Secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures of ruta graveolens l. and ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata (tenore) gams

Biotechnology, Second Edition: Secondary Metabolites

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 445-482

  Ekiert, Halina ^a   Czygan, Franz Ch ^b  

^a JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Poland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 75649120648     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (154)

1. Abou-Mandour, A.A. (1977). Ein Standardäahrmedium für die Anzucht von Kalluskulturen einiger Arzneipflanzen. Z. Pflanzenphysiol., 85: 273-277.
2. Abou-Mandour, A.A. (1982). Untersuchungen an Ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata. Planta Med., 46: 105-109.
3. Abou-Mandour, A.A. (1994). Gewebekulturen und daraus regenerierte Arzneipflanzen. DAZ, 134: 19-27.
4. Ahn, C.H., Choi, W.C. and Kong, J.Y. (1997). Chemosensitizing activity of caffeic acid in multidrug-resistant MCF-7/Dox human breast carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res., 17: 1913-1917.
5. Akiu, S., Suzuki, Y., Fujinuma, Y., Asahara, T. and Fukuda, M. (1988). Inhibitory effect of arbutin on melanogenesis: biochemical study in cultured B 16 melanoma cells and effect on the UV-induced pigmentation in human skin. Proc. Jpn. Soc. Invest. Dermatol., 12: 138-139.
6. Aziz, N.H., Farag, S.E., Mousa, L.A. and Abo-Zaid, M.A. (1998). Comparative antibacterial and antifungal effects of some phenolic compounds. Microbios., 93: 43-54.
7. Bantrope, D.V., Bilyard, H.J. and Watson, D.G. (1985). Pigment formation by callus of Lavandula angustifolia. Phytochemistry, 24: 2677-2680.
8. Becela-Deller, Ch. (1995). Ruta graveolens L. -Weinraute -Kulturhistorisches Portrait einer traditionellen Heilpflanze. Z. Phytother, 16: 275-281.
9. Ben-Hur, E. and Pill-Soon, S. (1984). The photochemistry and photobiology of furocoumarins (psoralens). Adv. Radiat. Biol., 11: 131-171.
10. Bethea, D., Fullmer, B., Syed, S., Seltzer, G., Tiano, J., Rischko, C., Gillespie, L., Brown, D. and Gasparro, F.P. (1999). Psoralen photobiology and photochemotherapy: 50 years of science and medicine. J. Dermat. Sci., 19: 78-88.
11. Bohlmann, E., Gibraltarskaya and Eilert, U. (1995). Elicitor induction of furanocoumarin biosynthetic pathway in cell cultures of Ruta graveolens. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Culture, 43: 155-161.
12. Borkowski, B., Skuza, G. and Rogóż, Z. (1999). Porównawcze badania dzialania kwasów rozmarynowego i chlorogenowego na ośrodkowy uklad nerwowy. Herba Polon., 3: 192-197.
13. Cappelletti, E.M., Innocenti, G., Caniato, R., Filippini, R. and Piovan, A. (1998). Haplophyllum patavinum (L.) G. Don fil. (Paduan rue): In Vitro Regeneration and the Production of Coumarin Compounds. pp 238-248., In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry vol. 41, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York.
14. Chen, J.H. and Ho, C.T. (1997). Antioxidant activities of caffeic acid and its related hydroxycinnamic acids compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 45: 2374-2378.
15. Chen, H., Chen, F., Zhang, Y.L. and Song, J.Y. (1999). Production of rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid B in Ti transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cell suspension cultures. Process Biochem. 34: 777-784.
16. Chlopčikova, Š., Psotová, J., Miteková, P., Soušek, J., Lichnovský, V. and Šimánek, V. (2004). Chemoprotective effect of plant phenolics against anthracycline-induced toxicity on rat cardiomyocytes. Part II. Caffeic, chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids. Phytother. Res., 18: 408-413.
17. De-Eknamkul, W. and Ellis, B.E. (1984). Rosmarinic acid production and growth characteristics of Anchusa officinalis cell suspension cultures. Planta Med., 51: 346-350.
