메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 443-454

How unpredictable is the individual scanning process in socially foraging mammals?

Author keywords

Anti predator behaviour; Exponential distribution; Gamma distribution; Group living; Large mammalian herbivores; Poisson process; Vigilance

Indexed keywords

FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MARSUPIAL; PHYLOGENETICS; POISSON RATIO; PREDATION; PREDATION RISK; RUMINANT; VIGILANCE;

EID: 75549089799     PISSN: 03405443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0860-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0016355478 scopus 로고
    • A new look at statistical model identification
    • Akaike H (1974) A new look at statistical model identification. IEEE T Automat Contr 19: 716-723.
    • (1974) IEEE T Automat Contr , vol.19 , pp. 716-723
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 2
    • 0032879388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting flock vigilance from simple passerine interactions: Modelling with cellular automata
    • Bahr DB, Bekoff M (1999) Predicting flock vigilance from simple passerine interactions: modelling with cellular automata. Anim Behav 58: 831-839.
    • (1999) Anim Behav , vol.58 , pp. 831-839
    • Bahr, D.B.1    Bekoff, M.2
  • 3
    • 0026564226 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance, predator detection and the presence of surpernumerary males in vervet monkey troops
    • Baldellou M, Henzy SP (1992) Vigilance, predator detection and the presence of surpernumerary males in vervet monkey troops. Anim Behav 43: 451-461.
    • (1992) Anim Behav , vol.43 , pp. 451-461
    • Baldellou, M.1    Henzy, S.P.2
  • 4
    • 33644636670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonrandom patterns of vigilance in flocks of the greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber ruber
    • Beauchamp G (2006) Nonrandom patterns of vigilance in flocks of the greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber ruber. Anim Behav 71: 593-598.
    • (2006) Anim Behav , vol.71 , pp. 593-598
    • Beauchamp, G.1
  • 5
    • 63249100831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping gulls monitor the vigilance behaviour of their neighbours
    • Beauchamp G (2009) Sleeping gulls monitor the vigilance behaviour of their neighbours. Biol Lett 5: 9-11.
    • (2009) Biol Lett , vol.5 , pp. 9-11
    • Beauchamp, G.1
  • 6
    • 0030848835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutualism among safe, selfish sentinels: A dynamic game
    • Bednekoff PA (1997) Mutualism among safe, selfish sentinels: a dynamic game. Am Nat 150: 373-392.
    • (1997) Am Nat , vol.150 , pp. 373-392
    • Bednekoff, P.A.1
  • 7
    • 0032125469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomness, chaos and confusion in the study of antipredator vigilance
    • Bednekoff PA, Lima SL (1998a) Randomness, chaos and confusion in the study of antipredator vigilance. Trends Ecol Evol 13: 284-287.
    • (1998) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.13 , pp. 284-287
    • Bednekoff, P.A.1    Lima, S.L.2
  • 8
    • 0032558707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-examining safety in numbers: Interactions between risk dilution and collective detection depend upon predator targeting behaviour
    • Bednekoff PA, Lima SL (1998b) Re-examining safety in numbers: interactions between risk dilution and collective detection depend upon predator targeting behaviour. Proc R Soc B 265: 2021-2026.
    • (1998) Proc R Soc B , vol.265 , pp. 2021-2026
    • Bednekoff, P.A.1    Lima, S.L.2
  • 9
    • 0036272132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are scanning patterns so variable? An overlooked question in the study of anti-predator vigilance
    • Bednekoff PA, Lima SL (2002) Why are scanning patterns so variable? An overlooked question in the study of anti-predator vigilance. J Avian Biol 33: 143-149.
    • (2002) J Avian Biol , vol.33 , pp. 143-149
    • Bednekoff, P.A.1    Lima, S.L.2
  • 10
    • 0028992336 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance, flock size, and flock geometry: Information gathering by western evening grosbeaks (Aves, Fringillidae)
    • Bekoff M (1995) Vigilance, flock size, and flock geometry: information gathering by western evening grosbeaks (Aves, Fringillidae). Ethology 99: 150-161.
