Constraints on inorganic gaseous iodine in the tropical upper troposphere and stratosphere inferred from balloon-borne solar occultation observations

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 9, Issue 18, 2009, Pages 7229-7242

  Butz, A ^a,b   Bosch H ^b,c   Camy Peyret, C ^d   Chipperfield, M P ^e   Dorf, M ^b   Kreycy, S ^b   Kritten, L ^b   Prados Roman C ^b   Schwarzte J ^b   Pfeilsticker, K ^b  

^a SRON NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SPACE RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^d SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; BALLOON OBSERVATION; IODINE; OZONE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOPAUSE; TROPOSPHERE;

BRAZIL;

EID: 75349085544     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-9-7229-2009     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Aliwell, S. R., Van Roozendael, M., Johnston, P. V., Richter, A., Wagner, T., Arlander, D. W., Burrows, J. P., Fish, D. J., Jones, R. L., Tørnkvist, K. K., Lambert, J.-C., Pfeilsticker, K., and Pundt, L: Analysis for BrO in zenith-sky spectra: An intercomparison exercise for analysis improvement, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4199, doi:10.1029/2001JD000329, 2002.
2. 2O, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32295-32314, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000465, 2001.
3. Berthet, G., Renard, J.-B., Charrier, M., Pirre, M., and Robert, C.: Analysis of OBrO, 10, and 010 absorption signature in UV-visible spectra measured at night and at sunrise by stratospheric balloon-borne instruments, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4161, doi:10.1029/2002JD002284, 2003.
4. Bloss, W. J., Rowley, D. M., Cox, R. A., and Jones, R. L.: Kinetics and Products of the IO Self-Reaction, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 7840-7854, 2001.
5. Bosch, H., Camy-Peyret, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Fitzenberger, R., Harder, H., Platt, U., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Upper limits of stratospheric IO and OIO inferred from center-to-limb-darkening-corrected balloon-borne solar occultation visible spectra: Implications for total gaseous iodine and stratospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4455, doi:10.1029/2002JD003078, 2003.
6. Brault, J. and Neckel, H.: Solar spectra. Provided by Hamburger Sternwarte, distributed through http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/DE/Oef/Inf/Einbl/ Sospec/sonnspec.html, 1987.
7. Butler, J. H., King, D. B., Lobert, J. M., Montzka, S. A., Yvon-Lewis, S. A., Hall, B. D., Warwick, N. J., Mondeel, D. J., Aydin, M., and Elkins, J. W.: Oceanic distributions and emissions of short-lived halocarbons, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, B1023, doi:10.1029/2006GB002732, 2007.
8. Butz, A., Bösch, H., Camy-Peyret, C., Dorf, M., Engel, A., Payan, S., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Observational constraints on the kinetics of the ClO-BrO and ClO-ClO ozone loss cycles in the Arctic winter stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 5801, doi:10.1029/2006GL028718, 2007.
9. Camy-Peyret, C., Jeseck, P., Hawat, T., Durry, G., Payan, S., Berube, G., Rochette, L., and Huguenin, D.: The LPMA Balloon-Borne FTIR Spectrometer: Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Constituents, Proceedings of the 12th ESA Symposium on Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, Lillehammer, Norway, 323-328, 1995.
10. Chipperfield, M. P.: Multiannual simulations with a three-dimensional chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1781 - 1805, 1999.
11. Chipperfield, M. P.: New version of the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT offline chemical transport model: Intercomparison of stratospheric tracer experiments, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 132, 1179-1203, doi: 10.1256/qj.05.51, 2006.
12. Cox, R. A., Bloss, W. J., Jones, R. L., and Rowley, D. M.: OIO and the atmospheric cycle of iodine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1857-1860, doi:10.1029/1999GL900439, 1999.
13. Davis, D., Crawford, J., Liu, S., McKeen, S., Bandy, A., Thornton, D., Rowland, F., and Blake, D.: Potential impact of iodine on tropospheric levels of ozone and other critical oxidants, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2135-2147, doi:10.1029/95JD02727, 1996.