18. De-Eknamkul, W. and Ellis, B.E. (1988). Rosmarinic Acid: Production in Plant Cell Cultures. pp. 310-329. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol. 4, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I, Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed.). Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York.
19. Ditzen, G., Gerst, F., Hänsel W. and Koppenhöfer, E. (1995). Kaliumkanal-Blockers-ein neuer Ansatz zur symptomatischen Therapie der multiplen Sklerose. DMW., 120: 1061-1062.
20. Dušková, J., Sovová, M., Dušek, J. and Jahodár, L. (1988). The effect of ionizing irradiation on the tissue culture of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel. Pharmazie, 43: 518-519.
21. Dušková, J., Jahodár, L. and Dušek, J. (1994). Neue Möglichkeiten der Produktion von Arbutin durch Gewebekulturen. Pharmazie, 49: 624.
22. Dušková, J., Dušek, J. and Jahodár, L. (1999). Zur Biotransformation von Hydrochinon zu Arbutin in den In Vitro-Kulturen. Herba Polon., 1: 23-26.
23. Eilert, U. (1994). Ruta. pp 506-521. In: Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis. P-Z., Drogen, Bd.6. R., Hänsel, K., Keller, H., Rimpler, and G. Schneider, (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg.
24. Ekiert, H. (1988). Badania nad metabolitami hodowli tkankowej Ammi majus L. Doctor’s Thesis. Medicinal Academy. Krakow, Poland.
25. Ekiert, H. (1990). Furanocoumarins in tissue culture of Ammi majus. Planta Med., 56: 572-572.
26. Ekiert, H. (1993). Ammi majus L. /Bishop’ s Weed/: In vitro culture and the production of coumarin compounds. pp 1-17. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry vol. 21, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV. Y. P. S. Bajaj (ed.), Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York.
27. Ekiert, H. (2004). Accumulation of biologically active furonocoumarins within invitro cultures of medicinal plants. Pp 267-296. In: Biotechnology of medicinal plants, vitalizer and therapeutic, K.G. Ramawat (ed.). Science Pub, Inc., Enfield USA, Plymouth, UK.
28. Ekiert, H., Abou-Mandour, A.A. and Czygan, F.-Ch. (2005). Accumulation of biologically active furanocoumarins in Ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata (Tenore) Gams. Pharmazie, 60: 66-68.
29. Ekiert, H., Chołoniewska, M. and Gomóíka, E. (2001). Accumulation of furanocoumarins in Ruta graveolens L. shoot culture. Biotechnology Lett., 23: 543-545.
30. Ekiert, H. and Czygan, F-Ch. (2005). Accumulation of coumarin compounds in agitated cultures of Ruta graveolens L. and Ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata (Tenore) Gams. Pharmazie. 60: 623-626.
31. Ekiert, H., Czygan, F. Ch., Abou-Mandour, A.A., Piekoszewska, A., Gorztiewicz, A., and Jokarczyk, E. (2005b). In vitro cultures of medicinal plants as a potential source of phenolic acids. Z. Phytother., Kongressbond, 26: 523-524.
32. Ekiert, H. and Gomóíka, E. (1999). Effect of light on contents of coumarin compounds in shoots of Ruta graveolens L. cultivated in vitro. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 68: 197-200.
33. Ekiert, H. and Gomóíka, E. (2000a). Furanocoumarins in Pastinaca sativa L. in vitro culture. Pharmazie, 55: 618-620.
34. Ekiert H. and Gomóíka, E. (2000b). Coumarin compounds in Ammi majus L. callus culture. Pharmazie, 55: 684-687.
35. Ekiert, H. and Kisiel, W. (1997). Coumarins and alkaloids in shoot culture of Ruta graveolens L. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 66: 329-332.
36. Ekiert, H. and Kisiel, W. (2000). Isolation of furanocoumarins from Pastinaca sativa L. callus culture. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 69: 193-195.
37. Ekiert, H. and Kisiel, W. (2001). Kumaryny z hodowli in vitro Ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata (Tenore) Gams. p 223, W: Farmacja XXI wieku, XVII Naukowy Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Farmaceutycznego, Pozńar! (Poland), Materialy Zjazdowe.
