2010 guide to psychiatric drug interactions

Primary Psychiatry

Volumn 16, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 45-74

  Preskorn, Sheldon H ^a   Flockhart, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE WICHITA   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ASENAPINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CETIRIZINE; CIMETIDINE; CLOPIDOGREL; DESVENLAFAXINE; DEXTRORPHAN; DIGOXIN; FANAPT; FEXOFENADINE; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; ILOPERIDONE; IMIPRAMINE; KETOCONAZOLE; METFORMIN; MILNACIPRAN; PALIPERIDONE; PAROXETINE; PLACEBO; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; RANITIDINE; RISPERIDONE; SALBUTAMOL SULFATE; SAVELLA; TAMSULOSIN; TERFENADINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; VARENICLINE; VENLAFAXINE; WARFARIN;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INTERACTION; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG SAFETY; EDUCATION; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; FIBROMYALGIA; GOAL ATTAINMENT; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; MANIA; MEDICAL LIABILITY; MEDICATION ERROR; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; MORBIDITY; PHARMACODYNAMICS; POLYPHARMACY; PRESCRIPTION; QT PROLONGATION; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 75349110222     PISSN: 10826319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Voltaire. 1694-1788.
2. Bean R, ed. Sir William Osler: Aphorisms from His Bedside, Teaching and Writings. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1951.
3. Sternbach H. The serotonin syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148(6):705-713.
4. Olfson M, Marcus SC. National patterns in antidepressant medication treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(8):848-856.
5. Preskorn SH, Baker B. Fatality associated with combined fluoxetine-amitriptyline therapy. JAMA. 1997;277(21):1682.
6. Ferslew KE, Hagardorn AN, Harlan GC, McCormick WF. A fatal drug interaction between clozapine and fluoxetine. J Forensic Sci. 1998;43(5):1082-1085.
7. Preskorn SH. Fatal drug-drug interaction as a differential consideration in apparent suicides. J Psychiatr Pract. 2002;8(4):233-238.
8. Spigset O, Hedenmalm K, Dahl ML, Wiholm BE, Dahlqvist R. Seizures and myoclonus associated with antidepressant treatment: assessment of potential risk factors, including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms, and treatment with CYP2D6 inhibitors. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997;96(5):379-384.
9. Ahmed I, Dagincourt PG, Miller LG, Shader RI. Possible interaction between fluoxetine and pimozide causing sinus bradycardia. Can J Psychiatry. 1993;38(1):62-63.
10. Azaz-Livshits TL, Danenberg HD. Tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension and profound weakness due to concomitant use of fluoxetine and nifedipine. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997;30(6):274-275.
11. Beasley CM Jr, Masica DN, Heiligenstein JH, Wheadon DE, Zerbe RL. Possible monoamine oxidase inhibitor-serotonin uptake inhibitor interaction: fluoxetine clinical data and preclinical findings. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993;13(5):312-320.
12. Otte W, Birkenhager TK, van den Broek WW. Fatal interaction between tranylcypromine and imipramine. Eur Psychiatry. 2003;18(5):264-265.
13. Preskorn SH. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome resulting from a complex drug-drug interaction: "I don't see 'em!" J Psychiatr Pract. 2007;13(5):328-333.
14. Reeves RR, Mack JE, Beddingfield JJ. Neurotoxic syndrome associated with risperidone and fluvoxamine. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36(3):440-443.
15. Stanford BJ, Stanford SC. Postoperative delirium indicating an adverse drug interaction involving the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine? J Psychopharmacol. 1999;13(3):313-317.
16. Robinson RF, Nahata MC, Olshefski RS. Syncope associated with concurrent amitriptyline and fluconazole therapy. Ann Pharmacother. 2000;34(12):1406-1409.
17. Moskowitz H, Burns M. The effects on performance of two antidepressants, alone and in combination with diazepam. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1988;12(5):783-792.
18. Spina E, Avenoso A, Scordo MG, et al. Inhibition of risperidone metabolism by fluoxetine in patients with schizophrenia: a clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug interaction. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(4):419-423.
