Efficacy and tolerability of local estrogen therapy for urogenital atrophy

Menopause

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 194-203

  Archer, David F ^a  

^a EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Menopause; Postmenopausal estrogen therapy; Urogenital atrophy; Vaginal estrogen; Vaginal pH

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; FEMRING; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMENORRHEA; BREAST TENDERNESS; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DYSPAREUNIA; ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY; ESTROGEN THERAPY; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; PATIENT ATTITUDE; POSTMENOPAUSE; REVIEW; UTERUS BLEEDING; VAGINA ATROPHY; VAGINA RING; VAGINAL BURNING SENSATION; VAGINAL DISCOMFORT; VAGINAL DRYNESS; VAGINAL PRURITUS;

ADMINISTRATION, INTRAVAGINAL; ATROPHY; DYSPAREUNIA; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; POSTMENOPAUSE; URETHRA; URINARY INCONTINENCE; VAGINAL DISEASES;

EID: 74549190931     PISSN: 10723714     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181a95581     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Utian W. Menopause. In: Loue S, Sajatovic M, eds. Encyclopedia of Women's Health. New York: Kluwer Academic, 2004.
2. Graziottin A, Leiblum SR. Biological and psychosocial pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction during the menopausal transition. J Sex Med 2005;2:133-145.
3. The North American Menopause Society. The role of local vaginal estrogen for treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2007;14:355-369.
4. Cardozo L, Bachmann G, McClish D, Fonda D, Birgerson L. Meta-analysis of estrogen therapy in the management of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women: second report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:722-727.
5. Rymer J, Morris EP. Extracts from "clinical evidence": menopausal symptoms. BMJ 2000;321:1516-1519.
6. Dennerstein L, Dudley EC, Hopper JL, Guthrie JR, Burger HG. A prospective population-based study of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:351-358.
7. Pfisterer MH, Griffiths DJ, Schaefer W, Resnick NM. The effect of age on lower urinary tract function: a study in women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54:405-412.
8. Bachmann GA, Nevadunsky NS. Diagnosis and treatment of atrophic vaginitis. Am Fam Physician 2000;61:3090-3096.
9. Ballagh SA. Vaginal hormone therapy for urogenital and menopausal symptoms. Semin Reprod Med 2005;23:126-140.
10. Marwick C. Survey says patients expect little physician help on sex [Medical News & Perspectives]. JAMA 1999;281:2173-2174.
11. Bush TM, Bonomi AE, Nekhlyudov L, et al. How the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) influenced physicians' practice and attitudes. J Gen Intern Med 2007;22:1311-1316.
12. Castelo-Branco C, Cancelo MJ, Villero J, Nohales F, Julia MD. Management of post-menopausal vaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis. Maturitas 2005;52:S46-S52.
13. Seidl MM, Stewart DE. Alternative treatments for menopausal symptoms. Systematic review of scientific and lay literature. Can Fam Physician 1998;44:1299-1308.
14. Munro C, Stabenfeldt G, Cragun J, et al. Relationship of serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations to the excretion profiles of their major urinary metabolites as measured by enzyme immunoassay and radio-immunoassay. Clin Chem 1991;37:838-844.
15. Tsai CC, Semmens JP, Semmens EC, Lam CF, Lee FS. Vaginal physiology in postmenopausal women: pH value, transvaginal electro-potential difference, and estimated blood flow. South Med J 1987;80: 987-990.
16. Bergman A, Karram MM, Bhatia NN. Changes in urethral cytology following estrogen administration. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1990;29:211-213.
17. Smith P. Estrogens and the urogenital tract: studies on steroid hormone receptors and a clinical study on a new estradiol-releasing vaginal ring. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993;72:1-26.
18. Semmelink HJ, de Wilde PC, van Houwelingen JC, Vooijs GP. Histomorphometric study of the lower urogenital tract in pre-and post-menopausal women. Cytometry 1990;11:700-707.
19. Verelst M, Maltau JM, Orbo A. Computerised morphometric study of the paraurethral tissue in young and elderly women. Neurourol Urodyn 2002;21:529-533.
20. Notelovitz M. Estrogen therapy in the management of problems associated with urogenital ageing: a simple diagnostic test and the effect of the route of hormone administration. Maturitas 1995;22: S31-S33.
