메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 350, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 1118-1129

Hepatitis B Virus Infection - Natural History and Clinical Consequences

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADEFOVIR; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CLEVUDINE; EMTRICITABINE; ENTECAVIR; HEPATITIS B ANTIBODY; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; HEPATITIS B(E) ANTIGEN; INTERFERON; LAMIVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; THYMIDINE; VIRUS DNA;

EID: 1542316127     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra031087     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2065)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 85004559135 scopus 로고
    • Infectious hepatitis: Evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection
    • Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J. Infectious hepatitis: evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection. JAMA 1967;200: 365-73.
    • (1967) JAMA , vol.200 , pp. 365-373
    • Krugman, S.1    Giles, J.P.2    Hammond, J.3
  • 2
    • 1542324227 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical studies on the etiology of anicteric hepatitis in Korea
    • Prince AM, Fuji H, Gershon RK. Immunohistochemical studies on the etiology of anicteric hepatitis in Korea. Am J Hyg 1964; 79:365-81.
    • (1964) Am J Hyg , vol.79 , pp. 365-381
    • Prince, A.M.1    Fuji, H.2    Gershon, R.K.3
  • 4
    • 0018772782 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of chronic active hepatitis in Korea
    • Prince AM, Gershon RK. The etiology of chronic active hepatitis in Korea. Yale J Biol Med 1979;52:159-67.
    • (1979) Yale J Biol Med , vol.52 , pp. 159-167
    • Prince, A.M.1    Gershon, R.K.2
  • 5
    • 76549181000 scopus 로고
    • A "new" antigen in leukemia sera
    • Blumberg BS, Alter HJ, Visnich S. A "new" antigen in leukemiasera. JAMA 1965;191:541-6.
    • (1965) JAMA , vol.191 , pp. 541-546
    • Blumberg, B.S.1    Alter, H.J.2    Visnich, S.3
  • 6
    • 0014428681 scopus 로고
    • Relation of Australia and SH antigens
    • Prince AM. Relation of Australia and SH antigens. Lancet 1968;2:462-3.
    • (1968) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 462-463
    • Prince, A.M.1
  • 7
    • 0014307579 scopus 로고
    • An antigen detected in the blood during the incubation period of serum hepatitis
    • Idem. An antigen detected in the blood during the incubation period of serum hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1968;60:814-21.
    • (1968) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.60 , pp. 814-821
    • Prince, A.M.1
  • 9
    • 0014941269 scopus 로고
    • Viral hepatitis: New light on an old disease
    • Krugman S, Giles JP. Viral hepatitis: new light on an old disease. JAMA 1970;212: 1019-29.
    • (1970) JAMA , vol.212 , pp. 1019-1029
    • Krugman, S.1    Giles, J.P.2
  • 10
    • 0023782556 scopus 로고
    • Use of animal models to study hepatitis B viruses
    • Marion PL. Use of animal models to study hepatitis B viruses. Prog Med Virol 1988;35:43-75.
    • (1988) Prog Med Virol , vol.35 , pp. 43-75
    • Marion, P.L.1
  • 11
    • 0024043073 scopus 로고
    • Systemic distribution of woodchuck hepatitis virus in the tissues of experimentally infected woodchucks
    • Korba BE, Gowans EJ, Wells FV, Tennant BC, Clarke R, Gerin JL. Systemic distribution of woodchuck hepatitis virus in the tissues of experimentally infected woodchucks. Virology 1988;165:172-81.
    • (1988) Virology , vol.165 , pp. 172-181
    • Korba, B.E.1    Gowans, E.J.2    Wells, F.V.3    Tennant, B.C.4    Clarke, R.5    Gerin, J.L.6
  • 12
    • 0020805940 scopus 로고
    • Viral nucleic acid synthesis and antigen accumulation in pancreas and kidney of Peking ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus
    • Halpern MS, England JM, Deery DT, Petcu DJ, Mason WS, Molnar-Kimber KL. Viral nucleic acid synthesis and antigen accumulation in pancreas and kidney of Peking ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983;80:4865-9.