38. Ekiert, H. and Kisiel, W. (2002). Coumarins from Ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata. P 70, In: The Application of Chromatographic Methods in Phytochemical and Biomedical Analysis., 3rd International Symposium on Chromatography of Natural Products, Lublin-Kazimierz Dolny (Poland), abstract.
39. Ellis, B.E., Remmen, S. and Goeree, G. (1979). Interactions between parallel pathways during biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid in cell suspensions cultures of Coleus blumei. Planta, 147: 163-167.
40. Engler, A. (1964). Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Bd.2. Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin-Nikolassee.
41. European Pharmacopoeia V (2004). Council of Europe, Strasbourg. pp. 694-695.
42. Farmakopea Polska V (Polish Pharmacopoeia V) (1999). PTFarm, Warszawa, 5: pp 505-507, 516-518, 1054-55.
43. Farmakopea Polska VI (Polish Pharmacopoeia VI) (2002). PTFarm, Warszawa, pp 903-904, 908-909.
44. Fecka, I., Mazur, A. and Cisowski, W. (2002). Kwas rozmarynowy, wazny składnik terapeutyczny niektórych surowców roślinnych. Postępy Fitoterapii, 3: 20-24.
45. Fesen, M.R., Pommier, Y., Leteurtre, F., Hiroguchi, S., Young, J. and Kohn, K.W. (1994). Inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by flavones, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and related compounds. Biochem. Pharmacol., 48: 595-608.
46. Floryanowicz-Czekalska, K. and Wysokińska, H. (2004). Kwas chlorogenowy w tkance kalusowej Eleutherococcus senticosus Harms, p 115, In: 53 Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego, Toruń, Poland, Abstract.
47. Fukui, H., Yazaki, K. and Tabata, M. (1984). Two phenolic acids from Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures. Phytochemistry, 23: 2398-2399.
48. Furmanowa, M. and Rapaczewska, L. (1993). Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch (Bergenia): Micropropagation and arbutin contents. pp 18-33. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 21, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV. Y.P.S Bajaj (ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
49. Gorzkiewicz, A. (2004). Kwasy fenolowe w roślinnych kulturach in vitro-analiza jakościowa i ilościowa. Diplom dissertation, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow (Poland).
50. Hamerski, D. and Matern, U. (1988a). Biosynthesis of psoralens. Psoralen 5-monooxygenase activity from elicitor-treated Ammi majus cells. FEBS Lett., 239: 263-265.
51. Hamerski, D. and Matern, U. (1988b). Elicitor-induced biosynthesis of psoralens in Ammi majus L. suspension cultures. Microsomal conversion of demethylsuberosin into (+) marmesin and psoralen., Eur. J. Biochem., 171: 369-375.
52. Hamerski, D., Beier, R.C., Kneusel R.E., Matern, U. and Himmelspach, K. (1990a). Accumulation of coumarins in elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures of Ammi majus. Phytochemistry, 29: 1137-1142.
53. Hamerski, D., Schmitt, D. and Matern, U. (1990b). Induction of two prenyltransferases for the accumulation of coumarin phytoalexins in elicitor-treated Ammi majus cell suspension cultures. Phytochemistry, 29: 1131-1135.
54. Hartung, W. and Abou-Mandour, A.A. (1996). A Beneficial Role of Abscisic Acid for Regenerates of Ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata (Tenore) Gams. Suffering from Transplant Shock. Angew. Bot, 70: 221-223.
55. Hauffe, D.K., Hahlbrock, K. and Scheel, D. (1986). Elicitor-Stimulated Furanocoumarin Biosynthesis in Cultured Parsley Cells: S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine: Bergaptol and SAdenosyl-L-Methionine: Xanthotoxol O-Methyltransferases. Z. Naturforsch., 41C: 228-239.
56. Härmälä, P., Vuorela, H., Nyiredy, Sz., Törnquist, K., Kalatia, S., Sticher, O. and Hiltunen, R. (1992). Strategy for the isolation and identification of coumarins with calcium antagonistic properties from the roots of Angelica archangelica. Phytochem. Anal., 3: 42-48.
