Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in an unselected Italian population. Results of the CardioLab Project 2004-2008

Acta Cardiologica

Volumn 64, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 771-778

  Grassi, Guido ^a   Arenare, Francesca ^b   Dell'Oro, Raffaella ^a   Quarti Trevano, Fosca ^a   Brambilla, Gianmaria ^b   Carugo, Stefano ^a   Smith, Michael ^c   Mancia, Giuseppe ^a  

^a SAN GERARDO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b IRCCS MULTIMEDICA   (Italy)

^c CardioLab Statistic Unit   (Italy)

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Cardiovascular risk; Cholesterol; Diabetes; Epidemiology; Glycaemia; Hypertension

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE;

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; ITALY; MALE; OBESITY; SECONDARY PREVENTION;

AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; ITALY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 74749098820     PISSN: 00015385     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2143/AC.64.6.2044742     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group Relationship between baseline risk factors and coronary heart disease and total mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Prev Med 1986; 15: 254-73.
2. Assmann G, Schulte H. The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study: prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1988; 116: 1713-24.
3. rd, Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB. The relative importance of selected risk factors for various manifestations of cardiovascular disease among men and women from 35 to 64 years old: 30 years of follow-up in the Framingham Study. Circulation 1987; 75: 65-73.
4. EUROASPIRE Study Group, EUROASPIRE. A European Society of Cardiology survey of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: principal results. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1569-82.
5. EUROASPIRE II Study Group. Lifestyle and risk factor management and use of drug therapies in coronary patients from 15 countries. Principal results from EUROASPIRE II Euro Heart Survey Programme. Eur Heart J 2001; 22: 554-72.
6. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DJ, Murray CJL. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006; 367: 1747-57.
7. Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, Boysen G, Burell G, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, De Backer G, Ebrahim S, Gjelsvik B, Herrmann-Lingen C, Hoes A, Humphries S, Knapton M, Perk J, Priori SG, Pyorala K, Reiner Z, Ruilope L, Sans-Menendez S, Op Reimer WS, Weissberg P, Wood D, Yarnell J, Zamorano JL, Walma E, Fitzgerald T, Cooney MT, Dudina A, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, Dean V, Dickstein K, Funck-Brentano C, Filippatos G, Hellemans I, Kristensen SD, McGregor K, Sechtem U, Silber S, Tendera M, Widimsky P, Zamorano JL, Altiner A, Bonora E, Durrington PN, Fagard R, Giampaoli S, Hemingway H, Hakansson J, Kjeldsen SE, Larsen L, Mancia G, Manolis AJ, Orth-Gomer K, Pedersen T, Rayner M, Ryden L, Sammut M, Schneiderman N, Stalenhoef AF, Tokgözoglu L, Wiklund O, Zampelas A; European Society of Cardiology (ESQ; European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR); Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; European Association for Study of Diabetes (EASD); International Diabetes Federation Europe (IDF-Europe); European Stroke Initiative (EUSI); Society of Behavioural Medicine (ISBM); European Society of Hypertension (ESH); WONCA Europe (European Society of General Practice/Family Medicine); European Heart Network (EHN); European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007; 14: 1-113.
8. Kotseva K, Wood D, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, Pyörälä K, Keil U, EUROASPIRE Study Group. EUROASPIRE III: a survey on the lifestyle, risk factors and use of cardioprotective drug therapies in coronary patients from 22 European countries. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2009; 16: 121-37.
9. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, Grassi G, Heagerty AM, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope L, Rynkiewicz A, Schmieder RE, Boudier HA, Zanchetti A. Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension; European Society of Cardiology. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2007; 25: 1105-87.
10. Laurenzi M, Stamler R, Trevisan M, Dyer A, Stamler J. Is Italy losing the "Mediterranean advantage?" Report on the Gubbio Population Study: Cardiovascular risk factors at baseline. Prev Med 1989; 18: 35-44.
