MRI, CT, and PET/CT for ovarian cancer detection and adnexal lesion characterization

American Journal of Roentgenology

Volumn 194, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 311-321

  Iyer, Veena R ^a   Lee, Susanna I ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Borderline tumor; Endometriosis; Gynecology; Krukenberg tumor; Screening; Staging

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; MUCIN;

ADNEXA DISEASE; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER RISK; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CYSTIC EXTRAOVARIAN LESION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; ENDOMETRIOSIS; ENDOMETRIUM TUMOR; EPITHELIUM TUMOR; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; FIBROMA; FIBROTHECOMA; HUMAN; LEIOMYOMA; MEIGS SYNDROME; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OVARY CANCER; OVARY TERATOMA; OVARY TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THECOMA; TUMOR RECURRENCE;

ADNEXAL DISEASES; CONTRAST MEDIA; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NEOPLASM STAGING; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 76149115217     PISSN: 0361803X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.09.3522     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. American Cancer Society Website. Cancer facts and figures 2009. www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/500809web.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2009
2. Horner MJ, Ries LAG, Krapcho M, et al. SEER cancer statistics review. National Cancer Institute Website. seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2006/. Based on November 2008 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER Website, 2009. Accessed July 20, 2009
3. McDonald JM, Modesitt SC. The incidental postmenopausal adnexal mass. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 49:506-516
4. Jeong YY, Outwater EK, Kang HK. Imaging evaluation of ovarian masses. RadioGraphics 2000; 20:1445-1470
5. Bristow RE, Duska LR, Lambrou NC, et al. A model for predicting surgical outcome in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma using computed tomography. Cancer 2000; 89:1532-1540
6. Lass A. The fertility potential of women with a single ovary. Hum Reprod Update 1999; 5:546-550
7. Gotlieb WH, Chetrit A, Menczer J, et al. Demographic and genetic characteristics of patients with borderline ovarian tumors as compared to early stage invasive ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 97:780-783
8. Shuster LT, Gostout BS, Grossardt BR, Rocca WA. Prophylactic oophorectomy in premenopausal women and long-term health. Menopause Int 2008; 14:111-116
9. Scully RE. International histological classification of tumors: histological typing of ovarian tumors. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1999
10. Barakat RR. Borderline tumors of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1994; 21:93-105
11. Malpica A, Deavers MT, Lu K, et al. Grading ovarian serous carcinoma using a two-tier system. Am J Surg Pathol 2004; 28:496-504
12. Shih IM, Kurman RJ. Ovarian tumorigenesis: a proposed model based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Am J Pathol 2004; 164:1511-1518
13. Gershenson DM, Sun CC, Lu KH, et al. Clinical behavior of stage II-IV low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108:361-368
14. Smith Sehdev AE, Sehdev PS, Kurman RJ. Noninvasive and invasive micropapillary (low-grade) serous carcinoma of the ovary: a clinicopathologic analysis of 135 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27:725-736
15. van Nagell JR Jr, DePriest PD, Reedy MB, et al. The efficacy of transvaginal sonographic screening in asymptomatic women at risk for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 77:350-356
16. Fishman DA, Cohen L, Blank SV, et al. The role of ultrasound evaluation in the detection of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:1214-1221
17. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG committee opinion: number 280, December 2002. The role of the generalist obstetrician-gynecologist in the early detection of ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100:1413-1416
18. Bailey CL, Ueland FR, Land GL, et al. The malignant potential of small cystic ovarian tumors in women over 50 years of age. Gynecol Oncol 1998; 69:3-7
19. Gerber B, Müller H, Külz T, Krause A, Reimer T. Simple ovarian cysts in premenopausal patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997; 57:49-55
20. Modesitt SC, Pavlik EJ, Ueland FR, DePriest PD, Kryscio RJ, van Nagell JR Jr. Risk of malignancy in unilocular ovarian cystic tumors less than 10 centimeters in diameter. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102:594-599
21. Zaloudek CF. Ovary, fallopian tube and broad and round ligaments. In: Fletcher CDM, ed. Diagnostic histopathology of tumors. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2007:567-652
