Introduction: Mare liberum revisited (1609-2009)

Grotiana

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 3-19

  Van Nifterik, Gustaaf ^a   Nijman, Janne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Battle of the books; Common goods; De iure praedae; Dutch commercial expansion; Freedom of the high sea; Grotian Heritage; Mare liberum

Indexed keywords

EID: 75149118568     PISSN: 01673831     EISSN: 18760759     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/016738309X12537002674169     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Hugo Grotius, The Free Sea (Hakluyt transl.), ed. by David Armitage (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004)
2. See also, Hugo Grotius, Mare Liberum 1609-2009. The Original Latin Text (facsimile of the 1st edition, 1609) and a Modern Translation into English. Edited with Corrections, Annotations and Verification of References by Robert Feenstra, and a General Introduction by Jeroen Vervliet (Leiden: Brill, 2009) (forthcoming)
3. On Hugo Grotius see the recent biography by Henk Nellen, Hugo de Groot. Een leven in strijd om de vrede, 1583-1645 (Amsterdam: Balans 2007)
4. an English translation is under consideration. For now, see W.S.M. Knight, The Life and Works of Hugo Grotius [The Grotius Society publications, 4], (London: Sweet & Maxwell 1925)
5. E. Dumbauld, The Life and Legal Writings of Hugo Grotius, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1969)
6. W.J.M. van Eysinga, Hugo Grotius : eine biographische Skizze, (transl. by M.R.C. Plemp van Duiveland of Huigh de Groot : een schets), (Basel: Schwabe, 1952)
7. See Martine van Ittersum, Profit and Principle: Hugo Grotius, Natural Rights theories and the Rise of Dutch Power in the East Indies, 1595-1615, Brill's Studies in Intellectual History 139 (Leiden: Brill 2006), pp. 340-342 on the publication of Mare liberum and its relation to the Truce-negotiations
8. See especially Martine Julia van Ittersum, 'Preparing Mare liberum for the Press: Hugo Grotius's Rewriting of chapter 12 of De iure praedae in November-December 1608', Grotiana 26-28 (2005-2007), pp. 246-280
9. This book was not published until the edition by Hamaker: Hugonis Grotii De jure praedae commentarius, edited by H.G. Hamaker (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1868)
10. See especially Van Ittersum, Profit and Principle
11. See on Grotius's ideas on the origin of dominium in Mare liberum, especially in Chapter V: R. Feenstra, 'Les origines du dominium d'après Grotius et notamment dans son Mare liberum', in Homenaje al professor Alfonso Garcia-Gallo, vol. I (Madrid: Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad Complutense, 1996), 179-190
12. also in R. Feenstra, Histoire du droit savant (13e - 18e siècle) - Doctrines et vulgarisation par incunables, (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), no. 3
13. Hugo Grotius, 'Defense of Chapter V of the Mare Liberum. Which had been attacked by William Welwod, Professor of Civil Law, in Chapter XXVII of that book written in English to which he gave the title " An Abridgement of All Sea-Lawes " ', in Hugo Grotius, The Free Sea, ed. by Armitage, pp. 77-130, at p. 116
14. See e.g., Philip E. Steinberg, The Social Construction of the Ocean, Cambridge Studies in International relations 78 (Cambridge: University Press, 2001), pp. 89-98. See also the contribution by Diego Panizza in this issue
15. Peter Borschberg, 'Hugo Grotius' Theory of Trans-Oceanic Trade Regulation. Revisiting Mare liberum (1609)', Itinerario 29 (2005), 31-53
16. R. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: political thought and the international order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford: University Press, 1999)
17. Edward Keene, Beyond the anarchical society. Grotius, colonialism and order in world politics (Cambridge: University Press, 2002)
18. Ileana Porras, 'Constructing International Law in the East Indian Seas: Property, Sovereignty, Commerce and War in Hugo Grotius' De Jure Praedae - Th e Law of Prize and Booty, or "on how to distinguish merchants from pirates" ' Brooklyn Journal of International Law 31 (2006), 741-804
19. Eric Wilson, The Savage Republic: De Indis of Hugo Grotius, Republicanism, and the Dutch Hegemony within the Early Modern Wold-System (c. 1600-1619) (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008)
20. Steinberg, The Social Construction of the Ocean, p. 26
21. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace, p. 79
22. see also, Porras, 'Constructing International Law in the East Indian Seas', p. 803
23. See, e.g., Robert Shaver, 'Grotius on Scepticism and Self-Interest', Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 78 (1996), 27-47
24. Thomas Mautner, 'Not a Likely Story', British Journal for the History of Philosophy 11 (2003), 303-307
25. and Thomas Mautner, 'Grotius and the Skeptics', Journal of the History of Ideas 66 (2005), 577-601
