Psychotropic medications in palliative care

Primary Psychiatry

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 25-32

  Garcia, Carla ^a   Lynn, Rachel ^a   Breitbart, William ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ARIPIPRAZOLE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CITALOPRAM; CLONAZEPAM; DEXAMETHASONE; DROPERIDOL; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; FLUPHENAZINE; HALOPERIDOL; LEVOMEPROMAZINE; LORAZEPAM; METOCLOPRAMIDE; MIDAZOLAM; MORPHINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PAROXETINE; PERPHENAZINE; PROCHLORPERAZINE; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; SERTRALINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZIPRASIDONE; ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; AKATHISIA; AMNESIA; ATAXIA; CANCER PAIN; CARDIOTOXICITY; CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED EMESIS; DELIRIUM; DEPRESSION; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG TOLERANCE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; HYPERREFLEXIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; MENTAL HEALTH; MOOD; NAUSEA; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; PAIN; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; QT PROLONGATION; REVIEW; SEDATION; SEROTONIN SYNDROME; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREMOR; VOMITING; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

EID: 75449107164     PISSN: 10826319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Chochinov H, Breitbart W, eds. Handbook of Psychiatry in Palliative Medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2009
2. Stahl SM. Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2008.
3. Breitbart W, Alici Y. Agitation and delirium at the end of life: "we couldn't manage him". JAMA. 2008;300(24):2898-2910.
4. Lawlor PG, Gagnon B, Mancini IL, et al. Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(6):786-794.
5. Michaud L, Burnand B, Stiefel F. Taking care of the terminally ill cancer patient: Delirium as a symptom of terminal disease. Ann Oncol. 2004;15 suppl 4:iv199-203.
6. Massie MJ, Holland J, Glass E. Delirium in terminally ill cancer patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1983;140(8):1048-1050.
7. Pereira J, Hanson J, Bruera E. The frequency and clinical course of cognitive impairment in patients with terminal cancer. Cancer. 1997;79(4):835-842.
8. Bruera E, Miller L, McCallion J, Macmillan K, Krefting L, Hanson J. Cognitive failure in patients with terminal cancer: a prospective study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1992;7(4):192-195.
9. Spiller JA, Keen JC. Hypoactive delirium: assessing the extent of the problem for inpatient specialist palliative care. Palliat Med. 2006;20(1):17-23.
10. Gagnon P, Allard P, Mâsse B, DeSerres M. Delirium in terminal cancer: a prospective study using daily screening, early diagnosis, and continuous monitoring. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000;19(6):412-426.
11. Fang C, Chen H, Liu S, Lin C, Tsai L, Lai Y. Prevalence, detection and treatment of delirium in terminal cancer inpatients: a prospective survey. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2008;38(1):56-63.
12. Gagnon PR. Treatment of delirium in supportive and palliative care. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2008;2(1):60-66.
13. Leonard M, Agar M, Mason C, Lawlor P. Delirium issues in palliative care settings. J Psychosom Res. 2008;65(3):289-298.
14. Breitbart W, Freidlander M, Lawlor P. Delirium in the terminally ill. In: Chochinov H, Breitbart W, eds. Handbook of Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; In press.
15. Tune L. The role of antipsychotics in treating delirium. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2002;4(3):209-212.
16. Breitbart W, Marotta R, Platt MM, et al. A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(2):231-237.
17. Fernandez F, Levy JK, Mansell PW. Management of delirium in terminally ill AIDS patients. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1989;19(2):165-172.
18. Jackson KC, Lipman AG. Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(2):CD004770.
19. Breitbart W. Psychiatric management of cancer pain. Cancer. 1989;63(11 suppl):2336-2342.
20. Platt MM, Breitbart W, Smith M, Marotta R, Weisman H, Jacobsen PB. Efficacy of neuroleptics for hypoactive delirium. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1994;6(1):66-67.
21. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with delirium. American Psychiatric Association. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156(5 suppl):1-20.