22. Buy JN, Ghossain MA, Hugol D, et al. Characterization of adnexal masses: combination of color Doppler and conventional sonography compared with spectral Doppler analysis alone and conventional sonography alone. AJR 1996; 166:385-393
23. Kurjak A, Predanic M. New scoring system for prediction of ovarian malignancy based on transvaginal color Doppler sonography. J Ultrasound Med 1992; 11:631-638
24. Brown DL, Doubilet PM, Miller FH, et al. Benign and malignant ovarian masses: selection of the most discriminating gray-scale and Doppler sonographic features. Radiology 1998; 208:103-110
25. Bromley B, Goodman H, Benacerraf BR. Comparison between sonographic morphology and Doppler waveform for the diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83:434-437
26. Alcazar JL, Jurado M. Using a logistic model to predict malignancy of adnexal masses based on menopausal status, ultrasound morphology, and color Doppler findings. Gynecol Oncol 1998; 69:146-150
27. Caruso A, Caforio L, Testa AC, Ciampelli M, Panici PB, Mancuso S. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography in the presurgical characterization of adnexal masses. Gynecol Oncol 1996; 63:184-191
28. Rehn M, Lohmann K, Rempen A. Transvaginal ultrasonography of pelvic masses: evaluation of B-mode technique and Doppler ultrasonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:97-104
29. Kinkel K, Lu Y, Mehdizade A, Pelte MF, Hricak H. Indeterminate ovarian mass at US: incremental value of second imaging test for characterization-meta- analysis and Bayesian analysis. Radiology 2005; 236:85-94
30. Adusumilli S, Hussain HK, Caoili EM, et al. MRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses. AJR 2006; 187:732-740
31. Sohaib SA, Mills TD, Sahdev A, et al. The role of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound in patients with adnexal masses. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:340-348
32. Stevens SK, Hricak H, Stern JL. Ovarian lesions: detection and characterization with gadolinium enhanced MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology 1991; 181:481-488
33. Hricak H, Chen M, Coakley FV, et al. Complex adnexal masses: detection and characterization with MR imaging - multivariate analysis. Radiology 2000; 214:39-46
34. Bazot M, Daraï E, Nassar-Slaba J, Lafont C, Thomassin-Naggara I. Value of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of ovarian tumors: a review. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2008; 32:712-723
35. Bent CL, Sahdev A, Rockall AG, Singh N, Sohaib SA, Reznek RH. MRI appearances of borderline ovarian tumours. Clin Radiol 2009; 64:430-438
36. Skírnisdóttir I, Garmo H, Wilander E, Holmberg L. Borderline ovarian tumors in Sweden 1960-2005: trends in incidence and age at diagnosis compared to ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:1897-1901
37. Kim JS, Lee HJ, Woo SK, Lee TS. Peritoneal inclusion cysts and their relationship to the ovaries: evaluation with sonography. Radiology 1997; 204:481-484
38. Kim JS, Woo SK, Suh SJ, Morettin LB. Sonographic diagnosis of paraovarian cysts: value of detecting a separate ipsilateral ovary. AJR 1995; 164:1441-1444
39. Outwater EK, Scheibler ML. Magnetic resonance imaging of the ovary. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 1994; 2:245-274
40. Kim MY, Rha SE, Oh SN, et al. MR imaging findings of hydrosalpinx: a comprehensive review. RadioGraphics 2009; 29:495-507
41. Imaoka I, Wada A, Kaji Y, et al. Developing an MR imaging strategy for diagnosis of ovarian masses. RadioGraphics 2006; 26:1431-1448
42. Cohen DT, Oliva E, Hahn PF, Fuller AF Jr, Lee SI. Uterine smooth-muscle tumors with unusual growth patterns: imaging with pathologic correlation. AJR 2007; 188:246-255
43. Hricak H, Tscholakoff D, Heinrichs L, et al. Uterine leiomyoma: correlation of MR, histopathologic findings, and symptoms. Radiology 1986; 158:385-391
44. Yamashita Y, Torashima M, Takahashi M, et al. Hyperintense uterine leiomyoma at T2-weighted MR imaging: differentiation with dynamic enhanced MR imaging and clinical implications. Radiology 1993; 189:721-725
45. Outwater EK, Wagner BJ, Mannion C, McLarney JK, Kim B. Sex cord stromal and steroid cell tumors of the ovary. RadioGraphics 1998; 18:1523-1546
46. Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Talerman A, Dunton C. Ovarian fibromas and cystadenofibromas: MRI features of the fibrous component. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7:465-471
47. Meigs JV, Cass JW. Fibroma of the ovary with ascites and hydrothorax: with a report of seven cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1937; 33:249-267
48. Togashi K, Nishimura K, Itoh K, et al. Ovarian cystic teratomas: MR imaging. Radiology 1987; 162:669-673