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.80 , pp. 4865-4869
    • Halpern, M.S.1    England, J.M.2    Deery, D.T.3    Petcu, D.J.4    Mason, W.S.5    Molnar-Kimber, K.L.6
  • 13
    • 0016758947 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus infection in chimpanzees: Titration of subtypes
    • Barker LF, MaynardJE, Purcell RH, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in chimpanzees: titration of subtypes. J Infect Dis 1975;132: 451-8.
    • (1975) J Infect Dis , vol.132 , pp. 451-458
    • Barker, L.F.1    Maynard, J.E.2    Purcell, R.H.3
  • 14
    • 0014932016 scopus 로고
    • Virus-like particles in the serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis
    • Dane DS, Cameron CH, Briggs M. Virus-like particles in the serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis. Lancet 1970;1:695-8.
    • (1970) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 695-698
    • Dane, D.S.1    Cameron, C.H.2    Briggs, M.3
  • 15
    • 0025782903 scopus 로고
    • Assembly of hepadnaviral virions and subviral particles
    • Ganem D. Assembly of hepadnaviral virions and subviral particles. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991;168:61-83.
    • (1991) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 61-83
    • Ganem, D.1
  • 16
    • 0017181617 scopus 로고
    • The virus of hepatitis, type B
    • Robinson WS, Lutwick LI. The virus of hepatitis, type B. N Engl J Med 1976;295: 1168-75.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.295 , pp. 1168-1175
    • Robinson, W.S.1    Lutwick, L.I.2
  • 17
    • 0016818908 scopus 로고
    • Genome of hepatitis B virus: Restriction enzyme cleavage and structure of DNA extracted from Dane particles
    • Summers J, O'Connell A, Millman I. Genome of hepatitis B virus: restriction enzyme cleavage and structure of DNA extracted from Dane particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975;72:4597-601.
    • (1975) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.72 , pp. 4597-4601
    • Summers, J.1    O'Connell, A.2    Millman, I.3
  • 18
    • 0036019518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B viral genotypes: Clinical relevance and molecular characteristics
    • Kao J-H. Hepatitis B viral genotypes: clinical relevance and molecular characteristics. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;17:643-50.
    • (2002) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.17 , pp. 643-650
    • Kao, J.-H.1
  • 19
    • 0001435504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepadnaviridae: The viruses and their replication
    • Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Ganem D, Schneider RJ. Hepadnaviridae: the viruses and their replication. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields virology, 4th ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001:2923-69.
    • (2001) Fields Virology, 4th Ed. , vol.2 , pp. 2923-2969
    • Ganem, D.1    Schneider, R.J.2
  • 20
    • 0027430748 scopus 로고
    • Hepadnavirus infection requires interaction between the viral pre-S domain and a specific hepatocellular receptor
    • Klingmüller U, Schaller H. Hepadnavirus infection requires interaction between the viral pre-S domain and a specific hepatocellular receptor. J Virol 1993;67:7414-22.
    • (1993) J Virol , vol.67 , pp. 7414-7422
    • Klingmüller, U.1    Schaller, H.2
  • 21
    • 0026034960 scopus 로고
    • The role of envelope proteins in hepatitis B virus assembly
    • Bruss V, Ganem D. The role of envelope proteins in hepatitis B virus assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:1059-63.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 1059-1063
    • Bruss, V.1    Ganem, D.2
  • 22
    • 0020636679 scopus 로고
    • Immunochemical structure of hepatitis B e antigen in the serum
    • Takahashi K, Machida A, Funatsu G, et al. Immunochemical structure of hepatitis B e antigen in the serum. J Immunol 1983; 130:2903-7.
    • (1983) J Immunol , vol.130 , pp. 2903-2907
    • Takahashi, K.1    Machida, A.2    Funatsu, G.3
  • 23
    • 0025236260 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B viruses with precore region defects prevail in persistently infected hosts along with seroconversion to the antibody against e antigen
    • Okamoto H, Yotsumoto S, Akahane Y, et al. Hepatitis B viruses with precore region defects prevail in persistently infected hosts along with seroconversion to the antibody against e antigen. J Virol 1990;64:1298-303.