57. Hegi, G. (1965). Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa. Carl Hanser Verlag München.
58. Hegnauer, R. (1973). Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel und Stuttgart.
59. Hehmann, M., Lukačin, R., Ekiert, H. and Matern, U. (2004). Furanocoumarin biosynthesis in Ammi majus L., Cloning of bergaptol-O-methyltransferase. Eur. J. Biochem., 271: 932-940.
60. Hippolyte, I. (2000). In vitro rosmarinic acid production. pp. 232-242 In: The Genus Salvia -Medicinal and Aromatic Plants -Industrial Profiles., S. Kintzios (ed.). Harwood Academic Publishers.
61. Hippolyte, I., Marin, B., Baccou, J.C. and Jonard, R. (1991). Influence of maintenance medium and sucrose concentration on the production of rosmarinic acid by cell suspensions of sage-Salvia officinalis L. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, Series 3, Sciences de la Vie 313: 365-371.
62. Hippolyte, I., Marin, B., Baccu, J.C. and Jonard, R. (1992). Growth rosmarinic acid production in cell suspension cultures of Salvia officinalis. Plant Cell Rep., 11: 109-112.
63. Hoppe, H.A. (1975). Drogenkunde, Bd.1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin-New York.
64. Jahodář, L., Vondrová, I., Leiferová, I. and Kolb, I. (1982). Tissue culture of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, examination of phenolic glycosides and isolation of oleanolic acid. Pharmazie, 37: 509-511.
65. Jiang, Y., Kusama, K., Satoh, K., Takayama, E., Watanabe, S. and Sakagami, H. (2000). Induction of cytotoxicity by chlorogenic acid in human oral tumor cell lines. Phytomedicine, 7: 483-491.
66. Karting, T., Moeckel, H. and Maunz, B. (1975). Über das Vorkommen von Cumarinen und Sterolen in Gewebekulturen aus Wurzeln von Anethum graveolens und Pimpinella anisum. Planta Med., 27: 1-4.
67. Kelm, M.A., Nair, M.G., Strasburg G.M. and DeWitt, D.L. (2000). Antioxidant and cyclooxygenase inhibitory of phenolic compounds from Ocimum sanctum Linn. Phytomedicine, 7: 7-13.
68. Kintzios, S. (2000). Salvia ssp.: Tissue culture, somatic embryogenesis, micropropagation and biotransformation. pp 243-250, In: Sage -The Genus Salvia -Medicinal and Aromatic Plant -Industrial profiles, S. Kintzios (ed). Harwood Academic Publishers.
69. Kintzios, S., Nikolaou, A., Skoula, M., Drossopoulos, J. and Holevas, C. (1996). Somatic embryogenesis and in vitro rosmarinic acid production from mature leaves of Salvia officinalis and S. fruticosa biotypes collected in Greece. pp 282-285. In: Eucarpia Series: Beitr. Z. Züchtungsforschung, F. Pank (ed.).
70. Kintzios, S., Nikolaou, A. and Skoula, M. (1998). Somatic embryogenesis and in vitro rosmarinic acid accumulation in Salvia officinalis and S. fruticosa leaf callus cultures. Plant Cell. Rep. 18: 462-466.
71. Kochan, E., Wysokińska, H., Chmiel, A. and Grabias, B. (1999). Rosmarinic acid and other phenolic acids in hairy roots of Hyssopus officinalis. Z.Naturforsch., 54C: 11-16.
72. Kohlmünzer, S. (1998). Farmakognozja (Pharmacognosy) -in polish, PZWL, Warsow.
73. Kono, Y., Shibata, H., Kodama, Y. and Sawa, Y. (1995). The suppression of the Nnitrosating reaction by chlorogenic acid. Biochem. J., 312: 947-953.
74. Koul, S. and Koul, A.K. (1993). Development of media for growth and furanocoumarin production of Ammi majus cells. Fitoterapia, 64: 415-422.
75. Kovatcheva, E., Pavlov, A., Koleva, M., Ilieva, M. and Mihneva, M. (1996). Rosmarinic acid from Lavandula vera MM. cell culture. Phytochemistry, 43: 1243-1244.