11. Gnasso A, Calindro MC, Carallo C, De Novara G, Ferraro M, Gorgone G, Irace C, Romeo P, Siclari D, Spagnuolo V, Talarico R, Mattioli PL, Pujia A. Awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a selected population of southern Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 1997; 13: 421-8.
12. Mancia G, Parati G, Borghi C, Ghironzi G, Andriani E, Marinelli L, Valentini M, Tessari F, Ambrosioni E; SMOOTH investigators. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, control and association with metabolic abnormalities in the San Marino population: the SMOOTH study. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 837-43.
13. Sossai P, Amenta F, Porcellati C. Observational study of hypertension in Matelica, Italy (Matelica hypertension study). Clin Exp Hypertens 2007; 29: 531-7.
14. Vanuzzo D, Samani F, Canciani L, Paduano R, Pilotto L, Bader G, Mirolo R, Battigelli D, Panfilo M, Fattori MG, Simon G, Zanier L; Ricercatori CardioRESET. CardioReset: general medicine and monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in a whole region. G Ital Cardiol 2009; 10: 37-43 [in Italian].
15. Menotti A, Lanti M, Angeletti M, Botta G, Cirillo M, Laurenzi M, Mancini M, Panarelli W, Scavizzi P, Terradura-Vagnarelli O, Zanchetti A. Twenty-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality trends and changes in cardiovascular risk factors in Gubbio, Italy: the role of blood pressure changes. J Hypertens 2009; 27: 266-74.
16. Manzoli L, Palumbo W, Ruotolo P, Panella M, Mezzetti A, Di Stanislao F. Cardiovascular risk of the general population assessed through SCORE and CUORE charts: An extensive survey by the General Practitioners from Abruzzo, Italy. Int J Cardiol 2009 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print]
17. Mancia G. Total cardiovascular risk: a new treatment concept. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 17-24.
18. Bakris G, Böhm M, Dagenais G, Diener HC, Fujita T, Gorelick P, Kjeldsen SE, Laakso M, Mancia G, Pitt B, Sharma A, Sleight P, Teo K, Unger T, Weber M, Williams B, Zannad F. Cardiovascular protection for all individuals at high risk: evidence-based best practice. Clin Res Cardiol 2008; 97: 713-25.
19. Pini C, Natalizi A, Gerosa PF, Frigerio M, Omboni S, Parati G. Validation of the Artsana CS 410 automated blood pressare monitor in adults according to the International Protocol of the European Society of Hypertension. Blood Press Monitoring 2008; 13: 177-82.
20. Myers MG, Valdivieso M, Kiss A. Use of automated office blood pressure measurement to reduce the white coat response. J Hypertens 2009; 27 280-6.
21. Conroy RM, Pyörälä K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, Ducimetière P, Jousilahti P, Keil U, Njølstad I, Oganov RG, Thomsen T, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Tverdal A, Wedel H, Whincup P, Wilhelmsen L, Graham IM; SCORE project group. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 987-1003.
22. Ferrario M, Chiodini P, Chambless LE, Cesana G, Vanuzzo D, Panico S, Sega R, Pilotto L, Palmieri L, Giampaoli S; CUORE Project Research Group. Prediction of coronary events in a low incidence population. Assessing accuracy of the CUORE Cohort Study prediction equation. Int J Epidemiol 2005; 34: 413-21.
23. Palmieri L, Panico S, Vanuzzo D, Ferrario M, Pilotto L, Sega R, Cesana G, Giampaoli S; Gruppo di Ricerca del Progetto CUORE. Evaluation of the global cardiovascular absolute risk: the Progetto CUORE individual score [in Italian]. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2004; 40: 393-9.
24. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC Jr, Spertus JA, Costa F; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005; 112: 2735-52.
25. Mancia G, Facchetti R, Bombelli M, Polo Friz H, Grassi G, Giannattasio C, Sega R. Relationship of office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure to blood glucose and lipid variables in the PAMELA population. Hypertension 2005; 45: 1072-7.
26. Haffner SM, Miettienen H, Gaskill SP, Stern MP. Metabolic precursors of hypertension. The San Antonio Heart Study. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1994-2001.
27. Lewington S, MacMahon S. Blood pressure, cholesterol and common causes of death: a review. Prospective studies collaboration. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12: 96S-98S.
28. Meigs JB, Nathan DM, D'Agostino RB, Wilson PW. Framingham Offspring Study. Fasting and postchallenge glycemia and cardiovascular disease risk: the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes Care 2002; 25: 1845-50.
29. Parati G, Pomidossi G, Casadei R, Mancia G. Lack of alerting reactions to intermittent cuff inflations during noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. Hypertension 1985; 7: 597-601.
30. Yum SI, Roe J. Capillary blood sampling for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Technol Ther 1999; 1: 29-37.