    • (1990) J Virol , vol.64 , pp. 1298-1303
    • Okamoto, H.1    Yotsumoto, S.2    Akahane, Y.3
  • 24
    • 0028013064 scopus 로고
    • Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral infection in vivo
    • Zoulim F, Saputelli J, Seeger C. Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral infection in vivo. J Virol 1994;68: 2026-30.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 2026-2030
    • Zoulim, F.1    Saputelli, J.2    Seeger, C.3
  • 25
    • 0019949367 scopus 로고
    • Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate
    • Summers J, Mason WS. Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Cell 1982;29:403-15.
    • (1982) Cell , vol.29 , pp. 403-415
    • Summers, J.1    Mason, W.S.2
  • 26
    • 0023028191 scopus 로고
    • Formation of the pool of covalently closed circular viral DNA in hepadnavirus-infected cells
    • Tuttleman JS, Pourcel C, Summers J. Formation of the pool of covalently closed circular viral DNA in hepadnavirus-infected cells. Cell 1986;47:451-60.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.47 , pp. 451-460
    • Tuttleman, J.S.1    Pourcel, C.2    Summers, J.3
  • 27
    • 0023127729 scopus 로고
    • Replication strategy of human hepatitis B virus
    • Will H, Reiser W, Weimer T, et al. Replication strategy of human hepatitis B virus. J Virol 1987;61:904-11.
    • (1987) J Virol , vol.61 , pp. 904-911
    • Will, H.1    Reiser, W.2    Weimer, T.3
  • 28
    • 0028095240 scopus 로고
    • Site-specific RNA binding by a hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase initiates two distinct reactions: RNA packaging and DNA synthesis
    • Pollack JR, Ganem D. Site-specific RNA binding by a hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase initiates two distinct reactions: RNA packaging and DNA synthesis. J Virol 1994; 68:5579-87.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 5579-5587
    • Pollack, J.R.1    Ganem, D.2
  • 29
    • 0027494086 scopus 로고
    • Novel mechanism for reverse transcription in hepatitis B viruses
    • Wang GH, Seeger C. Novel mechanism for reverse transcription in hepatitis B viruses. J Virol 1993;67:6507-12.
    • (1993) J Virol , vol.67 , pp. 6507-6512
    • Wang, G.H.1    Seeger, C.2
  • 30
    • 0027531102 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers
    • de Franchis R, Meucci G, Vecchi M, et al. The natural history of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:191-4.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 191-194
    • De Franchis, R.1    Meucci, G.2    Vecchi, M.3
  • 31
  • 32
    • 0028916425 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis
    • Chisari FV, Ferrari C. Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis. Annu Rev Immunol 1995;13:29-60.
    • (1995) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 29-60
    • Chisari, F.V.1    Ferrari, C.2
  • 33
    • 0030067167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus transgenic mice: Models of viral immunobiology and pathogenesis
    • Chisari FV. Hepatitis B virus transgenic mice: models of viral immunobiology and pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996;206:149-73.
    • (1996) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.206 , pp. 149-173
    • Chisari, F.V.1
  • 35
    • 0036227740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of a nonclassical NKT cell subset in a transgenic mouse model of hepatitis B virus infection
    • Baron JL, Gardiner L, Nishimura S, Shinkai K, Locksley R, Ganem D. Activation of a nonclassical NKT cell subset in a transgenic mouse model of hepatitis B virus infection. Immunity 2002;16:583-94.
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.16 , pp. 583-594
    • Baron, J.L.1    Gardiner, L.2    Nishimura, S.3    Shinkai, K.4    Locksley, R.5    Ganem, D.6
  • 36
    • 0031924393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication during adenovirus and cytomegalovirus infections in transgenic mice
    • Cavanaugh VJ, Guidotti LG, Chisari FV. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication during adenovirus and cytomegalovirus infections in transgenic mice. J Virol 1998;72: 2630-7.