76. Królicka, A., Łojkowska, E., Krauze-Baranowska, M., Staniszewska, I., Maliński, E., Szafranek, J. and Turkiewicz, M. (2001a). Identification of secondary metabolites in in vitro culture of Ammi majus treated with elicitors. Acta Horticult., 560: 255-258.
77. Królicka, A., Staniszewska, I., Bielawski, K., Maliński, E., Szafranek, J. and Łojkowska, E., (2001b). Establishment of hairy root cultures of Ammi majus. Plant Sci., 160: 259-264.
78. Kutney, J.P., Salisbury, P.J., and Verma, A.K. (1973). Biosynthetic studies in the coumarin series-III. Studies in the tissue cultures of Thamnosma montana Torr. and Frem. The role of mevalomate. Tetrahedron, 29: 2673-2681.
79. Linsmaier, E.M. and Skoog, F. (1965). Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant., 18: 100-127.
80. Lutterbach, R. and Stöckigt, J. (1992). High yield formation of arbutin from hydroquinone by cell-suspension cultures of Rauvolfia serpentina. Helv. Chim. Acta, 75: 2009-2011.
81. Makino, T., Ono, T., Muso, E., Yoshida, H., Honda, G. and Sasayama, S. (2000). Inhibitor effects of rosmarinic acid on the proliferation of cultured murine mesangial cells. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 15: 1140-1145.
82. Makri, O. and Kintzios, S. (2004). In vitro rosmarinic acid production: an update. pp 19-30. In: Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants. Vitalizer and Therapeutic. K.G. Ramawat (ed.). Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield USA, Plymouth UK.
83. Massot, B., Milesi, S., Gontier, E., Bourgaud, F. and Guckert, A. (2000). Optimized culture conditions for production of furanocoumarins by micropropagated shoots of Ruta graveolens. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Culture, 62: 11-19.
84. Miazga, J. (1999). Wolne fenolokwasy w zielu i tkance kalusowej miodownika melisowatego Melittis melissophyllum L. Diplom dissertation, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow (Poland).
85. Milesi, S., Massot, B., Gontier, E., Bourgaud, F. and Guckert, A. (2001). Ruta graveolens L.: a promising species for the production of furanocoumarins. Plant Sci., 161: 189-199.
86. Mizukami, H. and Ellis, B. (1991). Rosmarinic acid formation and differential expression of tyrosine aminotransferase isoforms in Anchusa officinalis cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Rep, 10: 321-324.
87. Mohagheghzadeh, A., Shams-Ardakani, M., Ghannadi, A. and Minaeian, M. (2004). Rosmarinic acid from Zataria multiflora tops and in vitro cultures. Fitoterapia, 75: 315-321.
88. Mori, H., Kawabata, K. and Matsunaga, K. et al. (2000). Chemopreventive effects of coffee bean and rice constituents on colorectal carcinogenesis. Biofactors, 12: 101-105.
89. Morimoto, S., Goto, Y. and Shoyama, Y. (1994). Production of lithospermic acid B and rosmarinic acid in callus tissue and regenerated plantlets of Salvia miltiorrhiza. J. Nat. Prod., 57: 817-823.
90. Murakami, Y., Omoto, T., Asai, I., Shimomura, K., Yoshihira, K. and Ishimaru, K. (1998). Rosmarinic acid and related phenolics in transformed root cultures of Hyssopus officinalis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 53: 75-78.
91. Nakazawa, T. and Ohsawa, K. (1998). Metabolism of rosmarinic acid in rats. J. Nat. Prod., 61: 993-996.
92. Nardini, M., D’Aquino, M., Tomassi, G., Gentili, V., Felice, M. and Scaccini, C. (1995). Inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation by caffeic acid and other hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 19: 541-552.
93. Nardini, M., Leonardi, F., Scaccini, C. and Virgili, F. (2001). Modulation of ceramideinduced NK-kkB binding activity and apoptotic response by caffeic acid in U937 cells: Comparison with other antioxidants. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 30: 722-733.
94. Newall, C.A., Anderson, L.A. and Phillipson, J.D. (1996). Herbal Medicines. A Guide of Health-care Professionals, pp 258-259. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.
