A review of transdermal nonpatch estrogen therapy for the management of menopausal symptoms

Journal of Women's Health

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 47-55

  Carroll, Nina ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL;

DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENDOMETRIAL DISEASE; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; FLATULENCE; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; HEADACHE; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; INFECTION; MASTALGIA; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; NAUSEA; PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; REVIEW; TREATMENT PLANNING; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VAGINA BLEEDING; VAGINITIS; VASOMOTOR REFLEX;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MENOPAUSE; QUALITY OF LIFE; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 75749126963     PISSN: 15409996     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2008.1206     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Nelson HD. Menopause. Lancet 2008;371:760-770.
2. Belchetz PE. Hormonal treatment of postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1062-1071.
3. Gold EB, Colvin A, Avis N, et al. Longitudinal analysis of the association between vasomotor symptoms and race/ ethnicity across the menopausal transition: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Am J Public Health 2006;96: 1226-1235.
4. Grady D. Clinical practice. Management of menopausal symptoms. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2338-2347.
5. Kronenberg F. Hot flashes: Epidemiology and physiology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990;592:52-86.
6. Freedman RR. Pathophysiology and treatment of menopausal hot flashes. Semin Reprod Med 2005;23:117-125.
7. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H, et al. Symptoms associated with menopausal transition and reproductive hormones in midlife women. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:230-240.
8. Gavaler JS. Thoughts on individualizing hormone replacement therapy based on the postmenopausal health disparities study data. J Womens Health 2003;12:757-768.
9. Ratka A, Miller V, Brown K, Jenschke M, Simpkins J. Association of various dimensions of hot flashes with systemic levels of gonadal steroids. Exp Biol Med 2009;234: 395-402.
10. Rebar RW, Spitzer IB. The physiology and measurement of hot flushes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;156:1284-1288.
11. Anderson E, Hamburger S, Liu JH, Rebar RW. Characteristics of menopausal women seeking assistance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;156:428-433.
12. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-333.
13. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2003;349:523-534.
14. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1701-1712.
15. Hammond CB. The Women's Health Initiative study: Perspectives and implications for clinical practice. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2005;6:93-99.
16. Rossouw JE. Implications of recent clinical trials of postmenopausal hormone therapy for management of cardiovascular disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006;1089:444-453.
17. Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007;297:1465-1477.
18. Manson JE, Allison MA, Rossouw JE, et al. Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcification. N Engl J Med 2007;356: 2591-2602.
19. Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Greyber E, Salpeter EE. Brief report: Coronary heart disease events associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21:363-366.
20. Pines A, Sturdee DW, Birkhauser MH. Hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease in the early postmenopause: The WHI data revisited. Climacteric 2007;10:195-196.
21. Shumaker SA, Legault C, Rapp SR, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;289:2651-2662.
22. Genazzani AR, Pluchino N, Luisi S, Luisi M. Estrogen, cognition and female ageing. Hum Reprod Update 2007; 13:175-187.
23. Maki PM, Sundermann E. Hormone therapy and cognitive function. Hum Reprod Update 2009;15:667-681.
24. Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA. Endogenous and exogenous estrogen, cognitive function, and dementia in postmenopausal women: Evidence from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials. Semin Reprod Med 2009;27:275-282.
25. Cirigliano M. Bioidentical hormone therapy: A review of the evidence. J Womens Health 2007;16:600-631.
26. Simon T. Bioidentical hormones: Pros and cons. Presented at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, New Orleans, LA, 2008.
27. Understanding the controversy: Hormone testing and bioidentical hormones. Proceedings of the Postgraduate Course. 17th Annual Meeting of the North American Menopause Society, Nashville, TN, 2006.
28. Skouby SO, Al-Azzawi F, Barlow D, et al. Climacteric medicine: European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) 2004/2005 position statements on peri- and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 2005; 51:8-14.
29. FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Report: Limited FDA survey of compounded drug products. Accessed May 20, 2008.
30. FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Report: 2006 limited FDA survey of compounded drug products. Accessed May 8, 2008.
31. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee Opinion 322: Compounded bioidentical hormones. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106:1139-1140.
32. The Endocrine Society. Bioidentical hormones. Position statement. Accessed May 20, 2008.
33. Henzl MR, Loomba PK. Transdermal delivery of sex steroids for hormone replacement therapy and contraception. A review of principles and practice. J Reprod Med 2003;48: 525-540.
34. Bhavnani BR. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conjugated equine estrogens: Chemistry and metabolism. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:6-16.