    • (1998) J Virol , vol.72 , pp. 2630-2637
    • Cavanaugh, V.J.1    Guidotti, L.G.2    Chisari, F.V.3
  • 37
    • 0027524806 scopus 로고
    • Clinical aspects of hepatitis B virus infection
    • Wright TL, Lau JY. Clinical aspects of hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet 1993;342: 1340-4.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1340-1344
    • Wright, T.L.1    Lau, J.Y.2
  • 38
    • 0019517252 scopus 로고
    • Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection
    • Hoofnagle JH. Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection. Annu Rev Med 1981; 32:1-11.
    • (1981) Annu Rev Med , vol.32 , pp. 1-11
    • Hoofnagle, J.H.1
  • 40
    • 0027941175 scopus 로고
    • Woodchuck hepatitis virus infections: Very rapid recovery after a prolonged viremia and infection of virtually every hepatocyte
    • Kajino K, Jilbert AR, Saputelli J, Aldrich CE, Cullen J, Mason WS. Woodchuck hepatitis virus infections: very rapid recovery after a prolonged viremia and infection of virtually every hepatocyte. J Virol 1994;68: 5792-803.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 5792-5803
    • Kajino, K.1    Jilbert, A.R.2    Saputelli, J.3    Aldrich, C.E.4    Cullen, J.5    Mason, W.S.6
  • 41
    • 0017356150 scopus 로고
    • Contagiousness of acute hepatitis B: Secondary attack rates in household contacts
    • Koff RS, Slavin MM, Connelly JD, Rosen DR, Contagiousness of acute hepatitis B: secondary attack rates in household contacts. Gastroenterology 1977;72:297-300.
    • (1977) Gastroenterology , vol.72 , pp. 297-300
    • Koff, R.S.1    Slavin, M.M.2    Connelly, J.D.3    Rosen, D.R.4
  • 42
    • 0035081086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectivity of blood from PCR-positive, HBsAgnegative, anti-HBs-positive cases of resolved hepatitis B infection
    • Prince AM, Lee D-H, Brotman B. Infectivity of blood from PCR-positive, HBsAgnegative, anti-HBs-positive cases of resolved hepatitis B infection. Transfusion 2001;41: 329-32.
    • (2001) Transfusion , vol.41 , pp. 329-332
    • Prince, A.M.1    Lee, D.-H.2    Brotman, B.3
  • 43
    • 0033956369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive and accurate quantitation of hepatitis B virus DNA using a kinetic fluorescence detection system (TaqMan PCR)
    • Weinberger KM, Wiedenmann E, Bohm S, Jilg W. Sensitive and accurate quantitation of hepatitis B virus DNA using a kinetic fluorescence detection system (TaqMan PCR). J Virol Methods 2000;85:75-82.
    • (2000) J Virol Methods , vol.85 , pp. 75-82
    • Weinberger, K.M.1    Wiedenmann, E.2    Bohm, S.3    Jilg, W.4
  • 44
    • 0036883673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a dynamic host-parasite relationship in e-negative hepatitis B carriers
    • Tedder RS, Ijaz S, Gilbert N, et al. Evidence for a dynamic host-parasite relationship in e-negative hepatitis B carriers. J Med Virol 2002;68:505-12.
    • (2002) J Med Virol , vol.68 , pp. 505-512
    • Tedder, R.S.1    Ijaz, S.2    Gilbert, N.3
  • 45
    • 0036916045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of clinical and virological factors with hepatitis activity in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients
    • Sung J, Chan HL-Y, Wong ML, et al. Relationship of clinical and virological factors with hepatitis activity in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients. J Viral Hepat 2002;9:229-34.