95. Olthof, M.R., Hollman, P.C. and Katan, M.B. (2001). Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid are absorbed in humans. J. Nutr., 131: 66-71.
96. Packer, L. (2001). Flavonoids and other phenolics. Methods Enzymol., 335: 302-310.
97. Pande, D., Purohit, M. and Srivastava, P.S. (2002). Variation in xanthotoxin content in Ammi majus L. cultures during in vitro flowering and fruiting. Plant Sci., 162: 583-587.
98. Pathak, M.A., Parrish, J.A. and Fitzpatrick, T.B. (1981). Psoralens in photochemotherapy of skin diseases. Farm. Ed. Sci., 36: 479-491.
99. Peake, P.W., Pussel, B.A., Martyn, P., Timmermans, V. and Xcharlesworth, J.A. (1991). The inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid on complement involves the C5 convertase. Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 13: 853-857.
100. Petersen, M. (1989). Rosmarinic acid synthase from cell cultures of Coleus blumei. Planta Med., 55: 663-664.
101. Petersen, M. (1992). New aspects of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in cell cultures of Coleus blumei. Planta Med., 58: 578.
102. Petersen, M. (1994). Coleus ssp.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Forskolin and Rosmarinic Acid. pp 69-92. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. vol. 26. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI, Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg.
103. Petit-Paly, G., Ramawat, K.G., Chenieux, J.C. and Rideau, M. (1989). Ruta graveolens: In vitro production of alkaloids and medicinal compounds. pp. 488-505. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry., Vol. 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II, Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg.
104. Pilgrim, H. (1970). Untersuchungen zur Glykosidbildung in pflanzlichen Gewebekulturen. Pharmazie, 25: 568.
105. Plewig, G., Hölzle, E. and Lehmann, P. (1986). Phototherapy for photodermatoses. Curr. Probl. Dermatol., 15: 254-264.
106. Podlewski, J.K. and Chwalibogowska-Podlewska, A. (1986). Leki współczesnej terapii, pp 384-385, PZWL, Warszawa.
107. Podlewski, J.K. and Chwalibogowska-Podlewska, A. (1999). Leki współczesnej terapii, pp 408-409, Wyd. Fundacji PB Büchnera, Split Trading.
108. Psotová, J., Marková, H., Kolař, M., Soušek, J., Vičar, J. and Ulrichová, J. (2002). Biological activities of Prunella vulgaris extract. Phytother. Res., 17: 1082-1087.
109. Purohit, M., Pande, D., Datta, A. and Srivastava, P.S. (1995). Enhanced Xanthotoxin Content in Regenerating Cultures of Ammi majus and micropropagation. Planta Med., 61: 481-482.
110. Radtke, J., Linseisen, J. and Wolfram, G.Z. (1998). Phenolic acid intake of adults in a Bavarian subgroup of the national food consumption survey. Ernährungswiss., 37: 190-197.
111. Razzaque, A. and Ellis, B.E. (1977). Rosmarinic acid production in Coleus cell cultures. Planta, 137: 287-291.
112. Rechner, A.R., Pannala, A.S. and Rice-Evans, C.A. (2001a). Caffeic acid derivatives in artichoke extract are metabolised to phenolic acids in vivo. Free Radic. Res., 35: 195-202.
113. Rechner, A.R., Spencer, J.P., Kuhnle, G., Hahn, U. and Rice-Evans, C.A. (2001b). Novel biomarkers of the metabolism of caffeic acid derivatives in vivo. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 30: 1213-1222.
114. Reinhard, E. (1967). Probleme der Production von Arzneistoffen durch pflanzliche Gewebekulturen. DAZ, 107: 1201-1207.
115. Reinhard, E., Corduan, G. and Volk, O.H. (1968). Über Gewebekulturen von Ruta graveolens. Planta Med., 16: 8-16.
116. Reinhard, E., Corduan, G. and Brocke, W. (1971). Untersuchungen über das ätherische öl und Cumarine in Gewebekulturen von Ruta graveolens. Herba Hung., 10: 9-26.