    • (1995) Ethology , vol.99 , pp. 150-161
    • Bekoff, M.1
  • 11
    • 58149404011 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance and group size in ostriches
    • Bertram BCR (1980) Vigilance and group size in ostriches. Anim Behav 28: 278-286.
    • (1980) Anim Behav , vol.28 , pp. 278-286
    • Bertram, B.C.R.1
  • 13
    • 0020470578 scopus 로고
    • Flock size and the organization of behavioural sequences in juncos
    • Caraco T (1982) Flock size and the organization of behavioural sequences in juncos. Condor 84: 101-105.
    • (1982) Condor , vol.84 , pp. 101-105
    • Caraco, T.1
  • 15
    • 33644759231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral ecology: Social organization in fission-fusion societies
    • Couzin ID (2006) Behavioral ecology: social organization in fission-fusion societies. Curr Biol 16: 169-171.
    • (2006) Curr Biol , vol.16 , pp. 169-171
    • Couzin, I.D.1
  • 16
    • 0000131016 scopus 로고
    • Socially induced flight reactions in pigeons
    • Davis JM (1975) Socially induced flight reactions in pigeons. Anim Behav 23: 597-601.
    • (1975) Anim Behav , vol.23 , pp. 597-601
    • Davis, J.M.1
  • 17
    • 84947590162 scopus 로고
    • Collective patterns and decision-making
    • Deneubourg JL, Goss S (1989) Collective patterns and decision-making. Ethol Ecol Evol 1: 295-311.
    • (1989) Ethol Ecol Evol , vol.1 , pp. 295-311
    • Deneubourg, J.L.1    Goss, S.2
  • 20
    • 0028140859 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance patterns in birds: Randomness or predictability?
    • Desportes JP, Cézilly F, Metcalfe NB (1994) Vigilance patterns in birds: randomness or predictability? Anim Behav 48: 226-227.
    • (1994) Anim Behav , vol.48 , pp. 226-227
    • Desportes, J.P.1    Cézilly, F.2    Metcalfe, N.B.3
  • 21
    • 0022832582 scopus 로고
    • The influence of group size on predation scanning and foraging behaviour of wedgecapped capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceus)
    • De Ruiter J (1986) The influence of group size on predation scanning and foraging behaviour of wedgecapped capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceus). Behaviour 98: 240-258.
    • (1986) Behaviour , vol.98 , pp. 240-258
    • de Ruiter, J.1
  • 22
    • 33747361077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vigilance and collective detection of predators in degus (Octodon degus)
    • Ebensperger LA, Hurtado MJ, Ramos-Jiliberto R (2006) Vigilance and collective detection of predators in degus (Octodon degus). Ethology 112: 879-887.
    • (2006) Ethology , vol.112 , pp. 879-887
    • Ebensperger, L.A.1    Hurtado, M.J.2    Ramos-Jiliberto, R.3
  • 23
    • 0024857149 scopus 로고
    • Predator vigilance and group size in mammals and birds: A critical review of the empirical evidence
    • Elgar MA (1989) Predator vigilance and group size in mammals and birds: a critical review of the empirical evidence. Biol Rev 64: 13-33.
    • (1989) Biol Rev , vol.64 , pp. 13-33
    • Elgar, M.A.1
  • 24
    • 0021534154 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance and perception of flock size in foraging house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
    • Elgar MA, Burren PJ, Posen M (1984) Vigilance and perception of flock size in foraging house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Behaviour 90: 215-223.
    • (1984) Behaviour , vol.90 , pp. 215-223
    • Elgar, M.A.1    Burren, P.J.2    Posen, M.3
  • 26
    • 0037911570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of group size on individual and collective vigilance in greater rheas
    • Fernández GJ, Capurro AF, Reboreda JC (2003) Effect of group size on individual and collective vigilance in greater rheas. Ethology 109: 413-425.