22. Oliver DJ. The use of methotrimeprazine in terminal care. Br J Clin Pract. 1985;39(9):339-340.
23. Joshi N, Breibart WS. Psychopharmacologic management during cancer treatment. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2003;8(4):241-252.
24. Tarumi Y, Watanabe S. The potential role of zuclopenthixol acetate in the management of refractory hyperactive delirium at the end of life. Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;35(4):336-339.
25. Boettger S, Breitbart W. Atypical antipsychotics in the management of delirium: a review of the empirical literature. Palliat Support Care. 2005;3(3):227-237.
26. Sipahimalani A, Masand PS. Use of risperidone in delirium: case reports. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1997;9(2):105-107.
27. Liu CY, Juang YY, Liang HY, Lin NC, Yeh EK. Efficacy of risperidone in treating the hyperactive symptoms of delirium. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;19(3):165-168.
28. Parellada E, Baeza I, de Pablo J, Martínez G. Risperidone in the treatment of patients with delirium. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(3):348-353.
29. Han CS, Kim YK. A double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics. 2004;45(4):297-301.
30. Horikawa N, Yamazaki T, Miyamoto K, et al. Treatment for delirium with risperidone: Results of a prospective open trial with 10 patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2003;25(4):289-292.
31. Mittal D, Jimerson NA, Neely EP, et al. Risperidone in the treatment of delirium: Results from a prospective open-label trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(5):662-667.
32. Breitbart W, Tremblay A, Gibson C. An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosomatics. 2002;43(3):175-182.
33. Sipahimalani A, Masand PS. Olanzapine in the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics. 1998;39(5):422-430.
34. Skrobik YK, Bergeron N, Dumont M, Gottfried SB. Olanzapine vs haloperidol: treating delirium in a critical care setting. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(3):444-449.
35. Pae CU, Lee SJ, Lee CU, Lee C, Paik IH. A pilot trial of quetiapine for the treatment of patients with delirium. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004;19(2):125-127.
36. Schwartz TL, Masand PS. Treatment of delirium with quetiapine. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;2(1):10-12.
37. Alao AO, Moskowitz L. Aripiprazole and delirium. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2006;18(4):267-269.
38. Leso L, Schwartz TL. Ziprasidone treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics. 2002;43(1):61-62.
39. Young CC, Lujan E. Intravenous ziprasidone for treatment of delirium in the intensive care unit. Anesthesiology. 2004;101(3):794-795.
40. Straker DA, Shapiro PA, Muskin PR. Aripiprazole in the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics. 2006;47(5):385-391.
41. Breitbart W, Passik SD, Casper D. Psychological and psychiatric interventions in pain control. In: Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny NI, Calman K, eds. The Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. 4th ed, New York, NY: Oxford University Press. In press.
42. Weiss SC, Emanuel LL, Fairclough DL, Emanuel EJ. Understanding the experience of pain in terminally ill patients. Lancet. 2001;357(9265):1311-1315.
43. Seidel S, Aigner M, Ossege M, Pernicka E, Wildner B, Sycha T. Antipsychotics for acute and chronic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD004844.
44. Langohr HD, Stöhr M, Petruch F. An open and double-blind cross-over study on the efficacy of clomipramine (anafranil) in patients with painful mono- and polyneuropathies. Eur Neurol. 1982;21(5):309-317.
45. Khojainova N, Santiago-Palma J, Kornick C, Breitbart W, Gonzales GR. Olanzapine in the management of cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;23(4):346-350.
46. Glare P, Pereira G, Kristjanson LJ, Stockler M, Tattersall M. Systematic review of the efficacy of antiemetics in the treatment of nausea in patients with far-advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2004;12(6):432-440.
47. Weschules DJ. Tolerability of the compound ABHR in hospice patients. J Palliat Med. 2005;8(6):1135-1143.
48. Jackson WC, Tavernier L. Olanzapine for intractable nausea in palliative care patients. J Palliat Med. 2003;6(2):251-255.