14. Dillon, T. J., Tucceri, M. E., Hölscher, D., and Crowley, J. N.: Absorption cross-section of IO at 427.2 nm and 298 K, J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chemistry, 176, 3-14, 2005.
15. Dorf, M.: Investigation of Inorganic Stratospheric Bromine using Balloon-Borne DOAS Measurements and Model Simulation, online available at: http://www.ub.uni-.he.idelberg.de/arc.hiv/6093, Phd thesis, University of Heidelberg, 2005.
16. Dorf, M., Butler, J. H., Butz, A., Camy-Peyret, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Kritten, L., Montzka, S. A., Simmes, B., Weidner, F., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Long-term observations of stratospheric bromine reveal slow down in growth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 24803, doi:10.1029/2006GL027714, 2006.
17. Dorf, M., Butz, A., Camy-Peyret, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Kritten, L., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Bromine in the tropical troposphere and stratosphere as derived from balloon-borne BrO observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7265-7271, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/7265/2008/.
18. Ferlemann, F., Bauer, N., Fitzenberger, R., Harder, H., Osterkamp, H., Perner, D., Platt, U., Schneider, M., Vradelis, P., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Instrument for Stratospheric Balloonborne Trace-Gas Studies, Appl. Opt., 39, 2377-2386, doi:10.1364/AO.39. 002377, 2000.
19. 2 in coastal marine air, J. Geophys. Res., 113, 21301, doi:10.1029/2008JD010269, 2008.
20. Frieß, U., Wagner, T., Pundt, I., Pfeilsticker, K., and Platt, U.: Spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric iodine oxide at Neumayer station, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1941-1944, doi:10.1029/2000GL012784, 2001.
21. Fueglistaler, S., Dessler, A. E., Dunkerton, T. J., Folkins, I., Fu, Q., and Mote, P. W.: Tropical tropopause layer, Rev. Geophys., 47, 1004, doi:10.1029/2008RG000267, 2009.
22. Gilfedder, B. S., Lai, S. C., Petri, M., Biester, H., and Hoffmann, T.: Iodine speciation in rain, snow and aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6069-6084, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/6069/2008/.
23. 3 photochemistry Part 1: Determination of the absolute absorption cross sections of iodine oxides of atmospheric relevance, J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chemistry, 176, 15-38, 2005.
24. 3 Photochemistry, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 306-320, 2007.
25. Gómez Martín, J. C., Ashworth, S. H., Mahajan, A. S., and Plane, J. M. C.: Photochemistry of OIO: Laboratory study and atmospheric implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L09802, doi:10.1029/2009GL037642, 2009.
26. 2 cross sections at high spectral resolution, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3861-3880, doi:10.1029/96JD03086, 1997.
27. 2O, Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res., 6, 151-158, 1999.
28. Hönninger, G.: Referenzspektren reaktiver Halogenverbindungen für DOAS-Messungen, Diploma thesis, University of Heidelberg, 1999.
29. J) Production, J. Phys. Chem. A., 104, 8001-8010, 2000.
30. Jensen, E. J., Pfister, L., Bui, T V., Lawson, P., Baker, B., Mo, Q., Baumgardner, D., Weinstock, E. M., Smith, J. B., Moyer, E. J., Hanisco, T. F., Sayres, D. S., Clair, J. M. S., Alexander, M. J., Toon, O. B., and Smith, J. A.: Formation of large (≃100 μm) ice crystals near the tropical tropopause, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1621-1633, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/1621/ 2008/.
31. Joseph, D. M., Ashworth, S. H., and Plane, J. M. C.: The absorption cross-section and photochemistry of OIO, J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chemistry, 176, 68-77, 2005.
32. 2: absorption cross section (240-370 nm) and photolysis product yields at 248 nm, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 9, 5599, doi:10.1039/b709465e, 2007.