    • (2002) J Viral Hepat , vol.9 , pp. 229-234
    • Sung, J.1    Chan, H.L.-Y.2    Wong, M.L.3
  • 46
    • 0025729803 scopus 로고
    • Wild-type and e antigen-minus hepatitis B viruses and course of chronic hepatitis
    • Brunetto MR, Giarin MM, Oliveri F, et al. Wild-type and e antigen-minus hepatitis B viruses and course of chronic hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991;88:4186-90.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.88 , pp. 4186-4190
    • Brunetto, M.R.1    Giarin, M.M.2    Oliveri, F.3
  • 47
    • 0035189597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hepatitis B
    • Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001;34:1225-41.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 1225-1241
    • Lok, A.S.1    McMahon, B.J.2
  • 48
    • 0023933449 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus: The major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Beasley RP. Hepatitis B virus: the major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1988;61:1942-56.
    • (1988) Cancer , vol.61 , pp. 1942-1956
    • Beasley, R.P.1
  • 49
    • 84984555343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Yang H-I, Lu S-N, Liaw Y-F, et al. Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2002;347:168-74.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 168-174
    • Yang, H.-I.1    Lu, S.-N.2    Liaw, Y.-F.3
  • 50
    • 0025167175 scopus 로고
    • Frequent activation of N-myc genes by hepadnavirus insertion in woodchuck liver tumours
    • Fourel G, Trepo C, Bougueleret L, et al. Frequent activation of N-myc genes by hepadnavirus insertion in woodchuck liver tumours. Nature 1990;347:294-8.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 294-298
    • Fourel, G.1    Trepo, C.2    Bougueleret, L.3
  • 51
    • 0025007987 scopus 로고
    • Integration of hepatitis B virus DNA and its implications for hepatocarcinogenesis
    • Matsubara K, Tokino F. Integration of hepatitis B virus DNA and its implications for hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Biol Med 1990;7:243-60.
    • (1990) Mol Biol Med , vol.7 , pp. 243-260
    • Matsubara, K.1    Tokino, F.2
  • 53
    • 0025907983 scopus 로고
    • HBx gene of hepatitis B virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice
    • Kim CM, Koike K, Saito I, Miyamura T, Jay G. HBx gene of hepatitis B virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice. Nature 1991; 351:317-20.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 317-320
    • Kim, C.M.1    Koike, K.2    Saito, I.3    Miyamura, T.4    Jay, G.5
  • 54
    • 0026808738 scopus 로고
    • The hepatitis B virus pre-S/S(t) transactivator is generated by 3′ truncations within a defined region of the S gene
    • Lauer U, Weiss L, Hofschneider PH, Kekule AS. The hepatitis B virus pre-S/S(t) transactivator is generated by 3′ truncations within a defined region of the S gene. J Virol 1992;66:5284-9.
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.66 , pp. 5284-5289
    • Lauer, U.1    Weiss, L.2    Hofschneider, P.H.3    Kekule, A.S.4
  • 55
    • 0023762809 scopus 로고
    • Development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: A prospective study
    • Liaw YF, Tai DI, Chu CM, Chen TJ. Development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: a prospective study. Hepatology 1988;8:493-6.
    • (1988) Hepatology , vol.8 , pp. 493-496
    • Liaw, Y.F.1    Tai, D.I.2    Chu, C.M.3    Chen, T.J.4
  • 56
    • 0037468406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B
    • Hadziyannis SJ, Tassopoulos NC, Heathcote EJ, et al. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2003;348:800-7. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1192.]
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 800-807
    • Hadziyannis, S.J.1    Tassopoulos, N.C.2    Heathcote, E.J.3
  • 57
    • 0037456731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erratum
    • Hadziyannis SJ, Tassopoulos NC, Heathcote EJ, et al. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2003;348:800-7. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1192.]
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1192
  • 58
    • 0029893146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B
    • Niederau C, Heintges T, Lange S, et al. Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1422-7.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1422-1427
    • Niederau, C.1    Heintges, T.2    Lange, S.3
  • 59
    • 0027378724 scopus 로고
    • Effect of alpha-interferon in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B: A meta-analysis
    • Wong DK, Cheung A, O'Rourke K, et al. Effect of alpha-interferon in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:312-23.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 312-323
    • Wong, D.K.1    Cheung, A.2    O'Rourke, K.3
  • 60
    • 0032032927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon decreases hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with cirrhosis caused by the hepatitis B virus: A pilot study
    • Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Suzuki Y, et al. Interferon decreases hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with cirrhosis caused by the hepatitis B virus: a pilot study. Cancer 1998; 82:827-35.
