Doubting one's doubt: A formula for confidence?

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 350-355

  Wichman, Aaron L ^a   Briñol, Pablo ^b   Petty, Richard E ^c   Rucker, Derek D ^d   Tormala, Zakary L ^e   Weary, Gifford ^c  

^a WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID   (Spain)

^c OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Confidence; Embodiment; Meta cognition; Self doubt; Uncertainty

Indexed keywords

EID: 75849130885     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: 10960465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.10.012     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Aiken L.S., and West S.G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions (1991), Sage, Newbury Park, CA
2. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control (1997), Freeman, New York
3. Bargh J.A., Bond R.N., Lombardi W.J., and Tota M.E. The additive nature of chronic and temporary sources of construct accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (1986) 869-878
4. Berglas S., and Jones E.E. Drug choice as a self-handicapping strategy in response to noncontingent success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 4 (1978) 405-417
5. Blanch D.C., Hall J.A., Roter D.L., and Frankel R.M. Medical student gender and issues of confidence. Patient Education and Counseling 72 (2008) 374-381
6. Briñol P., and Petty R.E. Overt head movements and persuasion: A self-validation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (2003) 1123-1139
7. Briñol P., and Petty R.E. Embodied persuasion: Fundamental processes by which bodily responses can impact attitudes. In: Semin G.R., and Smith E.R. (Eds). Embodiment grounding: Social, cognitive, affective, and neuroscientific approaches (2008), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 184-207
8. Briñol P., and Petty R.E. Persuasion: Insights from the self-validation hypothesis. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 41 (2009), Academic Press, New York 69-118
9. Briñol P., Petty R.E., and Wheeler S.C. Discrepancies between explicit and implicit self-concepts: Consequences for information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91 (2006) 154-170
10. Catrambone R., and Markus H. The role of self-schemas in going beyond the information given. Social Cognition 5 (1987) 349-368
11. Clarkson J.J., Tomala Z.L., and Rucker D.D. A new look at the consequences of attitude certainty: The amplification hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95 (2008) 810-825
12. DeMarree K.G., Wheeler S.C., and Petty R.E. Priming a new identity: Self-monitoring moderates the effects of nonself primes on self-judgments and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (2005) 657-671
13. Edwards, J. A., Wichman, A., & Weary, G. (2009). Causal Uncertainty as a chronically accessible construct. European Journal of Social Psychology. Published online 13 September, 2008; doi:10.1002/ejsp.567.
14. Epley N., and Gilovich T. Putting adjustment back in the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. Differential processing of self-generated and experimenter-provided anchors. Psychological Science 12 (2001) 391-396
15. Griffin D., and Tversky A. The weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence. Cognitive Psychology 24 (1992) 411-435
16. Gross S.R., Holtz R., and Miller N. Attitude certainty. In: Petty R.E., and Krosnick J.A. (Eds). Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (1995), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 215-246
17. Higgins T.E., King G.A., and Mavin G.H. Individual construct accessibility and subjective impressions and recall. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43 (1982) 35-47
18. Higgins E.T., Rholes W.S., and Jones C.R. Category accessibility and impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13 (1977) 141-154
19. Kruglanski A.W., Raviv A., Bar-Tal D., Raviv A., Sharvit K., Ellis S., et al. Says who? epistemic authority effects in social judgment. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 37 (2005), Elsevier, San Diego, CA 345-392
20. Kuiper N.A., and Derry P.A. Depressed and nondepressed content self-reference in mild depressives. Journal of Personality 50 (1982) 67-80
21. Mussweiler T. Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences. Psychological Review 110 (2003) 472-489
22. Norem J.K., and Cantor N. Defensive pessimism: Harnessing anxiety as motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (1986) 1208-1217
23. Oleson K.C., Poehlmann K.M., Yost J.H., Lynch M.E., and Arkin R.M. Subjective overachievement: Individual differences in self-doubt and concern with performance. Journal of Personality 68 (2000) 491-524
24. Palfai T.P. Positive outcome expectancies and smoking behavior: The role of expectancy accessibility. Cognitive Therapy and Research 26 (2002) 317-333
25. Palomares N.A. Gender schematicity, gender identity salience, and gender-linked language use. Human Communication Research 30 (2004) 556-588
26. Petty R.E., Briñol P., and Tormala Z.L. Thought confidence as a determinant of persuasion: The self-validation hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 722-741
27. Petty R.E., Briñol P., Tormala Z.L., and Wegener D.T. The role of meta-cognition in social judgment. In: Higgins E.T., and Kruglanski A.W. (Eds). Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles. 2nd ed. (2007), Guilford Press, New York 254-284
28. Petty R.E., and Cacioppo J.T. Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches (1996), Westview Press, Boulder, CO
29. Petty R.E., and Wegener D.T. Flexible correction processes in social judgment: Correcting for context induced contrast. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 29 (1993) 137-165
30. Slovenko R. Testifying with confidence. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 27 (1999) 127-131
31. Srull T.K., and Wyer Jr. R.S. Category accessibility and social perception: Some implications for the study of person memory and interpersonal judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38 (1980) 841-856
32. Stacy A.W., Leigh B.C., and Weingardt K.R. Memory accessibility and association of alcohol use and its positive outcomes. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2 (1994) 269-282
33. Tamir M., Robinson M.D., Clore G.L., Martin L.L., and Whitaker D.J. Are we puppets on a string? The contextual meaning of unconscious expressive cues. Personality and Social Psychology 30 (2004) 237-249
34. Tom G., Pettersen P., Lau T., Burton T., and Cook J. The role of overt head movement in the formation of affect. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 12 (1991) 281-289
35. Tormala Z.L., and Rucker D.D. Attitude certainty: A review of past findings and emerging perspectives. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 1 (2007) 469-492
36. Van Eerde W. Procrastination: Self-regulation in initiating aversive goals. Applied Psychology: An International Review 49 (2000) 372-389
37. Weary G., and Edwards J.A. Individual differences in causal uncertainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64 (1994) 308-318
38. Weary G., Tobin S.J., and Edwards J.A. The causal uncertainty model revisited. In: Arkin R.M., Oleson K.C., and Carroll P.J. (Eds). Handbook of the uncertain self (2010), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 78-100
39. Wegener D.T., and Petty R.E. The flexible correction model: The role of Naïve Theories in Bias Correction. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 29 (1997), Academia, San Diego, CA 141-208
40. Wells G.L., and Petty R.E. The effects of overt head movements on persuasion: Compatibility and incompatibility of responses. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 1 (1980) 219-230
41. Wichman A.L., Brunner R.P., and Weary G. Immediate and delayed effects of causal uncertainty inductions on uncertainty accessibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44 (2008) 1106-1113
42. Wichman A.L., and Hermann A.D. Deconstructing the link between self-doubt and self-worth: Ideas to reduce maladaptive coping. In: Arkin R.M., Oleson K.C., and Carroll P.J. (Eds). Handbook of the uncertain self (2010), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 321-337
43. Wilson T.D., and Brekke N. Mental contamination and mental correction: Unwanted influences on judgments and evaluations. Psychological Bulletin 116 (1994) 117-142