33. Kaltsoyannis, N. and Plane, J. M. C.: Quantum chemical calculations on a selection of iodine-containing species (IO, OIO, INO3, (10)2, 1203, 1204 and 1205) of importance in the atmosphere, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 1723, doi:10.1039/b715687c, 2008.
34. Law, K. S., Sturges, W. T., Blake, D. R., Blake, N. J., Burkholder, J. B., Butler, J. H., Cox, R. A., Haynes, P. H., Ko, M. K. W., Kreher, K., Mari, C., Pfeilsticker, K., Plane, J. M. C., Salawitch, R. J., Schiller, C., Sinnhuber, B. M., von Glasow, R., Warwick, N. J., Wuebbles, D. J., and Yvon-Lewis, S. A.: Halogenated very short-lived substances, Chapter 2 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, Global Ozone and Research and Monitoring Project - Report No. 50, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
35. Lawson, R. P., Pilson, B., Baker, B., Mo, Q., Jensen, E., Pfister, L., and Bui, P.: Aircraft measurements of microphysical properties of subvisible cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1609-1620, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/1609/2008/.
36. 3Br in aircraft applications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4559-4568, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/6/4559/2006/.
37. 2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 227-234, 2002, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/2/227/2002/.
38. + in the mass spectra of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 32.17-3220, doi:10.1029/1999GL011267, 2000.
39. Murphy, D. M., Thomson, D. S., and Mahoney, M. J.: In Situ Measurements of Organics, Meteoritic Material, Mercury, and Other Elements in Aerosols at 5 to 19 Kilometers, Science, 282, 1664, doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1664, 1998.
40. Murphy, D. M., Cziczo, D. J., Hudson, P. K., and Thomson, D. S.: Carbonaceous material in aerosol particles in the lower stratosphere and tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 112, 4203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007297, 2007.
41. 2 tracer clock for the Tropical Tropopause Layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3989-4000, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/3989/2007/.
42. Pechtl, S., Lovejoy, E. R., Burkholder, J. B., and von Glasow, R.: Modeling the possible role of iodine oxides in atmospheric new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 505-523, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/ 6/505/2006/.
43. Pechtl, S., Schmitz, G., and von Glasow, R.: Modelling iodide - iodate speciation in atmospheric aerosol: Contributions of inorganic and organic iodine chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1381-1393, 2007, http ://www.atmos-chem-phys. net/7/1381/2007/. (Pubitemid 46353428)
44. Peters, C., Pechtl, S., Stutz, J., Hebestreit, K., Hönninger, G., Heumann, K. G., Schwarz, A., Winterlik, J., and Platt, U.: Reactive and organic halogen species in three different European coastal environments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3357-3375, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/3357/2005/. (Pubitemid 43085632)
45. Platt, U. and Stutz, J.: Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS), Principle and Applications, ISBN: 3-340-21193-4, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2006.
46. Pundt, I., Pommereau, J. P., Phillips, C., and Lateltin, E.: Upper limits of iodine oxide in the lower stratosphere, J. Atmos. Chem., 30, 173-185, 1998.
47. Read, K. A., Mahajan, A. S., Carpenter, L. J., Evans, M. J., Faria, B. V. E., Heard, D. E., Hopkins, J. R., Lee, J. D., Moller, S. J., Lewis, A. C., Mendes, L., McQuaid, J. B., Oetjen, H., Saiz-Lopez, A., Pilling, M. J., and Plane, J. M. C.: Extensive halogen-mediated ozone destruction over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 453, 1232-1235, doi:10.1038/nature07035, 2008.
48. Richter, U. and Wallace, D. W. R.: Production of methyl iodide in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(23), L23S03, doi:10.1029/2004GL020779, 2004.