117. Ribéreau-Gayon, P. (1972). Plant Phenolics, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
118. Rodigiero, G. (1985). Hyperpigmentation induced by furanocoumarins. Farmaco Ed. Prat., 40: 172-186.
119. Rodigiero, G. and Dall’ Acqua, F. (1986). Present aspects concerning the molecular mechanisms of photochemotherapy with psoralens. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 12: 507-515.
120. Rodigiero, G., Dall’ Acqua, F. and Pathak, M.A. (1984). Photobiological properties of monofunctional furanocoumarin derivatives, pp 319-398. In: Topics in Photomedicine, K.C. Smith (ed.), Plenum, New York.
121. Roenigh, H.H. Jr. (1984). Effectiveness of psoralens in mycosis fungoides. In: Photochemotherapeutic Aspects of Psoralens. Natl. Cancer. Inst. Monogr., 66: 179-183.
122. Sanmann, K., Gerst, F., Bohuslavizki, K.H., Koppenhöfer, E. and Hänsel, W. (1994). Furanocoumarins as a new class of potassium chanel blockers and their possible significance in demyelinating diseases. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2: 168-168.
123. Scheel, D., Hauffe, K.D., Jahnen, W. and Hahlbrock, K. (1986). Stimulation of phytoalexin formation in fungus-infected plants and elicitor-treated cell cultures of parsley. pp 325-331. In: Recognition in Microbe-Plant Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions, B. Lugtenberg, (ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
124. Sidwa-Gorycka, M., Królicka, A. and Łojkowska, E. (2003). Estabilishment of a co-culture of Ammi majus L. and Ruta graveolens L. for the synthesis of furanocoumarins. Plant Sci., 165: 1315-1319.
125. Skrzypczak-Pietraszek, E., Szewczyk, A., Piekoszewska, A. and Ekiert, H. (2004). In vitro cultures of medicinal plants as a potential source of arbutin. p. 67 In: Phytopharmaka und Phytotherapie-Forschung und Praxis, Phytotherapie Kongress 2004 Berlin, Germany, Abstracts.
126. Skrzypczak-Pietraszek, E., Szewczyk, A., Piekoszewska, A. and Ekiert, H. (2005). Biotransformation of hydroquinone to arbutin in plant in vitro cultures-preliminary results. Acta Physiol. Plant, 27: 79-87.
127. Słotwińska, J. (1993). Badania farmakobotaniczne kultur kalusowych Hypericum perforatum L. Dyplom dissertation, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow (Poland).
128. Smolarz, H.D., SokoFowska-Woźniak, A. and Zgórka, G. (1997). Phenolic acids from the herb of Ruta graveolens L. Acta. Pol. Pharm.-Drug Res., 54: 161-163.
129. Štambergovà, A., Šupcikovà, M. and Leifertovà, I. (1985). Hodnoceni fenolických làtek v Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. IV. Stanoveni arbutinu, metylarbutinu a hydrochinonu v listech metodou HPLC. Českoslov. Farm. 34: 179-182.
130. Stammwitz, U. (1998). Pflanzliche Harnwegsdesinfizienzien-heute noch aktuell? Z. Phytoth., 19: 90-95.
131. Stavric, B. (1997). Chemopreventive agents in foods. pp 53-87. In: Functionality of Food Phytochemicals., T. Johns and J.T. Romeo (eds.). Plenum Press, London.
132. Steck, W., Bailey, B. K., Shyluk, J. P. and Gamborg, O. L. (1971). Coumarins and alkaloids from cell cultures of Ruta graveolens. Phytochemistry, 10: 191-194.
133. Strapkovà, A., Jahodář L. and Nosalovà, G. (1991). Antitussive effect of arbutin. Pharmazie, 46: 611-612.
134. Sumaryono, W., Proksch, P., Hartmann, T., Nimitz, M. and Wray, V. (1991). Induction of rosmarinic acid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Orthosiphon aristatus after treatment with yeast extract. Phytochemistry, 30: 3267-3271.
135. Supniewska, J.H. and Dohnal, B. (1977). Chromatographic study of marmesin and visnagin occurrence in Ammi visnaga Lam. suspension tissue cultures. Acta Soc. Bot. Polon., 46: 559-564.