19. Sperber AD. Toxic interaction between fluvoxamine and sustained release theophylline in an 11-year-old boy. Drug Saf. 1991;6(6):460-462.
20. de Leon J, Susce MT, Pan RM, Fairchild M, Koch WH, Wedlund PJ. The CYP2D6 poor metabolizer phenotype may be associated with risperidone adverse drug reactions and discontinuation. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(1):15-27.
21. Johne A, Schmider J, Brockmöller J, et al. Decreased plasma levels of amitriptyline and its metabolites on comedication with an extract from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(1):46-54.
22. Preskorn SH. Mania in a case of polypsychopharmacology: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic considerations. Do you believe in magic? J Psychiatr Pract. 2007;13(3):178-183.
23. Ludgate J, Keating J, O'Dwyer R, Callaghan N. An improvement in cognitive function following polypharmacy reduction in a group of epileptic patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 1985;71(6):448-452.
24. Preskorn SH. Multiple medication use presenting as Parkinson's dementia complex: a message from Titanic. J Psychiatr Pract. 2008;14(1):45-54.
25. Bertschy G, Baumann P, Eap CB, Baettig D. Probable metabolic interaction between methadone and fluvoxamine in addict patients. Ther Drug Monit. 1994;16(1):42-45.
26. www.Preskorn.com. Applied Clinical Polypharmacology. Available at: www.preskorn.com/column1.html. Accessed October 15, 2009.
27. Bjerrum L, Rosholm JU, Hallas J, Kragstrup J. Methods for estimating the occurrence of polypharmacy by means of a prescription database. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;53(1):7-11.
28. Bjerrum L, Søgaard J, Hallas J, Kragstrup J. Polypharmacy: correlations with sex, age and drug regimen. A prescription database study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;54(3):197-202.
29. Rosholm JU, Bjerrum L, Hallas J, Worm J, Gram LF. Polypharmacy and the risk of drug-drug interactions among Danish elderly. A prescription database study. Dan Med Bull. 1998;45(2):210-213.
30. Davies SJ, Eayrs S, Pratt P, Lennard MS. Potential for drug interactions involving cytochromes P450 2D6 and 3A4 on general adult psychiatric and functional elderly psychiatric wards. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;57(4):464-472.
31. Davies SJ, Lennard MS, Ghahramani P, Pratt P, Robertson A, Potokar J. PRN prescribing in psychiatric inpatients: potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions. J Psychopharmacol. 2007;21(2):153-160. Erratum in: J Psychopharmacol. 2008;22(6):698.
32. Bergendal L, Friberg A, Schaffrath A. Potential drug-drug interactions in 5,125 mostly elderly out-patients in Gothenburg, Sweden. Pharm World Sci. 1995;17(5):152-157.
33. Preskorn SH. Drug-drug interactions: proof of relevance (part I). J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11(2):116-122.
34. Preskorn SH. Drug-drug interactions: proof of relevance (part II): cause of tolerability problems or noncompliance. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11(6):397-401.
35. Ray WA, Murray KT, Meredith S, Narasimhulu SS, Hall K, Stein CM. Oral erythromycin and the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(11):1089-1096.
36. Flockhart, D. Drug Interactions. Available at: http://medicine.iupui.edu/ clinpharm/ddis/. Accessed October 15, 2009.
37. Preskorn S, Cattersib M. General principles of pharmacokinetics. In: Preskorn S, et al, eds. Antidepressants: Past, Present and Future. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2004:35-86.
38. Preskorn S. Outpatient Management of Depression. 3rd ed. Caddo, OK: Professional Communications Inc; 2009.
39. Nichols AI, Lobello K, Guico-Pabia CJ, Paul J, Preskorn SH. Venlafaxine metabolism as a marker of cytochrome P450 enzyme 2D6 metabolizer status. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29(4):383-386.
40. Physician's Desk Reference. 63rd ed. Montvale, NJ: Physician's Desk Reference Inc; 2009.
41. Richelson E, Souder T. Binding of antipsychotic drugs to human brain receptors focus on newer generation compounds. Life Sci. 2000;68(1):29-39.