49. Rothman, L. S., Jacquemart, D., Barbe, A., Chris Benner, D., Birk, M., Brown, L. R., Carleer, M. R., Chackerian, C., Chance, K., Dana, V., Devi, V. M., Flaud, J.-M., Gamache, R. R., Goldman, A., Hartmann, J.-M., Jucks, K. W., Maki, A. G., Mandin, J.-Y., Massie, S. T., Orphal, J., Perrin, A., Rinsland, C. P., Smith, M. A. H., Tennyson, J., Tolchenov, R. N., Toth, R. A., Vander Auwera, J., Varanasi, P., and Wagner, G.: The HITRAN 2004 Molecular Spectroscopic Database, J. Quant. Spectrom. Rad. T., 96, 139-204, 2005.
50. 3 in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1513-1528, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/1513/2006/.
51. Saiz-Lopez, A., Chance, K., Liu, X., Kurosu, T. P., and Sander, S. P.: First observations of iodine oxide from space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 12812, doi:10.1029/2007GL030111, 2007a.
52. Saiz-Lopez, A., Mahajan, A. S., Salmon, R. A., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Jones, A. E., Roscoe, H. K., and Plane, J. M. C.: Boundary Layer Halogens in Coastal Antarctica, Science, 317(348), 348-351, doi:10.1126/science.H41408, 2007b.
53. Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Ravishankara, A. R., Golden, D. M., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Molina, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Keller-Rudek, H., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., Pine, P. H., Huie, R. E., and Orkin, V. L.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, NASA/JPL-Publication, 2006.
54. Schoeberl, M. R., Douglass, A. R., Stolarski, R. S., Pawson, S., Strahan, S. E., and Read, W.: Comparison of lower stratospheric tropical mean vertical velocities, J. Geophys. Res., 113, 24109, doi:10.1029/2008JD010221, 2008.
55. Schönhardt, A., Richter, A., Wittrock, F., Kirk, H., Oetjen, H., Roscoe, H. K., and Burrows, J. P.: Observations of iodine monoxide columns from satellite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 637-653, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/ 8/637/2008/.
56. Solomon, S., Garcia, R. R., and Ravishankara, A. R.: On the role of iodine in ozone depletion, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20491-20500, doi:10.1029/94JD02028, 1994.
57. 3 photochemistry Part 2: Improved spectra of iodine oxides and analysis of the IO absorption spectrum, J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chemistry, 176, 50-67, 2005.
58. Stutz, J. and Platt, U.: Numerical analysis and estimation of the statistical error of differential optical absorption spectroscopy measurements with least-squares methods, Appl. Opt., 35, 6041-6053, 1996.
59. Tucceri, M. E., Hölscher, D., Rodriguez, A., Dillon, T J., and Crowley, J. N.: Absorption cross section and photolysis of OIO, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 8, 834-846, 2006.
60. Wennberg, P. O., Brault, J. W., Hanisco, T. F., Salawitch, R. J., and Mount, G. H.: The atmospheric column abundance of IO: Implications for stratospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8887-8898, doi:10.1029/96JD03712, 1997.
61. Wittrock, F., Müller, R., Richter, A., Bovensmann, H., and Burrows, J. P.: Measurements of Iodine monoxide (IO) above Spitsbergen, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1471, doi:10.1029/1999GL011146, 2000.
62. Yano, J. I., Donner, L. J., Yin, Y., Lawrence, M. G., Mari, C., and Stohl, A.: Multidisciplinary Discussions of Convective Chemical. Transport, EOS Transactions, 84, 327-330, doi: 10.1029/2003EO340005, 2003.
63. Yokouchi, Y., Osada, K., Wada, M., Hasebe, F., Agama, M., Murakami, R., Mukai, H., Nojiri, Y., Inuzuka, Y., Toom-Sauntry, D., and Fraser, P.: Global distribution and seasonal concentration change of methyl iodide in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 113, 18311, doi:10.1029/2008JD009861, 2008.
64. Zingler, J. and Platt, U.: Iodine oxide in the Dead Sea Valley: Evidence for inorganic sources of boundary layer IO, J. Geophys. Res., 110, 7307, doi:10.1029/2004JD004993, 2005.