49. National Cancer Institute. Nausea and Vomiting PDQ. Health Professional Version. Available at: www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/nausea/ HealthProfessional. Accessed March 23, 2009.
50. Srivastava M, Brito-Dellan N, Davis MP, Leach M, Lagman R. Olanzapine as an antiemetic in refractory nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25(6):578-582.
51. Plotkin DA, Plotkin D, Okun R. Haloperidol in the treatment of nausea and vomiting due to cytotoxic drug administration. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1973;15(9):599-602.
52. Kelley SL, Braun TJ, Meyer TJ, Rempel P, Pearlman NW. Trial of droperidol as an antiemetic in cisplatin chemotherapy. Cancer Treat Rep. 1986;70(4):469-472.
53. Mason BA, Dambra J, Grossman B, Catalano RB. Effective control of cisplatin-induced nausea using high-dose steroids and droperidol. Cancer Treat Rep. 1982;66(2):243-245.
54. Navari RM, Einhorn LH, Passik SD, et al. A phase II trial of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Hoosier Oncology Group study. Support Care Cancer. 2005;13(7):529-534.
55. Passik SD, Lundberg J, Kirsh KL, et al. A pilot exploration of the antiemetic activity of olanzapine for the relief of nausea in patients with advanced cancer and pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;23(6):526-532.
56. Bymaster FP, Falcone JF, Bauzon D, et al. Potent antagonism of 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(6) receptors by olanzapine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;430(2-3):341-349.
57. Cowan JD, Walsh D. Terminal sedation in palliative medicine--definition and review of the literature. Support Care Cancer. 2001;9(6):403-407.
58. Reuzel RP, Hasselaar GJ, Vissers KC, van der Wilt GJ, Groenewoud JM, Crul BJ. Inappropriateness of using opioids for end-stage palliative sedation: a Dutch study. Palliat Med. 2008;22(5):641-646.
59. Cowan JD, Palmer TW. Practical guide to palliative sedation. Curr Oncol Rep. 2002;4(3):242-249.
60. Daud ML. Drug management of terminal symptoms in advanced cancer patients. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2007;1(3):202-206.
61. Lagman RL, Davis MP, LeGrand SB, Walsh D. Common symptoms in advanced cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 2005;85(2):237-255.
62. Menza MA, Murray GB, Holmes VF, Rafuls WA. Controlled study of extrapyramidal reactions in the management of delirious, medically ill patients: intravenous haloperidol versus intravenous haloperidol plus benzodiazepines. Heart Lung. 1988;17(3):238-241.
63. Coda BA, Mackie A, Hill HF. Influence of alprazolam on opioid analgesia and side effects during steady-state morphine infusions. Pain. 1992;50(3):309-316.
64. Breitbart W, Gibson C. Psychiatric aspects of cancer pain management. Primary Psychiatry. 2007;14(9):81-91.
65. Fernandez F, Adams F, Holmes VF. Analgesic effect of alprazolam in patients with chronic, organic pain of malignant origin. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1987;7(3):167-169.
66. Caccia MR. Clonazepam in facial neuralgia and cluster headache. Clinical and electrophysiological study. Eur Neurol. 1975;13(6):560-563.
67. Swerdlow M, Cundill JG. Anticonvulsant drugs used in the treatment of lancinating pain. A comparison. Anaesthesia. 1981;36(12):1129-1132.
68. Greenberg DB, Surman OS, Clarke J, Baer L. Alprazolam for phobic nausea and vomiting related to cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Treat Rep. 1987;71(5):549-550.
69. Mori K, Saito Y, Tominaga K. Antiemetic efficacy of alprazolam in the combination of metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone. Double-blind randomized crossover study in patients with cisplatin-induced emesis. Am J Clin Oncol. 1993;16(4):338-341.
70. Potanovich LM, Pisters KM, Kris MG, et al. Midazolam in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy and antiemetics. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1993;8(8):519-524.