    • (2003) Ethology , vol.109 , pp. 413-425
    • Fernández, G.J.1    Capurro, A.F.2    Reboreda, J.C.3
  • 27
    • 8144226478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When are two heads better than one? Visual perception and information transfer affect vigilance coordination in foraging groups
    • Fernández-Juricic E, Kerr B, Bednekoff PA, Stephens DW (2004a) When are two heads better than one? Visual perception and information transfer affect vigilance coordination in foraging groups. Behav Ecol 15: 898-906.
    • (2004) Behav Ecol , vol.15 , pp. 898-906
    • Fernández-Juricic, E.1    Kerr, B.2    Bednekoff, P.A.3    Stephens, D.W.4
  • 28
    • 12144287829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flock density, social foraging: An experiment with startlings
    • Fernández-Juricic E, Siller S, Kacelnik A (2004b) Flock density, social foraging: an experiment with startlings. Behav Ecol 55: 502-511.
    • (2004) Behav Ecol , vol.55 , pp. 502-511
    • Fernández-Juricic, E.1    Siller, S.2    Kacelnik, A.3
  • 30
    • 0037195887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential disadvantages of using socially acquired information
    • Giraldeau LA, Valone T, Templeton JJ (2002) Potential disadvantages of using socially acquired information. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 357: 1559-1566.
    • (2002) Phil Trans R Soc Lond B , vol.357 , pp. 1559-1566
    • Giraldeau, L.A.1    Valone, T.2    Templeton, J.J.3
  • 31
    • 0021533063 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance and scanning patterns in birds
    • Hart A, Lendrem DW (1984) Vigilance and scanning patterns in birds. Anim Behav 32: 1216-1224.
    • (1984) Anim Behav , vol.32 , pp. 1216-1224
    • Hart, A.1    Lendrem, D.W.2
  • 32
    • 0027045937 scopus 로고
    • Biological basis of grooming behaviour in antelopes: The body-size, vigilance and habitat principles
    • Hart BL, Hart LA, Mooring MS, Olubayo R (1992) Biological basis of grooming behaviour in antelopes: the body-size, vigilance and habitat principles. Anim Behav 44: 615-631.
    • (1992) Anim Behav , vol.44 , pp. 615-631
    • Hart, B.L.1    Hart, L.A.2    Mooring, M.S.3    Olubayo, R.4
  • 33
    • 33745587314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an individual-level understanding of vigilance: The role of social information
    • Jackson AL, Ruxton GD (2006) Toward an individual-level understanding of vigilance: the role of social information. Behav Ecol 17: 532-538.
    • (2006) Behav Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 532-538
    • Jackson, A.L.1    Ruxton, G.D.2
  • 34
    • 0000226684 scopus 로고
    • Group size and activity in eastern grey kangaroos
    • Jarman PJ (1987) Group size and activity in eastern grey kangaroos. Anim Behav 35: 1044-1050.
    • (1987) Anim Behav , vol.35 , pp. 1044-1050
    • Jarman, P.J.1
  • 35
    • 0000269577 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and adaptiveness of grouping in macropods
    • G. Grigg, P. Jarman, and I. Hume (Eds.), Sydney: Surrey Beatty
    • Jarman PJ, Coulson G (1989) Dynamics and adaptiveness of grouping in macropods. In: Grigg G, Jarman P, Hume I (eds) Kangaroos, wallabies and rat kangaroos. Surrey Beatty, Sydney, pp 527-548.
    • (1989) Kangaroos, Wallabies and Rat Kangaroos , pp. 527-548
    • Jarman, P.J.1    Coulson, G.2
  • 36
    • 0001149388 scopus 로고
    • Visual monitoring in social groups of talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus talapoin)
    • Keverne EB, Leonard RA, Scruton DM, Young SK (1978) Visual monitoring in social groups of talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus talapoin). Anim Behav 26: 933-944.
