The role of anti-core antibody response in the detection of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 23-29

  Urbani, Simona ^a   Fagnoni, Francesco ^a   Missale, Gabriele ^a   Franchini, Massimo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PARMA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anti core antibody response; HBV core (HBc); Hepatitis B virus (HBV); Occult hepatitis B nfection; Reactivation; Transfusion; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; VIRUS ANTIGEN; VIRUS DNA;

ANTIBODY RESPONSE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GOLD STANDARD; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; OCCULT BLOOD TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL; VIRUS GENOME; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

HEPATITIS B VIRUS;

EID: 74549219387     PISSN: 14346621     EISSN: 14374331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2010.002     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. NIH consensus development statement on management of hepatitis B. NIH Consens State Sci Statements 2008;25:1-29.
2. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2009;50:227-242
3. Ganem D, Prince AM. Hepatitis B virus infection-natural history and clinical consequences. N Engl J Med 2004;350: 1118-1129
4. Kremsdorf D, Soussan P, Paterlini-Brechot P, Brechot C. Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: paradigms for viral-related human carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2006;25:3823-3833
5. Chan HL, Sung JJ. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. Semin Liver Dis 2006;26:153-161
6. Chen PJ, Chen DS. Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular genetics and clinical perspectives. Sem Liver Dis 1999;19:253-263
7. Cougot D, Neuveut C, Buendia MA. HBV induced carcinogenesis. J Clin Virol 2005;34(Suppl 1):S75-8.
8. Torbenson M, Thomas DL. Occult hepatitis B. Lancet Infect Dis 2002;2:479-486
9. Raimondo G, Pollicino T, Cacciola I, Squadrito G. Occult hepatitis B infection. J Hepatol 2007;46:160-170
10. Conjeevaram HS, Lok AS. Occult hepatitis B virus infection: a hidden menace? Hepatology 2001;34:204-206
11. Raimondo G, Allain JP, Brunetto MR, Buendia MA, Chen DS, Colombo M, et al. Statements from the Taormina expert meeting on occult hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2008;49: 652-657
12. Hoofnagle JH. Reactivation of hepatitis B. Hepatology 2009; 49(Suppl 5):S156-65.
13. Liang R. How I treat and monitor viral hepatitis B infection in patients receiving intensive immunosuppressive therapies or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2009;113:3147-3153
14. Allain JP. Occult hepatitis B virus infection: implications in transfusion. Vox Sang 2004;86:83-91.
15. Singer AL, Kucirka LM, Namuyinga R, Hanrahan C, Subramanian AK, Segev DL. The high-risk donor: viral infections in solid organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2008;13:400-404
16. Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus transmission in organ, tissue, and cell transplantation. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1041-1043
17. Raimondo G, Pollicino T, Squadrito G. What is the clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection? Lancet 2005;365: 638-640
18. Bréchot C, Thiers V, Kremsdorf D, Nalpas B, Pol S, Paterlini-Bréchot P. Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen: clinically significant or purely "occult"? Hepatology 2001;34:194-203.
19. Chemin I, Trépo C. Clinical impact of occult HBV infections. J Clin Virol 2005;34(Suppl 1):S15-21.
20. Zoulim F. New insight on hepatitis B virus persistence from the study of intrahepatic viral cccDNA. J Hepatol 2005;42: 302-308
21. Pollicino T, Belloni L, Raffa G, Pediconi N, Squadrito G, Raimondo G, et al. Hepatitis B virus replication is regulated by the acetylation status of hepatitis B virus cccDNA-bound H3 and H4 histones. Gastroenterology 2006;130:823-837
22. Chen SY, Kao CF, Chen CM, Shih CM, Hsu MJ, Chao CH, et al. Mechanisms for inhibition of hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication by hepatitis C virus core protein. J Biol Chem 2003;278:591-607.
23. Shih CM, Lo SJ, Miyamura T, Chen SY, Lee YH. Suppression of hepatitis B virus expression and replication by hepatitis C virus protein in HuH-7 cells. J Virol 1993;67:5823-5832
24. Doitsh G, Shaul Y. HBV transcription repression in response to genotoxic stress is p53-dependent and abrogated by pX. Oncogene 1999;18:7506-7513