136. Surowiak, A. (2004). Próby zwiększenia akumulacji kwasów fenolowych w kulturach in vitro Melittis melissophyllum L. Diplom dissertation, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow (Poland).
137. Suzuki, T., Yoshioka, T., Tabata, M. and Fujita, Y. (1987). Potential of Datura innoxia cell suspension cultures for glucosylating hydroquinone. Plant Cell Rep., 6: 275-278.
138. Tabata, M., Umetani, Y., Ooya, M. and Tanaka, S. (1988). Glucosylation of phenolic compounds by plant cell cultures. Phytochemistry, 27: 809-813.
139. Tada, H., Murakami, Y., Omoto, T., Shimomuta, K. and Ishimaru, K. (1996). Rosmarinic acid and related phenolics in hairy root cultures of Ocimum basilicum. Phytochemistry, 42: 431-434.
140. Tietjen, K.G., Hunkler, D. and Matern, U. (1983). Differential Response of Cultured Parsley Cells to Elicitors from two non-pathogenic strains of Fungi. 1. Identification of Induced Products as Coumarin Derivatives. Eur. J. Biochem., 131: 401-407.
141. Tirillini, B. and Ricci, A. (1998). Furocoumarin production by callus tissues of Heracleum sphondylium ssp. sphondylium L. Phytother. Res., 12: S25-S26.
142. Tokarczyk, E. (2004). Badania nad akumulacją kwasów fenolowych i kumaryn w kulturach in vitro Ruta graveolens L. i Ruta graveolens ssp. divaricata(Tenore) Gams. Diplom dissertation, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków (Poland).
143. Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.K., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, J.H. and Webb, D.A. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea, Vol. II, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
144. Ulbrich, B., Wiesner, W. and Arens, H. (1985). Large scale production of rosmarinic acid from plant cell cultures of Coleus blumei Benth. pp 293-303. In: Primary and Secondary Metabolism of Plant Cell Cultures. K.H. Neumann, W. Barz and E. Reinhart (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
145. Vuorela, H., Törnquist, K., Nyiredy, Sz., Sticher, O. and Hiltunen, R. (1988). Calcium antagonistic activity of the main furocoumarins from Peucedanum palustre. pp 44-45. Yearly Congr. Soc. Med. Plant Res., Freiburg (Germany), Thieme, Stuttgart, Abstracts.
146. Weremczuk-Jezyna, I. and Wysokinska, H. (2004). Kwas chlorogenowy w kulturach in vitro Arnica montana L. p 120, In: 53 Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego, Torun, Abstracts.
147. Wichtl, M. (1997). Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 599-602., Stuttgart.
148. Wysokinska, H. and Świątek, L. (1986). Zwiazki fenolowe w kulturach in vitro i roślinach gruntowych Penstemon barbatus Nutt. Acta Polon. Pharm., 43: 623-629.
149. Yang, R. and Shetty, K. (1998). Stimulation of rosmarinic acid in shoot cultures of oregano (Origanum vulgare) clonal line in response to proline, proline analogue, and proline precursors. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46: 2888-2893.
150. Yokoyama, M. and Inomata, S. (1998). Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle): In Vitro Culture and High-Level Production of Arbutin by Biotransformation. pp 67-80. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 41. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, New York.
151. Zachwieja, Z. (1982). Badania nad fenolokwasami pochodnymi kwasu cynamonowego. Habilitation’s Thesis, Medicinal Academy, Kraków (Poland).
152. Zenk, M.H., El-Shagi, H. and Ulbrich, B. (1977). Production of rosmarinic acid by cell suspension cultures of Coleus blumei. Naturwissenschaften, 585-586.
153. Zobel, A.M. and Brown, S.A. (1992). Furanocoumarins on the surface of callus cultures from species of the Rutaceae and Umbelliferae. Can. J. Bot., 71: 966-969.
154. Zou, Z.W., Xu, L.N. and Tian, J.Y. (1993). Antithrombotic and antiplantelet effects of rosmarinic acid, a water soluble component isolated from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Danshen). Acta Pharm. Sin., 28: 241-245.