    • (1978) Anim Behav , vol.26 , pp. 933-944
    • Keverne, E.B.1    Leonard, R.A.2    Scruton, D.M.3    Young, S.K.4
  • 37
    • 0000483833 scopus 로고
    • The early warning function of flocking in birds: An experimental study with captive quelea
    • Lazarus J (1979) The early warning function of flocking in birds: an experimental study with captive quelea. Anim Behav 27: 855-865.
    • (1979) Anim Behav , vol.27 , pp. 855-865
    • Lazarus, J.1
  • 38
    • 0002261472 scopus 로고
    • Predation risk and vigilance in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus)
    • Lendrem DW (1983) Predation risk and vigilance in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 14: 9-13.
    • (1983) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.14 , pp. 9-13
    • Lendrem, D.W.1
  • 39
    • 0001536313 scopus 로고
    • Scanning for predators in the purple sandpiper: A time-dependent or time-independent process?
    • Lendrem DW, Stretch D, Metcalfe N, Jones P (1986) Scanning for predators in the purple sandpiper: a time-dependent or time-independent process? Anim Behav 32: 986-993.
    • (1986) Anim Behav , vol.32 , pp. 986-993
    • Lendrem, D.W.1    Stretch, D.2    Metcalfe, N.3    Jones, P.4
  • 40
    • 0001115835 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance while feeding and its relation to the risk of predation
    • Lima SL (1987) Vigilance while feeding and its relation to the risk of predation. J Theor Biol 124: 303-316.
    • (1987) J Theor Biol , vol.124 , pp. 303-316
    • Lima, S.L.1
  • 41
    • 0028977006 scopus 로고
    • Back to the basics of anti-predatory vigilance: The group size effect
    • Lima SL (1995a) Back to the basics of anti-predatory vigilance: the group size effect. Anim Behav 49: 11-20.
    • (1995) Anim Behav , vol.49 , pp. 11-20
    • Lima, S.L.1
  • 42
    • 0028982414 scopus 로고
    • Collective detection of predatory attack by social foragers: Fraught with ambiguity?
    • Lima SL (1995b) Collective detection of predatory attack by social foragers: fraught with ambiguity? Anim Behav 50: 1097-1108.
    • (1995) Anim Behav , vol.50 , pp. 1097-1108
    • Lima, S.L.1
  • 46
    • 0024943937 scopus 로고
    • A sentinel system in the Florida scrub jay
    • McGowan KJ, Woolfenden GE (1989) A sentinel system in the Florida scrub jay. Anim Behav 37: 1000-1006.
    • (1989) Anim Behav , vol.37 , pp. 1000-1006
    • McGowan, K.J.1    Woolfenden, G.E.2
  • 47
    • 0033515748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexity, pattern, and evolutionary trade-offs in animal aggregation
    • Parrish JK, Edelstein-Keshet L (1999) Complexity, pattern, and evolutionary trade-offs in animal aggregation. Science 284: 99-101.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 99-101
    • Parrish, J.K.1    Edelstein-Keshet, L.2
  • 48
    • 38849156372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does sex affect both individual and collective vigilance in social mammalian herbivores: The case of the eastern grey kangaroo?
    • Pays O, Jarman PJ (2008) Does sex affect both individual and collective vigilance in social mammalian herbivores: the case of the eastern grey kangaroo? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 62: 757-767.
    • (2008) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.62 , pp. 757-767
    • Pays, O.1    Jarman, P.J.2
  • 49
    • 34047098688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination, independence or synchronisation of individual vigilance in the eastern grey kangaroo?
    • Pays O, Jarman PJ, Loisel P, Gerard JF (2007a) Coordination, independence or synchronisation of individual vigilance in the eastern grey kangaroo? Anim Behav 73: 595-604.