42. Chapel S, Hutmacher MM, Haig G, et al. Exposure-response analysis in patients with schizophrenia to assess the effect of asenapine on QTc prolongation. J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;49(11):1297-1308.
43. SAPHRIS [package insert]. Roseland, NJ: Organon USA Inc.; 2009.
44. Savella [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Cypress Bioscience; 2009.
45. Chantix [package insert.] New York, NY: Pfizer; 2006.
46. Preskorn SH, Baker B. The overlap of DSM-IV syndromes: potential implications for the practice of polypsychopharmacology, psychiatric drug development, and the human genome project. J Psychiatr Pract. 2002;8(3):170-177.
47. Gram L. Fluoxetine. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(20):1354-1361.
48. Bjerrum L, Søgaard J, Hallas J, Kragstrup J. Polypharmacy in general practice: differences between practitioners. Br J Gen Pract. 1999;49(440):195-198.
49. Holm M, Olesen F. Prescription of psychopharmaceuticals in general practice. 1. A registry study in the county of Arhus [Danish]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1989;151(34):2122-2126.
50. Shad MU, Carmichael CA, Preskorn SH, Horst WD. The nature and extent of polypharmacy in patients on antidepressants as a function of treatment setting. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy. 1999;65:183.
51. Wolf ME, Bukowski ED, Conran J, Sirotovskaya L, Kagan V, Mosnaim AD. Polypharmacy: a problem of the decade of the nineties. Presented at: 148th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; May 20-25, 1995; Miami, Florida.
52. Preskorn SH, Silkey B, Shah R, et al. Complexity of medication use in the veterans Affairs Healthcare System: Part I: Outpatient use in relation to age and number of prescribers. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11(1):5-15.
53. Silkey B, Preskorn SH, Golbeck A, Shah R, Neff M, Jones TL et al. Complexity of medication use in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System: Part II. Antidepressant use among younger and older outpatients. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11(1):16-26.
54. Preskorn SH. Multiple medication use in patients seen in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system: so what? J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11(1):46-50.
55. Coulehan JL, Schulberg HC, Block MR, Janosky JE, Arena VC. Depressive symptomatology and medical co-morbidity in a primary care clinic. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1990;20(4):335-347.
56. Fulop G, Strain JJ, Stettin G. Congestive heart failure and depression in older adults: clinical course and health services use 6 months after hospitalization. Psychosomatics. 2003;44(5):367-373.
57. Robertson MM, Trimble MR. Depressive illness in patients with epilepsy: a review. Epilepsia. 1983;24 suppl 2:S109-S116.
58. Kupfer DJ, Frank E. Comorbidity in depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2003;(418):57-60.
59. Levenson JL, Hamer RM, Rossiter LF. Relation of psychopathology in general medical inpatients to use and cost of services. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(11):1498-1503.
60. Badamgarav E, Weingarten SR, Henning JM, et al. Effectiveness of disease management programs in depression: a systematic review. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(12):2080-2090.
61. Katon WJ. Clinical and health services relationships between major depression, depressive symptoms, and general medical illness. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54(3):216-226.
62. Chisholm D, Diehr P, Knapp M, et al. Depression status, medical comorbidity and resource costs. Evidence from an international study of major depression in primary care (LIDO). Br J Psychiatry. 2003;183:121-131.
63. Series HG. Drug treatment of depression in medically ill patients. J Psychosom Res. 1992;36(1):1-16.
64. Frye MA, Ketter TA, Leverich GS, et al. The increasing use of polypharmacotherapy for refractory mood disorders: 22 years of study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(1):9-15.
65. Leape LL. Errors in medicine. Clin Chim Acta. 2009;404(1):2-5.
66. Phillips DP, Bredder CC. Morbidity and mortality from medical errors: an increasingly serious public health problem. Annu Rev Public Health. 2002;23:135-150.