26. See also for a critique of the argument on the notion of subjective rights as developed by Villey and in his footsteps Richard Tuck, Charles Donohue, 'Ius in the Subjective Sense in Roman Law: Reflections on Villey and Tierney', in A Ennio Cortese, ed. by D. Maffei et al. (Rome: Il Cigno Edizioni, 2001), pp. 506-535
27. Van Ittersum, 'Preparing Mare liberum', p. 274
28. See, e.g., R. Feenstra, 'Mare liberum. Contexte historique et concepts fondamentaux', in Grotius et l'Ordre Juridique International, ed. by A. Dufour, P. Haggenmacher, and J. Toman (Lausanne: Payot, 1985), pp. 37-42
29. See, e.g., C.G. Roelofsen, 'Grotius and International Law: an introduction to some themes in the field of the Grotian Studies', in Grotius Reader, ed. by L.E. van Holk and C.G. Roelofsen (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 1983), p. 3
30. Hersch Lauterpacht, 'The Grotian Tradition of International Law', first published in BYIL 23 (1946), p. 1-53
31. here as published in: E. Lauterpacht, International Law: being the Collected Papers of Hersch Lauterpacht, 5 vols (Cambridge: University Press, 1970-2004), II, pp. 307-365
32. See for an examination of Lauterpacht's refutation of realism drawing on a reading of Grotius's work and on his conception of the Grotian Tradition, e.g. J.E. Nijman, The Concept of International Legal Personality: an inquiry into the history and theory of international law (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004), pp. 297-324
33. Lauterpacht, 'The Grotian Tradition of International Law', pp. 362-363
34. Wilson, Savage Republic, p. 17
35. The studies of Stephen Buckle, Natural law and the theory of property. Grotius to Hume (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1991)
36. and Thomas A. Horne, Property rights and poverty. Political argument in Britain, 1605-1834 (Chapel Hill/London, University of North Carolina Press, 1990) indicate that the new notions of natural law and property (including the common goods) in Mare liberum had a wider (political) reach than just international law and 'colonialism'
37. Quentin Skinner, 'A reply to my critics', in Meaning and Context: Quentin Skinner and his Critics, ed. by James Tully (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), p. 234
38. See, e.g., Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996)
39. Richard Falk, Religion and Humane Global Governance (New York: Palgrave, 2001)
40. T. Jeremy Gunn, 'The Complexity of Religion and the Definition of "Religion" in International Law', Harvard Human Rights Journal 16 (2003), 189-215
41. and Religion and International Law, ed. by Mark W. Janis and Carolyn Evans (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1999)
42. Scott Thomas, 'The Global Resurgence of Religion, International Law and International Society', in: Religion and International Law, ed. by Janis and Evans, pp.321-338
43. See e.g., Martin Murphy, 'Piracy and UNCLOS: Does International Law Help Regional States combat Piracy?', in Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism, ed. by Peter Lehr (New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2007), p. 161
44. also, Greg Chaikin, 'Piracy in Asia: International Go-operation and Japan's role', in Piracy in Southeast Asia: Status, Issues and Responses , IIAS/ISEAS series on maritime issues and piracy in Asia, ed. by Derek Johnson and Mark Valencia, (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005), p. 123. See also, e.g. infra, note 41, 43, and 48
45. and The Opinions of Grotius as contained in the Hollandsche Consultatien en Advysen, collated, translated and annotated by D.P. de Bruyn (London, 1894)
46. Christoph A. Stumpf, The Grotian theology of international law: Hugo Grotius and the moral foundations of international relations (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006), p. 199
47. Garrett Hardin, 'The Tragedy of the Commons', Science 162. 3859 (1968), 1243-1248
48. See, e.g., an interesting contribution to this topic, Garry R. Russ and Dirk C. Zeller, 'From Mare Liberum to Mare Reservatum', Marine Policy 27 (2003), 75-78, at p. 76: 'The time has come to move on from Hugo Grotius's vision and to act on a global scale in the interest of future generations'
49. Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, 5th ed.), p. 454
50. The Report of The Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighborhood, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 251: on a 'new' trusteeship to exercised over the global Commons by the United Nations Trusteeship-Council
51. Susan J. Buck, The Global Commons: An Introduction (Washington D.C.: Island Press, 1998), p.2
52. B.V.A. Röling, 'Are Grotius' Ideas Obsolete?', in: Hugo Grotius and International Relations, ed. by H. Bull, B. Kingsbury, and A. Roberts (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), p. 297