    • (2007) Anim Behav , vol.73 , pp. 595-604
    • Pays, O.1    Jarman, P.J.2    Loisel, P.3    Gerard, J.F.4
  • 51
    • 35848940732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of group formation in large mammalian herbivores: An analysis in the European roe deer
    • Pays O, Benhamou S, Helder R, Gerard JF (2007c) The dynamics of group formation in large mammalian herbivores: an analysis in the European roe deer. Anim Behav 74: 1429-1441.
    • (2007) Anim Behav , vol.74 , pp. 1429-1441
    • Pays, O.1    Benhamou, S.2    Helder, R.3    Gerard, J.F.4
  • 52
    • 58149215997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vigilance and its complex synchrony in the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis
    • Pays O, Dubot AL, Jarman PJ, Loisel P, Goldizen AW (2009a) Vigilance and its complex synchrony in the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis. Behav Ecol 20: 22-29.
    • (2009) Behav Ecol , vol.20 , pp. 22-29
    • Pays, O.1    Dubot, A.L.2    Jarman, P.J.3    Loisel, P.4    Goldizen, A.W.5
  • 53
    • 66149111768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of social facilitation on vigilance in eastern gray kangaroo, Macropus giganteus
    • Pays O, Goulard M, Blomberg SP, Goldizen AW, Sirot E, Jarman PJ (2009b) The effect of social facilitation on vigilance in eastern gray kangaroo, Macropus giganteus. Behav Ecol 20: 469-477.
    • (2009) Behav Ecol , vol.20 , pp. 469-477
    • Pays, O.1    Goulard, M.2    Blomberg, S.P.3    Goldizen, A.W.4    Sirot, E.5    Jarman, P.J.6
  • 54
    • 0015579784 scopus 로고
    • On the advantages of flocking
    • Pulliam HR (1973) On the advantages of flocking. J Theor Biol 38: 419-422.
    • (1973) J Theor Biol , vol.38 , pp. 419-422
    • Pulliam, H.R.1
  • 55
    • 0027084794 scopus 로고
    • Temporal and sequential structure of vigilance behaviour of wild boars (Sus scrofa)
    • Quenette PY, Desportes JD (1992) Temporal and sequential structure of vigilance behaviour of wild boars (Sus scrofa). J Mammal 73: 535-540.
    • (1992) J Mammal , vol.73 , pp. 535-540
    • Quenette, P.Y.1    Desportes, J.D.2
  • 56
    • 0030617059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual, seasonal and group size differences in the allocation of time between vigilance and feeding in the greater rhea, Rhea americana
    • Reboreda JC, Fernández GJ (1997) Sexual, seasonal and group size differences in the allocation of time between vigilance and feeding in the greater rhea, Rhea americana. Ethology 103: 198-207.
    • (1997) Ethology , vol.103 , pp. 198-207
    • Reboreda, J.C.1    Fernández, G.J.2
  • 58
    • 0028161705 scopus 로고
    • When to scan: An analysis of predictability in vigilance sequences using autoregression models
    • Roberts G (1994) When to scan: an analysis of predictability in vigilance sequences using autoregression models. Anim Behav 48: 579-585.
    • (1994) Anim Behav , vol.48 , pp. 579-585
    • Roberts, G.1
  • 59
    • 0030131629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases
    • Roberts G (1996a) Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases. Anim Behav 51: 1077-1086.
    • (1996) Anim Behav , vol.51 , pp. 1077-1086
    • Roberts, G.1
  • 60
    • 0030152035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for patterns in sequences of vigilance behaviour
    • Roberts G (1996b) Testing for patterns in sequences of vigilance behaviour. Anim Behav 51: 1179-1182.
    • (1996) Anim Behav , vol.51 , pp. 1179-1182
    • Roberts, G.1
  • 61
    • 53149112343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary stability of vigilance coordination among social foragers
    • Rodríguez-Gironés MA, Vásquez RA (2002) Evolutionary stability of vigilance coordination among social foragers. Proc R Soc B 269: 1803-1810.