67. Thompson PD, Clarkson P, Karas RH. Statin-associated myopathy. JAMA. 2003;289(13):1681-1690.
68. Flockhart DA. Drug interactions, cardiac toxicity, and terfenadine: from bench to clinic? J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996;16(2):101-103.
69. Markowitz JS, DeVane CL. The emerging recognition of herb-drug interactions with a focus on St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). Psychopharmacol Bull. 2001;35(1):53-64.
70. Beard K. Adverse reactions as a cause of hospital admission in the aged. Drugs Aging. 1992;2(4):356-367.
71. Kohn L, Corrigan J, Donaldson M, eds; Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000.
72. Preskorn SH. Classification of neuropsychiatric medications by principal mechanism of action: a meaningful way to anticipate pharmacodynamically mediated drug interactions. J Psychiatr Pract. 2003;9(5):376-384.
73. Preskorn S. Classification of neuropsychiatric medications by principal mechanism of action: a meaningful way to anticipate pharmacodynamically mediated drug interactions (Part II). J Psych Prac. 2005;10(3):177-181.
74. Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E. Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997;340(2-3):249-258.
75. Owens MJ, Knight DL, Nemeroff CB. Second-generation SSRIs: human monoamine transporter binding profile of escitalopram and R-fluoxetine. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;50(5):345-350.
76. Deecher DC, Beyer CE, Johnston G, et al. Desvenlafaxine succinate: A new serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;318(2):657-665.
77. Bymaster FP, Dreshfield-Ahmad LJ, Threlkeld PG, et al. Comparative affinity of duloxetine and venlafaxine for serotonin and norepinephrine transporters in vitro and in vivo, human serotonin receptor subtypes, and other neuronal receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001;25(6):871-880.
78. Leonard BE, Richelson E. Synaptic effects of antidepressants: relation to their therapeutic and adverse effects. In: Buckley PF, Waddington JL, eds. Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders: The New Drug Therapies in Clinical Practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press/A Hodder Arnold Publication; 2000:67-84.
79. Preskorn SH, Lacey R. Polypharmacy: when is it rational? J Prac Psych and Behav Hlth. 1995;1:92-98.
80. Preskorn SH. Defining "is." J Prac Psych and Behav Hlth. 1999;5(4):224-228.
81. Preskorn SH. De-spinning in vitro data. J Prac Psych and Behav Hlth. 1999;5(5):283-287.
82. Janicak PG, Davis JM, Preskorn SH, Ayd FJ Jr. Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2006:686.
83. Ragheb M, Ban TA, Buchanan D, Frolich JC. Interaction of indomethacin and ibuprofen with lithium in manic patients under a steady-state lithium level. J Clin Psychiatry. 1980;41(11):397-398.
84. Whitten DL, Myers SP, Hawrelak JA, Wohlmuth H. The effect of St John's wort extracts on CYP3A: a systematic review of prospective clinical trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62(5):512-526.
85. Pal D, Mitra AK. MDR- and CYP3A4-mediated drug-herbal interactions. Life Sci. 2006;78(18):2131-2145.
86. Kroon LA. Drug interactions with smoking. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64(18):1917-1921.
87. Preskorn SH. Drug development in psychiatry and genomics: from E. coli to man. J Psychiatr Pract. 2001;7(6):415-419.
88. Preskorn SH. The human genome project and drug discovery in psychiatry: identifying novel targets. J Psychiatr Pract. 2001;7(2):133-137.
89. Preskorn S. Why are CYP enzymes important when considering SSRI's? In: Preskorn S. Clinical Pharmacology of Selective Serotonin Reuptake. Caddo, OK: Professional Communications Inc; 1996:131-160.
90. Preskorn SH. The adverse effect profiles of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: relationship to in vitro pharmacology. Journal of Practical Psychiatry and Behavioral Health. May 2000, 153-157. Available at: http://www.preskorn.com/columns/0005.html. Accessed November 6, 2009.
91. Preskorn SH, Alderman J, Chung M, Harrison W, Messig M, Harris S. Pharmacokinetics of desipramine coadministered with sertraline or fluoxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994;14(2):90-98.
