meditation, 2nd ed. (pp. 1-30). Sausalito, CA: Institute of Noetic Sciences.
171. Taylor, E. (1999b). Shadow culture: Psychology and spirituality in America. Washington, DC: Counterpoint.
172. Tigunait, P. R. (1998). Swami Rama of the Himalayas. Honesdale, PA: Himalayan Institute Press.
173. Trautman, T. R. (1998). The lives of Sir William Jones. In A. Murray (Ed.), Sir William Jones 1746-1794: A commemoration (pp. 91-122). New York: Oxford University Press.
174. Tweed, T. A. (1992). The American encounter with Buddhism, 1844-1912: Victorian culture and the limits of dissent. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
175. Tweed, T. A., & Prothero, S. (1999). Asian religions in America: A documentary history. New York: Oxford.
176. Visram, R. (1986). Ayahs, Lascars, and Princes: Indians in Britain 1700-1947. Dover, NH: Pluto Press.
177. Vivekananda, S. (1920). Raja yoga, being lectures by the Swami Vivekananda. New York: Bretano.
178. Vivekananda, S. (1966). Vedanta philosophy at the Harvard University: A lecture and discussion, 8th ed. Calcutta: Udbodhan Office.
179. Ward, W. (1824). A view of the history, literature, and mythology of the Hindoos, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. Hartford, CT: H. Huntington, Jr.
180. Webster, W. C. (1976). The phreno-magnetic society of Cincinnati-1842. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 18, 277-281.
181. Winter, A. (1998). Mesmerized: Powers of mind in Victorian Britain. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
182. Worcester, E., McComb, S., & Coriat, I. H. (1908). Religion and medicine: The moral control of nervous disorders. New York: Moffat, Yard.
183. Wright, C. (1851). Lectures on India. Boston: Caleb Wright.
184. Young, R. (1990). White mythologies: Writing history and the West. London: Routledge.
185. Zenderland, L. (1998). Measuring minds: Henry Herbert Goddard and the origins of American intelligence testing. New York: Cambridge University Press.
186. Zupanov, I. G. (1999). Disputed mission: Jesuit experiments and Brahmanical knowledge in seventeenth-century India. New York: Oxford University Press.
187. Zupanov, I. G. (2005). Missionary tropics: the Catholic frontier in India, 16th-17th centuries. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.