    • (1998) Cancer , vol.82 , pp. 827-835
    • Ikeda, K.1    Saitoh, S.2    Suzuki, Y.3
  • 61
    • 0036233698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects
    • Puoti M, Airoldi M, Bruno R, et al. Hepatitis B virus co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. AIDS Rev 2002;4:27-35.
    • (2002) AIDS Rev , vol.4 , pp. 27-35
    • Puoti, M.1    Airoldi, M.2    Bruno, R.3
  • 62
    • 0033592764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamivudine as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis B in the United States
    • Dienstag JL, Schiff ER, Wright TL, et al. Lamivudine as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis B in the United States. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1256-63.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 1256-1263
    • Dienstag, J.L.1    Schiff, E.R.2    Wright, T.L.3
  • 63
    • 17544369393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B
    • Villeneuve JP, Condreay LD, Willems B, et al. Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2000;31:207-10.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , pp. 207-210
    • Villeneuve, J.P.1    Condreay, L.D.2    Willems, B.3
  • 64
    • 0034984582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyarteritis nodosa and extrahepatic manifestations of HBV infection: The case against autoimmune intervention in pathogenesis
    • Trepo C, Guillevin L. Polyarteritis nodosa and extrahepatic manifestations of HBV infection: the case against autoimmune intervention in pathogenesis. J Autoimmun 2001;16:269-74.
    • (2001) J Autoimmun , vol.16 , pp. 269-274
    • Trepo, C.1    Guillevin, L.2
  • 65
    • 0032869876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pretherapy alanine transaminase level as a determinant for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B
    • Chien RN, Liaw YF, Atkins M. Pretherapy alanine transaminase level as a determinant for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 1999; 30:770-4.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , pp. 770-774
    • Chien, R.N.1    Liaw, Y.F.2    Atkins, M.3
  • 66
    • 0031938029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective
    • Melegari M, Scaglioni PP, Wands JR. Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective. Hepatology 1998;27:628-33.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , pp. 628-633
    • Melegari, M.1    Scaglioni, P.P.2    Wands, J.R.3
  • 67
    • 0034235528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of extended lamivudine therapy in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B
    • Liaw YF, Cheung NW, Chang TT, et al. Effects of extended lamivudine therapy in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2000;119:172-80.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.119 , pp. 172-180
    • Liaw, Y.F.1    Cheung, N.W.2    Chang, T.T.3
  • 68
    • 0033839986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection after withdrawal of lamivudine therapy
    • Honkoop P, de Man RA, Niesters HG, Zondervan PE, Schalm SW. Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection after withdrawal of lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2000;32:635-9.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.32 , pp. 635-639
    • Honkoop, P.1    De Man, R.A.2    Niesters, H.G.3    Zondervan, P.E.4    Schalm, S.W.5
  • 69
    • 0037468421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B
    • Marcellin P, Chang T-T, Lim SG, et al. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2003;348:808-16.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 808-816
    • Marcellin, P.1    Chang, T.-T.2    Lim, S.G.3
  • 70
    • 0034108712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the replication of the DNA polymerase M550V mutation variant of human hepatitis B virus by adefovir, tenofovir, L-FMAU, DAPD, penciclovir and lobucavir
    • Ying C, De Clercq E, Nicholson W, Furman P, Neyts L. Inhibition of the replication of the DNA polymerase M550V mutation variant of human hepatitis B virus by adefovir, tenofovir, L-FMAU, DAPD, penciclovir and lobucavir. J Viral Hepat 2000;7:161-5.