92. Harvey AT, Preskorn SH. Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics and effect on CYP2C19 in young and elderly volunteers. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001;21(2):161-166.
93. Levy RH, Thummel KE, Trayer WF, Hansten PD, Eichelbaum M. Metabolic Drug Interactions. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
94. Pharmacy Times. Available at: www.pharmacytimes.com/issue/phar. Accessed October 15, 2009.
95. Drug Interactions. Available at: www.drug-interactions.com. Accessed October 15, 2009.
96. Fromm MF, Kauffmann HM, Fritz P, et al. The effect of rifampin treatment on intestinal expression of human MRP transporters. Am J Pathol. 2000;157(5):1575-1580.
97. Wang JS, Ruan Y, Taylor RM, Donovan JL, Markowitz JS, DeVane CL. The brain entry of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone is greatly limited by P-glycoprotein. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004;7(4):415-419.
98. Wang JS, DeVane CL, Gibson BB, Donovan JL, Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of drug-drug interactions among risperidone, bupropion, and sertraline in CF1 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006;183(4):490-499.
99. Schwab M, Eichelbaum M, Fromm MF. Genetic polymorphisms of the human MDR1 drug transporter. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003;43:285-307.
100. Weiss J, Dormann SM, Martin-Facklam M, Kerpen CJ, Ketabi-Kiyanvash N, Haefeli WE. Inhibition of Pglycoprotein by newer antidepressants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;305(1):197-204.
101. Siddiqui A, Kerb R, Weale ME, et al. Association of multidrug resistance in epilepsy with a polymorphism in the drug-transporter gene ABCB1. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(15):1442-1448.
102. Gex-Fabry M, Eap CB, Oneda B, et al. CYP2D6 and ABCB1 genetic variability: influence on paroxetine plasma level and therapeutic response. Ther Drug Monit. 2008;30(4):474-482.
103. Uhr M, Tontsch A, Namendorf C, et al. Polymorphisms in the drug transporter gene ABCB1 predict antidepressant treatment response in depression. Neuron. 2008;57(2):203-209.
104. Lin YC, Ellingrod VL, Bishop JR, Miller del D. The relationship between P-glycoprotein (PGP) polymorphisms and response to olanzapine treatment in schizophrenia. Ther Drug Monit. 2006;28(5):668-672.
105. Flockhart DA. Drug adverse reactions and interactions. In: Stein JH, Eisenberg JM, eds. Internal Medicine. St. Louis, IL: Mosby Publishing; 1998:265-269.
106. Benet LZ, Hoener BA. Changes in plasma protein binding have little clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002;71(3):115-121.
107. Side effects, interactions and warnings about herbs. Personal Health Zone. Available at: www.personalhealthzone. com/herbsafety.html. Accessed October 15, 2009.
108. University of Liverpoool. HIV drug interactions. Available at: www.hiv-druginteractions.org. Accessed October 15, 2009.
109. Project Inform. Available at: www.projinf.org/fs/drugin.html. Accessed October 15, 2009.
110. Grapefruit-drug interactions. Powernet Design. Available at: www.powernetdesign.com/grapefruit. Accessed October 15, 2009.
111. US Food and Drug Administration. Avoiding Drug interactions. Available at: www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ ConsumerUpdates/ucm096386.htm#beverages. Accessed November 6, 2009.
112. Drug Facts and Comparisons 2009. 63rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
113. Epocrates. Available at: www.epocrates.com. Accessed October 15, 2009.
114. Micromedex. Available at: www.micromedex.com. Accessed October 15, 2009.
115. P450, UGT and P-gp Drug Interactions. Available at: www.mhc.com/ Cytochromes/index.html. Accessed October 15, 2009.
116. Preskorn SH. Relating clinical trials to psychiatric practice: part I: the case of a 13-year old on aripiprazole and fluoxetine. J Psychiatr Pract. 2003;9(4):307-313.
117. Medwatch: The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program. Available at: www.fda. gov/Safety/MedWatch/default.htm. Accessed October 15, 2009.
118. U.S. Pharmacopeia. Available at: www.usp.org. Accessed October 15, 2009.