71. Kris MG, Gralla RJ, Clark RA, et al. Consecutive dose-finding trials adding lorazepam to the combination of metoclopramide plus dexamethasone: improved subjective effectiveness over the combination of diphenhydramine plus metoclopramide plus dexamethasone. Cancer Treat Rep. 1985;69(11):1257- 1262.
72. Bishop JF, Olver IN, Wolf MM, et al. Lorazepam: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of a new antiemetic in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and prochlorperazine. J Clin Oncol. 1984;2(6):691-695.
73. Hasselaar JG, Reuzel RP, Verhagen SC, de Graeff A, Vissers KC, Crul BJ. Improving prescription in palliative sedation: compliance with Dutch guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(11):1166-1171.
74. Miller K, Massie MJ. Depression and anxiety. Cancer J. 2006;12(5):388-397.
75. Jackson N, Doherty J, Coulter S. Neuropsychiatric complications of commonly used palliative care drugs. Postgrad Med J. 2008;84(989):121- 126.
76. Brugha TS. Depression in the terminally ill. Br J Hosp Med. 1993;50(4):175,177-181.
77. Wilson KG, Chochinov HM, Skirko MG, et al. Depression and anxiety disorders in palliative cancer care. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007;33(2):118-129.
78. Breitbart W, Alici-Evcimen Y, Rueda-Lara M. Lederberg M. Psycho-oncology. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, eds. Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 8th ed. New York, NY: Lippincott, Wilkins and Williams. In press.
79. Block SD. Assessing and managing depression in the terminally ill patient. ACP-ASIM end-of-life care consensus panel. American College of Physicians - American Society of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(3):209-218.
80. Reich M. Depression and cancer: recent data on clinical issues, research challenges and treatment approaches. Curr Opin Oncol. 2008;20(4):353-359.
81. Shimizu K, Akechi T, Shimamoto M, et al. Can psychiatric intervention improve major depression in very near end-of-life cancer patients? Palliat Support Care. 2007;5(1):3-9.
82. O'Mahony S, Goulet J, Kornblith A, et al. Desire for hastened death, cancer pain and depression: report of a longitudinal observational study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005;29(5):446-457.
83. Fisch MJ, Loehrer PJ, Kristeller J, et al. Fluoxetine versus placebo in advanced cancer outpatients: a double-blinded trial of the Hoosier Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(10):1937-1943.
84. Holland JC, Romano SJ, Heiligenstein JH, Tepner RG, Wilson MG. A controlled trial of fluoxetine and desipramine in depressed women with advanced cancer. Psychooncology. 1998;7(4):291-300.
85. Kast RE. Mirtazapine may be useful in treating nausea and insomnia of cancer chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2001;9(6):469-470.
86. Max MB, Culnane M, Schafer SC, et al. Amitriptyline relieves diabetic neuropathy pain in patients with normal or depressed mood. Neurology. 1987;37(4):589-596.
87. Malseed RT, Goldstein FJ. Enhancement of morphine analgesia by tricyclic antidepressants. Neuropharmacology. 1979;18(10):827-829.
88. McQuay HJ, Carroll D, Glynn CJ. Dose-response for analgesic effect of amitriptyline in chronic pain. Anaesthesia. 1993;48(4):281-285.
89. Spiegel K, Kalb R, Pasternak GW. Analgesic activity of tricyclic antidepressants. Ann Neurol. 1983;13(4):462-465.
90. Hameroff SR, Cork RC, Scherer K, et al. Doxepin effects on chronic pain, depression and plasma opioids. J Clin Psychiatry. 1982;43(8 Pt 2):22-27.
91. Pilowsky I, Hallett EC, Bassett DL, Thomas PG, Penhall RK. A controlled study of amitriptyline in the treatment of chronic pain. Pain. 1982;14(2):169-179.
92. Hynes MD, Lochner MA, Bemis KG, Hymson DL. Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake, potentiates morphine analgesia without altering its discriminative stimulus properties or affinity for opioid receptors. Life Sci. 1985;36(24):2317-2323.