25. Bertoletti A, Ferrari C. Kinetics of the immune response during HBV and HCV infection. Hepatology 2003;38:4-13.
26. Rehermann B, Ferrari C, Pasquinelli C, Chisari FV. The hepatitis B virus persists for decades after patients' recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. Nat Med 1996;2:1104-1108
27. Zerbini A, Pilli M, Boni C, Fisicaro P, Penna A, Di Vincenzo P, et al. The characteristics of the cell-mediated immune response identify different profiles of occult hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 2008;134:1470-1481
28. Chazouillères O, Mamish D, Kim M, Carey K, Ferrell L, Roberts JP, et al. "Occult" hepatitis B virus as source of infection in liver transplant recipients. Lancet 1994;343:142-146
29. Dickson RC, Everhart JE, Lake JR, Wei Y, Seaberg EC, Wiesner RH, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B by transplantation of livers from donors positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Transplantation Database. Gastroenterology 1997;113:1668-1674
30. Uemoto S, Sugiyama K, Marusawa H, Inomata Y, Asonuma K, Egawa H, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B virus from hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors in living related liver transplants. Transplantation 1998;65:494-499
31. Mutimer D. Review article: hepatitis B and liver transplantation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:1031-1041
32. Muñoz SJ. Use of hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002;8(Suppl 1):S82-7.
33. De Feo TM, Poli F, Mozzi F, Moretti MP, Scalamogna M. Collaborative Kidney, Liver and Heart North Italy Transplant Program Study Groups. Risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus from anti-HBC positive cadaveric organ donors: a collaborative study. Transplant Proc 2005;37:1238-1239
34. Ishiga K, Kawatani T, Suou T, Tajima F, Omura H, Idobe Y, et al. Fulminant hepatitis type B after chemotherapy in a serologically negative hepatitis B virus carrier with acute myelogenous leukemia. Int J Hematol 2001;73:115-118
35. Kawatani T, Suou T, Tajima F, Ishiga K, Omura H, Endo A, et al. Incidence of hepatitis virus infection and severe liver dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Eur J Haematol 2001;51:45-50.
36. Altfeld M, Rockstroh JK, Addo M, Kupfer B, Pult I, Will H, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B in a long-term anti-HBs-positive patient with AIDS following lamivudine withdrawal. J Hepatol 1998;29:306-309
37. Hui CK, Cheung WW, Zhang HY, Au WY, Yueng YH, Leung AY, et al. Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 2006;131:59-68.
38. Persico E, De Renzo A, La Mura V, Bruno S, Masarone M, Torella R, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the need for early diagnosis in anti-Hbc positive patients. Gut 2007;56:1470-1471
39. Yeo W, Chan TC, Leung NW, Lam WY, Mo FK, Chu MT, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in lymphoma patients with prior resolved hepatitis B undergoing anticancer therapy with or without rituximab. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:605-611
40. Puoti M, Torti C, Bruno R, Filice G, Carosi G. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B in co-infected patients. J Hepatol 2006; 44(Suppl 1):S65-70.
41. Saraswat S, Banerjee K, Chaudhury N, Mahant T, Khandekar P, Gupta RK, et al. Post-transfusion hepatitis type B following multiple transfusions of HBsAg-negative blood. J Hepatol 1996;25:639-643
42. Liu CJ, Lo SC, Kao JH, Tseng PT, Lai MY, Ni YH, et al. Transmission of occult hepatitis B virus by transfusion to adult and pediatric recipients in Taiwan. J Hepatol 2006;44:39-46.
43. Liu CJ, Chen DS, Chen PJ. Epidemiology of HBV infection in Asian blood donors: emphasis on occult HBV infection and the role of NAT. J Clin Virol 2006;36(Suppl 1):S33-44.
44. Pollicino T, Squadrito G, Cerenzia G, Cacciola I, Raffa G, Craxi A, et al. Hepatitis B virus maintains its pro-oncogenic properties in the case of occult HBV infection. Gastroenterology 2004;126:102-110
45. Cacciola I, Pollicino T, Squadrito G, Cerenzia G, Orlando ME, Raimondo G. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C liver disease. N Engl J Med 1999;341:22-26
46. Lee WM. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:1733-1745
47. Clarke BE, Newton SE, Carroll AR. Improved immunogenicity of a peptid epitope after fusion to hepatitis B core protein. Nature 1987;330:381-384
48. Milich DR, McLachlan A, Stahl S, Wingfield P, Thornton GB, Hughes JL, et al. Comparative immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus core and E antigens. J Immunol 1988;141:3617-3624
49. Tsutsumi Y, Kakumu S, Wakita T, Yoshioka K, Ishikawa T. In vitro production of antibody to hepatitis B core and E antigens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Immunol 1990;144:2389-2393
50. Ferrari C, Penna A, Bertoletti A, Valli A, Antoni AD, Giuberti T, et al. Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus-encoded antigens in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Immunol 1990;145:3442-3449
51. Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Serologic diagnosis of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 1991;11:73-83.