35. Ettinger B. Vasomotor symptom relief versus unwanted effects: Role of estrogen dosage. Am J Med 2005;118 (Suppl 12B):74-78.
36. Samsioe G. Transdermal hormone therapy: Gels and patches. Climacteric 2004;7:347-356.
37. Powers MS, Schenkel L, Darley PE, Good WR, Balestra JC, Place VA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermal dosage forms of 17 beta-estradiol: Comparison with conventional oral estrogens used for hormone replacement. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;152:1099-1106.
38. Shifren JL, Desindes S, McIlwain M, Doros G, Mazer NA. A randomized, open-label, crossover study comparing the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy on serum androgens, thyroid hormones, and adrenal hormones in naturally menopausal women. Menopause 2007;14:985-994.
39. Canonico M, Plu-Bureau G, Lowe GD, Scarabin PY. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2008;336:1227-1231.
40. Nelson HD. Commonly used types of postmenopausal estrogen for treatment of hot flashes: Scientific review. JAMA 2004;291:1610-1620.
41. Minkin MJ. Considerations in the choice of oral vs. transdermal hormone therapy: A review. J Reprod Med 2004; 49:311-320.
42. Lobo RA. Metabolic syndrome after menopause and the role of hormones. Maturitas 2008;60:10-18.
43. Shifren JL, Rifai N, Desindes S, McIlwain M, Doros G, Mazer NA. A comparison of the short-term effects of oral conjugated equine estrogens vs. transdermal estradiol on Creactive protein, other serum markers of inflammation and other hepatic proteins in naturally menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:1702-1710.
44. Hodis HN, Mack WJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy in clinical perspective. Menopause 2007;14:944-957.
45. Hemelaar M, van der Mooren MJ, Rad M, Kluft C, Kenemans P. Effects of non-oral postmenopausal hormone therapy on markers of cardiovascular risk: A systematic review. Fertil Steril 2008;90:642-672.
46. Zegura B, Guzic-Salobir B, Sebestjen M, Keber I. The effect of various menopausal hormone therapies on markers of inflammation, coagulation, fibrinolysis, lipids, and lipoproteins in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause 2006; 13:643-650.
47. Canonico M,Oger E, Plu-BureauG, et al.Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: Impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: The ESTHER study. Circulation 2007;115:840-845.
48. Spencer C, Crook D, Ross D, Cooper A, Whitehead M, Stevenson J. A randomised comparison of the effects of oral versus transdermal 17beta-oestradiol, each combined with sequential oral norethisterone acetate, on serum lipoprotein levels. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999;106:948-953.
49. Sendag F, Karadadas N, Ozsener S, Bilgin O. Effects of sequential combined transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapies on serum lipid and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2002;266:38-43.
50. Ouyang P, Michos ED, Karas RH. Hormone replacement therapy and the cardiovascular system lessons learned and unanswered questions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1741-1753.
51. Cirillo DJ, Wallace RB, Rodabough RJ, et al. Effect of estrogen therapy on gallbladder disease. JAMA 2005;293:330-339.
52. Liu B, Beral V, Balkwill A, Green J, Sweetland S, Reeves G. Gallbladder disease and use of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008;337:a386.
53. AACE Menopause Guidelines Revisions Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of menopause. Endocr Pract 2006;12:315-337.
54. Ranade VV. Drug delivery systems. 6. Transdermal drug delivery. J Clin Pharmacol 1991;31:401-418.
55. Chien YW. Development of transdermal drug delivery systems. Drug Dev Indus Pharm 1987;13:589-651.
56. Good WR, Powers MS, Schenkel L. A new transdermal delivery system for estradiol. J Control Release 1985;2:89-97.
57. Jarvinen A, Backstrom A, Elfstrom C, Viitanen A. Comparative absorption and variability in absorption of estradiol from a transdermal gel and a novel matrix-type transdermal patch. Maturitas 2001;38:189-196.
58. Paoletti AM, Pilia I, Nannipieri F, Bigini C, Melis GB. Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of a 17 beta-estradiol gel 0.6mg/g (Gelestra) with a transdermal delivery system (Estraderm TTS 50) in postmenopausal women at steady state. Maturitas 2001;40:203-209.
59. Sitruk-Ware R. Transdermal delivery of steroids. Contraception 1989;39:1-20.
60. ZumBrenner TL, Meuwsen I, de Vries M, Brennan JJ. The effect of washing and the absence of interindividual trasnfer of estradiol gel. Am J Drug Deliv 2006;4:89-95.
61. Koltun WD, Hedrick RE. Transferability of Divigel during skin-to-skin contact with and without clothing [Abstract]. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:84S.
62. Schumacher RJ, Gattermeir BA, Peterson CA, Wisdom C, Day WW. The effect of skin-to-skin contact, application site washing, and sunscreen on the pharmacokinetics of estradiol from a metered-dose transdermal spray. Menopause 2009; 16:177-183.
63. Elestrin. Lincolnshire, IL: BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2007.
64. Estrogel. Herndon, VA: Ascend Therapeutics, Inc.; 2007.
65. Divigel. Minneapolis, MN: Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc.; 2007.
66. Evamist. St. Louis, MO: Ther-Rx; 2008.
67. Estrasorb. Columbia, MD: Novavax, Inc.; 2007.
68. Lambrecht LJ, Harris KA, Halvorsen MB. Pharmacokinetic properties of estradiol gel 0.1% [Abstract]. Menopause 2007; 14:1098.
69. New formulation: Evamist (estradiol transdermal spray). Pharm Let Prescrib Let 2008;24:240407.
70. North American Menopause Society. Hormone products for postmenopausal use in the United States and Canada. Available at www.menopause.org/Portals/0/ Content/PDF/ htcharts.pdf Accessed October 20, 2008.
71. Simon JA, Bouchard C, Waldbaum A, Utian W, Zborowski J, Snabes MC. Low dose of transdermal estradiol gel for treatment of symptomatic postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2007;109:588-596. (Pubitemid 46339398)