49. Imaoka I, Sugimura K, Okizuka H, Iwanari O, Kitao M, Ishida T. Ovarian cystic teratomas: value of chemical fat saturation magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Radiol 1993; 66:994-997
50. Stevens SK, Hricak H, Campos Z. Teratomas versus cystic hemorrhagic adnexal lesions: differentiation with proton-selective fat-saturation MR imaging. Radiology 1993; 186:481-488
51. Woodward PJ, Sohaey R, Mezzetti TP Jr. Endometriosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 2001; 21:193-216
52. Heaps JM, Nieberg RK, Berek JS. Malignant neoplasms arising in endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75:1023-1028
53. Corner GW Jr, Hu C, Hertig AT. Ovarian carcinoma arising in endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1950; 59:760-774
54. Scully RE, Richardson GS, Barlow JF. The development of malignancy in endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1966; 9:384-411
55. Takeuchi M, Matsuzaki K, Uehara H, Nishitani H. Malignant transformation of pelvic endometriosis: MR imaging findings and pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 2006; 26:407-417
56. Tanaka YO, Yoshizako T, Nishida M, Yamaguchi M, Sugimura K, Itai Y. Ovarian carcinoma in patients with endometriosis: MR imaging findings. AJR 2000; 175:1423-1430
57. Tamai K, Koyama T, Saga T, et al. MR features of physiologic and benign conditions of the ovary. Eur Radiol 2006; 16:2700-2711
58. Tanaka YO, Shigemitsu S, Nagata M, et al. A decidualized endometrial cyst in a pregnant woman: a case observed with a steady-state free precession imaging sequence. Magn Reson Imaging 2002; 20:301-304
59. Axtell AE, Lee MH, Bristow RE, et al. Multi-institutional reciprocal validation study of computed tomography predictors of suboptimal primary cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:384-389
60. Forstner R, Hricak H, Occhipinti KA, Powell CB, Frankel SD, Stern JL. Ovarian cancer: staging with CT and MR imaging. Radiology 1995; 197:619-626
61. Fenchel S, Grab D, Nuessle K, et al. Asymptomatic adnexal masses: correlation of FDG PET and histopathologic findings. Radiology 2002; 223:780-788
62. Rieber A, Nussle K, Stohr I, et al. Preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors with MR imaging: comparison with transvaginal sonography, positron emission tomography, and histologic findings. AJR 2001; 177:123-129
63. Woodward PJ, Hosseinzadeh K, Saenger JS. From the archives of the AFIP: radiologic staging of ovarian carcinoma with pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 2004; 24:225-246
64. 18F-FDG uptake in the ovaries and uterus of healthy female volunteers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005; 32:549-556
65. 18F-FDG uptake in an ovary containing a hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst: false-positive PET/CT in a patient with cervical carcinoma. AJR 2005; 185:1057-1059
66. Bagga S. A corpus luteal cyst masquerading as a lymph node mass on PET/CT scan in a pregnant woman with an anterior mediastinal lymphomatous mass. Clin Nucl Med 2007; 32:649-651
67. Ho KC, Ng KK, Yen TC, Chou HH. An ovary in luteal phase mimicking common iliac lymph node metastasis from a primary cutaneous peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor as revealed by 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Br J Radiol 2005; 78:343-345
68. Cottrill HM, Fitzcharles EK, Modesitt SC. Positron emission tomography in a premenopausal asymptomatic woman: a case report of increased ovarian uptake in a benign condition. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:1127-1130
69. 18F-FDG accumulation on PET: correlation with the menstrual cycle. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005; 32:757-763
70. 18F-FDG PET in assessing therapy response in cancer of the cervix and ovaries. J Nucl Med 2009; 50[suppl 1]:64S-73S
71. Kitajima K, Murakami K, Yamasaki E, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of integrated FDG-PET/contrast-enhanced CT in staging ovarian cancer: comparison with enhanced CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:1912-1920
72. Javitt MC. ACR Appropriateness Criteria on staging and follow-up of ovarian cancer. J Am Coll Radiol 2007; 4:586-589
73. Yoshida Y, Kurokawa T, Kawahara K, et al. Incremental benefits of FDG positron emission tomography over CT alone for the preoperative staging of ovarian cancer. AJR 2004; 182:227-233
74. Sebastian S, Lee SI, Horowitz NS, et al. PET-CT vs. CT alone in ovarian cancer recurrence. Abdom Imaging 2008; 33:112-118
75. Hauth EA, Antoch G, Stattaus J, et al. Evaluation of integrated whole-body PET/CT in the detection of recurrent ovarian cancer. Eur J Radiol 2005; 56:263-268
76. Gu P, Pan LL, Wu SQ, Sun L, Huang G. CA 125, PET alone, PET-CT, CT and MRI in diagnosing recurrent ovarian carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 2009; 71:164-174