52. Mushahwar IK, Dienstag JL, Polesky HF, McGrath LC, Decker RH, Overby LR. Interpretation of various serological profiles of hepatitis B virus infection. Am J Clin Pathol 1981;76:773-777
53. Milich DR, Sallberg M, Maruyama T. The humoral immune response in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1995;17:149-166
54. Grob P, Jilg W, Bornhak H, Gerken G, Gerlich W, Günther S. Serological pattern "anti-HBc alone": report on a workshop. J Med Virol 2000;62:450-455
55. Weber B, Melchior W, Gehrke R, Doerr HW, Berger A, Rabenau H. Hepatitis B virus markers in anti-HBc only positive individuals. J Med Virol 2001;64:312-319
56. Vitale F, Tramuto F, Orlando A, Vizzini G, Meli V, Cerame G, et al. Can the serological status of anti-HBc alone be considered a sentinel marker for detection of occult HBV infection? J Med Virol 2008;80:577-582
57. Manzini P, Girotto M, Borsotti R, Giachino O, Guaschino R, Lanteri M, et al. Italian blood donors with anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection. Haematologica 2007;92:1664-1670
58. Kupski C, Träsel FR, Mazzoleni F, Winckler MA, Bender AL, Machado DC, et al. Serologic and molecular profile of anti- HBc-positive blood bank donors in an area of low endemicity for HBV. Dig Dis Sci 2008;53:1370-1374
59. Coffin CS, Pham TN, Mulrooney PM, Churchill ND, Michalak TI. Persistence of isolated antibodies to woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen is indicative of occult infection. Hepatology 2004;40:1053-1061
60. Comanor L, Holland P. Hepatitis B virus blood screening: unfinished agendas. Vox Sang 2006;91:1-12.
61. Gerlich WH, Glebe D, Schüttler CG. Deficiencies in the standardization and sensitivity of diagnostic tests for Hepatitis B virus. J Viral Hepat 2007;14(Suppl 1):16-21.
62. Hollinger FB. Hepatitis B virus infection and transfusion medicine: science and the occult. Transfusion 2008;48:1001-1026
63. Samuel D, Forns X, Berenguer M, Trautwein C, Burroughs A, Rizzetto M, et al. Report of the monothematic EASL conference on liver transplantation for viral hepatitis (Paris, France, January 12-14, 2006). J Hepatol 2006;45:127-143
64. Marusawa H, Uemoto S, Hijikata M, Ueda Y, Tanaka K, Shimotohno K, et al. Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. Hepatology 2000;31:488-495
65. Raimondo G, Navarra G, Mondello S, Costantino L, Colloredo G, Cucinotta E. Occult hepatitis B virus in liver tissue of individuals without hepatic disease. J Hepatol 2008;48:743-746
66. Hoofnagle JH, Seeff LB, Bales ZB, Zimmerman HJ. Type B hepatitis after transfusion with blood containing antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1379-1383
67. Satake M, Taira R, Yugi H, Hino S, Kanemitsu K, Ikeda H, et al. Infectivity of blood components with low hepatitis B virus DNA levels identified in a lookback program. Transfusion 2007;47:1197-1205
68. Yotsuyanagi H, Yasuda K, Moriya K, Shintani Y, Fujie H, Tsutsumi T. Frequent presence of HBV in the sera of HBsAgnegative, anti-HBc-positive blood donors. Transfusion 2001;41: 1093-1099
69. Inaba S, Ito A, Miyata Y, Ishii H, Kajimoto S, Tanaka M. Individual nucleic amplification technology does not prevent all hepatitis B virus transmission by blood transfusion. Transfusion 2006;46:2028-2029
70. O'Brien SF, Fearon MA, Yi QL, Fan W, Scalia V, Muntz IR, et al. Hepatitis B virus DNA-positive, hepatitis B surface antigen- negative blood donations intercepted by anti-hepatitis B core antigen testing: the Canadian Blood Services experience. Transfusion 2007;47:1809-1815
71. Biswas R, Tabor E, Hsia CC, Wright DJ, Laycock ME, Fiebig EW, et al. Comparative sensitivity of HBV NATs and HBsAg assays for detection of acute HBV infection. Transfusion 2003; 43:788-798
72. Yugi H, Mizui M, Tanaka J, Yoshizawa H. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening strategy to ensure the safety of blood for transfusion through a combination of immunological testing and nucleic acid amplification testing-Japanese experience. J Clin Virol 2006;36(Suppl 1):S56-64.
73. Kleinman SH, Kuhns MC, Todd DS, Glynn SA, McNamara A, DiMarco A, et al. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. Frequency of HBV DNA detection in US blood donors testing positive for the presence of anti-HBc: implications for transfusion transmission and donor screening. Transfusion 2003; 43:696-704.
74. Allain JP, Hewitt PE, Tedder RS, Williamson LM. Evidence that anti-HBc but not HBV DNA testing may prevent some HBV transmission by transfusion. Br J Haematol 1999;107: 186-195
75. Minuk GY, Sun DF, Uhanova J, Zhang M, Caouette S, Nicolle LE, et al. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a North American community-based population. J Hepatol 2005;42:480-485
76. Kuhns MC, Busch MP. New strategies for blood donor screening for hepatitis B virus: nucleic acid testing versus immunoassay methods. Mol Diagn Ther 2006;10:77-91.
77. Niederhauser C, Mansouri Taleghani B, Graziani M, Stolz M, Tinguely C, Schneider P, et al. Blood donor screening: how to decrease the risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus? Swiss Med Wkly 2008;138:134-141