    • (2002) Proc R Soc B , vol.269 , pp. 1803-1810
    • Rodríguez-Gironés, M.A.1    Vásquez, R.A.2
  • 62
    • 0028977043 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance in white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus, in Costa Rica
    • Rose LM, Fedigan LM (1995) Vigilance in white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus, in Costa Rica. Anim Behav 49: 63-70.
    • (1995) Anim Behav , vol.49 , pp. 63-70
    • Rose, L.M.1    Fedigan, L.M.2
  • 63
    • 0030069261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group size and anti-predator vigilance: A simple model requiring limited monitoring of other group members
    • Ruxton GD (1996) Group size and anti-predator vigilance: a simple model requiring limited monitoring of other group members. Anim Behav 51: 478-481.
    • (1996) Anim Behav , vol.51 , pp. 478-481
    • Ruxton, G.D.1
  • 64
    • 0033083834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are vigilance sequences a consequence of intrinsic chaos or external changes?
    • Ruxton GD, Roberts G (1999) Are vigilance sequences a consequence of intrinsic chaos or external changes? Anim Behav 57: 493-495.
    • (1999) Anim Behav , vol.57 , pp. 493-495
    • Ruxton, G.D.1    Roberts, G.2
  • 65
    • 0035819798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prey scan at random to evade observant predators
    • Scannell J, Roberts G, Lazarus J (2001) Prey scan at random to evade observant predators. Proc R Soc B 268: 541-547.
    • (2001) Proc R Soc B , vol.268 , pp. 541-547
    • Scannell, J.1    Roberts, G.2    Lazarus, J.3
  • 66
    • 33746612761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social information, antipredatory vigilance and flight in bird flocks
    • Sirot E (2006) Social information, antipredatory vigilance and flight in bird flocks. Anim Behav 72: 373-382.
    • (2006) Anim Behav , vol.72 , pp. 373-382
    • Sirot, E.1
  • 67
    • 58749109277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination and synchronization of vigilance in groups of prey: The role of collective detection and predators' preference for stragglers
    • Sirot E, Touzalin F (2009) Coordination and synchronization of vigilance in groups of prey: the role of collective detection and predators' preference for stragglers. Am Nat 173: 47-59.
    • (2009) Am Nat , vol.173 , pp. 47-59
    • Sirot, E.1    Touzalin, F.2
  • 68
    • 0001015958 scopus 로고
    • Group size and predator surveillance in foraging house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
    • Studd M, Montgomerie RD, Robertson RJ (1983) Group size and predator surveillance in foraging house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Can J Zool 61: 226-231.
    • (1983) Can J Zool , vol.61 , pp. 226-231
    • Studd, M.1    Montgomerie, R.D.2    Robertson, R.J.3
  • 69
    • 0001486384 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance patterns in downy woodpeckers
    • Sullivan KA (1985) Vigilance patterns in downy woodpeckers. Anim Behav 33: 328-329.
    • (1985) Anim Behav , vol.33 , pp. 328-329
    • Sullivan, K.A.1
  • 70
    • 0028011283 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance in the interpretation of spectral analyses
    • Suter RB, Forrest TG (1994) Vigilance in the interpretation of spectral analyses. Anim Behav 48: 224-226.
    • (1994) Anim Behav , vol.48 , pp. 224-226
    • Suter, R.B.1    Forrest, T.G.2
  • 71
    • 0034490811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory and method in studies of vigilance and aggregation
    • Treves A (2000) Theory and method in studies of vigilance and aggregation. Anim Behav 60: 711-722.
    • (2000) Anim Behav , vol.60 , pp. 711-722
    • Treves, A.1
  • 72
    • 0002406438 scopus 로고
    • Why birds do not coordinate their vigilance
    • Ward P (1985) Why birds do not coordinate their vigilance. J Theor Biol 114: 383-385.
    • (1985) J Theor Biol , vol.114 , pp. 383-385
    • Ward, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.