    • (2000) J Viral Hepat , vol.7 , pp. 161-165
    • Ying, C.1    De Clercq, E.2    Nicholson, W.3    Furman, P.4    Neyts, L.5
  • 71
    • 0034235905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B mutants
    • Petrillo R, Schiff E, Yoshida E, etal. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B mutants. Hepatology 2000;32:129-34.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.32 , pp. 129-134
    • Petrillo, R.1    Schiff, E.2    Yoshida, E.3
  • 72
    • 18444383362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance surveillance in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil for up to 60 weeks
    • Yang H, Westland CE, Delaney WE IV, et al. Resistance surveillance in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil for up to 60 weeks. Hepatology 2002;36: 464-73.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 464-473
    • Yang, H.1    Westland, C.E.2    Delaney IV, W.E.3
  • 73
    • 0037414988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label study of tenofovir in HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals
    • Nelson M, Portsmouth J, Stebbing J, et al. An open-label study of tenofovir in HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals. AIDS 2003;17:F7-F10.
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17
    • Nelson, M.1    Portsmouth, J.2    Stebbing, J.3
  • 74
    • 0037115019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy for chronic hepatitis B in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus-coinfected individuals for whom interferon-alpha and lamivudine therapy have failed
    • Ristig MB, Crippin J, Aberg JA, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy for chronic hepatitis B in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus-coinfected individuals for whom interferon-alpha and lamivudine therapy have failed. J Infect Dis 2002;186:1844-7.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.186 , pp. 1844-1847
    • Ristig, M.B.1    Crippin, J.2    Aberg, J.A.3
  • 75
    • 0036892435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entecavir is superior to lamivudine in reducing hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
    • Lai C-L, Kosmawati M, Lao J, et al. Entecavir is superior to lamivudine in reducing hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:1831-8.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , pp. 1831-1838
    • Lai, C.-L.1    Kosmawati, M.2    Lao, J.3
  • 76
    • 0034808628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral beta-L-nucleosides specific for hepatitis B virus infection
    • Standring DN, Bridges EG, Placidi L, et al. Antiviral beta-L-nucleosides specific for hepatitis B virus infection. Antivir Chem Chemother 2001;12:Suppl 1:119-29.
    • (2001) Antivir Chem Chemother , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 119-129
    • Standring, D.N.1    Bridges, E.G.2    Placidi, L.3
  • 77
    • 17944372114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibilities of wild-type or drug-resistant hepatitis B virus to (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane and 2′ -fluoro-5-methylbeta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil
    • Chin R, Shaw T, Torresi J, et al. In vitro susceptibilities of wild-type or drug-resistant hepatitis B virus to (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane and 2′-fluoro-5-methylbeta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:2495-501.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 2495-2501
    • Chin, R.1    Shaw, T.2    Torresi, J.3
  • 78
    • 0027369425 scopus 로고
    • Liver transplantation in European patients with the hepatitis B surface antigen
    • Samuel D, Muller R, Alexander G, et al. Liver transplantation in European patients with the hepatitis B surface antigen. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1842-7.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1842-1847
    • Samuel, D.1    Muller, R.2    Alexander, G.3
  • 79
    • 0029962626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients using a fixed dosing schedule of hepatitis B immunoglobulin
    • Terrault NA, Zhou S, Combs C, et al. Prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients using a fixed dosing schedule of hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Hepatology 1996;24:1327-33.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 1327-1333
    • Terrault, N.A.1    Zhou, S.2    Combs, C.3
  • 80
    • 0032899269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter study of lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B after liver transplantation
    • Perrillo R, Rakela J, Dienstag J, et al. Multicenter study of lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B after liver transplantation. Hepatology 1999;29:1581-6.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.29 , pp. 1581-1586
    • Perrillo, R.1    Rakela, J.2    Dienstag, J.3
  • 81
    • 0036234286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New era of liver transplantation for hepatitis B: 17-Year single-center experience
    • Anselmo DM, Ghobrial RM, Jung LC, et al. New era of liver transplantation for hepatitis B: 17-year single-center experience. Ann Surg 2002;235:611-20.
    • (2002) Ann Surg , vol.235 , pp. 611-620
    • Anselmo, D.M.1    Ghobrial, R.M.2    Jung, L.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.