93. Sindrup SH, Gram LF, Brøsen K, Eshøj O, Mogensen EF. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine is effective in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy symptoms. Pain. 1990;42(2):135-144.
94. Sindrup SH, Bjerre U, Dejgaard A, Brøsen K, Aaes-Jørgensen T, Gram LF. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram relieves the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992;52(5):547-552.
95. Breitbart W, Alici Y. Pharmacologic treatment options for cancer-related fatigue: current state of clinical research. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2008;12(5 suppl):27-36.
96. Mock V. Evidence-based treatment for cancer-related fatigue. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2004;(32):112-118.
97. Cella D, Davis K, Breitbart W, Curt G. Cancer-related fatigue: Prevalence of proposed diagnostic criteria in a united states sample of cancer survivors. Journal of clinical oncology 2001;19:3385.
98. Moss EL, Simpson JS, Pelletier G, Forsyth P. An open-label study of the effects of bupropion SR on fatigue, depression and quality of life of mixed-site cancer patients and their partners. Psychooncology. 2006;15(3):259-267.
99. Cullum JL, Wojciechowski AE, Pelletier G, Simpson JS. Bupropion sustained release treatment reduces fatigue in cancer patients. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49(2):139-144.
100. Morrow GR, Hickok JT, Roscoe JA, et al. Differential effects of paroxetine on fatigue and depression: A randomized, double-blind trial from the university of rochester cancer center community clinical oncology program. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(24):4635-4641.
101. Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Hickok JT, et al. Effect of paroxetine hydrochloride (paxil) on fatigue and depression in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;89(3):243-9.
102. Capuron L, Gumnick JF, Musselman DL, et al. Neurobehavioral effects of interferon-alpha in cancer patients: Phenomenology and paroxetine responsiveness of symptom dimensions. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002;26(5):643-652.
103. Rozans M, Dreisbach A, Lertora JJ, Kahn MJ. Palliative uses of methylphenidate in patients with cancer: a review. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(1):335-339.
104. Fisch M. Use of antidepressants for depression in patients with advanced cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(7):567-568.
105. Sood A, Barton DL, Loprinzi CL. Use of methylphenidate in patients with cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2006;23(1):35-40.
106. Lawrie I, Lloyd-Williams M, Taylor F. How do palliative medicine physicians assess and manage depression? Palliat Med. 2004;18(3):234-238.
107. Lloyd-Williams M, Friedman T, Rudd N. A survey of antidepressant prescribing in the terminally ill. Palliat Med. 1999;13(3):243-248.
108. Macleod AD. Methylphenidate in terminal depression. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1998;16(3):193-198.
109. Bruera E, Brenneis C, Paterson AH, MacDonald RN. Use of methylphenidate as an adjuvant to narcotic analgesics in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1989;4(1):3-6.
110. Bruera E, Chadwick S, Brenneis C, Hanson J, MacDonald RN. Methylphenidate associated with narcotics for the treatment of cancer pain. Cancer Treat Rep. 1987;71(1):67-70.
111. Bruera E, Fainsinger R, MacEachern T, Hanson J. The use of methylphenidate in patients with incident cancer pain receiving regular opiates. A preliminary report. Pain. 1992;50(1):75-77.
112. Forrest WH, Brown BW, Brown CR, et al. Dextroamphetamine with morphine for the treatment of postoperative pain. N Engl J Med. 1977;296(13):712-715.
113. Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA, Homsi J, LeGrand S, Davis MP. Methylphenidate for fatigue in advanced cancer: a prospective open-label pilot study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2001;18(3):187-192.
114. Sugawara Y, Akechi T, Shima Y, et al. Efficacy of methylphenidate for fatigue in advanced cancer patients: a preliminary study. Palliat Med. 2002;16(3):261-263.
115. MacAllister WS, Krupp LB. Multiple sclerosis-related fatigue. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2005;16(2):483-502.