21. Sarrel PM. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on sexual psychophysiology and behavior in postmenopause. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000;9:S25-S32.
22. Semmens JP, Wagner G. Estrogen deprivation and vaginal function in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1982;248:445-448.
23. Cardozo LD, Wise BG, Benness CJ. Vaginal oestradiol for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in postmenopausal womenVa double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2001;21: 383-385.
24. Santen RJ, Pinkerton JV, Conaway M, et al. Treatment of urogenital atrophy with low-dose estradiol: preliminary results. Menopause 2002;9: 179-187.
25. Bhatia NN, Bergman A, Karram MM. Effects of estrogen on urethral function in women with urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:176-181. (Pubitemid 19055284)
26. Suckling JA, Kennedy R, Lethaby A, Roberts H. Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;4:CD001500.
27. Karram MM, Partoll L, Bilotta V, Angel O. Factors affecting detrusor contraction strength during voiding in women. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90: 723-726.
28. Pfisterer MH, Griffiths DJ, Rosenberg L, Schaefer W, Resnick NM. Parameters of bladder function in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal continent women without detrusor overactivity. Neurourol Urodyn 2007;26: 356-361.
29. Karram MM, Yeko TR, Sauer MV, Bhatia NN. Urodynamic changes following hormonal replacement therapy in women with premature ovarian failure. Obstet Gynecol 1989;74:208-211.
30. Stern JA, Hsieh YC, Schaeffer AJ. Residual urine in an elderly female population: novel implications for oral estrogen replacement and impact on recurrent urinary tract infection. J Urol 2004;171:768-770.
31. Crandall C. Vaginal estrogen preparations: a review of safety and efficacy for vaginal atrophy. J Womens Health 2002;11:857-877.
32. Long CY, Liu CM, Hsu SC, Chen YH, Wu CH, Tsai EM. A randomized comparative study of the effects of oral and topical estrogen therapy on the lower urinary tract of hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2006;85:155-160.
33. Perrotta C, Aznar M, Mejia R, Albert X, Ng C. Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;16:CD005131.
34. Scarabin P-Y, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G. Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembo-lism risk. Lancet 2003;362:428-432.
35. Sitruk-Ware R, Plu-Bureau G, Menard J, et al. Effects of oral and transvaginal ethinyl estradiol on hemostatic factors and hepatic proteins in a randomized, crossover study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92: 2074-2079.
36. Nichols KC, Schenkel L, Benson H. 17A-Estradiol for postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1984;39:230-245.
37. Long CY, Liu CM, Hsu SC, Wu CH, Wang CL, Tsai EM. A randomized comparative study of the effects of oral and topical estrogen therapy on the vaginal vascularization and sexual function in hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Menopause 2006;13:737-743.
38. Smith RN, Studd JW. Recent advances in hormone replacement therapy. Br J Hosp Med 1993;49:799-808.
39. Utian WH, Shoupe D, Bachmann G, Pinkerton JV, Pickar JH. Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil Steril 2001;75:1065-1079.
40. Manonai J, Theppisai U, Suthutvoravut S, Udomsubpayakul U, Chittacharoen A. The effect of estradiol vaginal tablet and conjugated estrogen cream on urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women: a comparative study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2001;27:255-260. (Pubitemid 33121175)
41. Nilsson K, Heimer G. Low-dose oestradiol in the treatment of urogenital oestrogen deficiencyVa pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Maturitas 1992;15:121-127.
42. Dugal R, Hesla K, Sordal T, Aase KH, Lilleeidet O, Wickstrom E. Comparison of usefulness of estradiol vaginal tablets and estriol vagitories for treatment of vaginal atrophy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000;79:293-297.
43. Bottiglione F, Volpe A, Esposito G, Aloysio DD. Transvaginal estriol administration in postmenopausal women: a double blind comparative study of two different doses. Maturitas 1995;22:227-232.
44. Rioux JE, Devlin C, Gelfand MM, Steinberg WM, Hepburn DS. 17A-Estradiol vaginal tablet versus conjugated equine estrogen vaginal cream to relieve menopausal atrophic vaginitis. Menopause 2000;7:156-161.
45. Carlstrom K, Pschera H, Lunell NO. Serum levels of oestrogens, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and sex-hormone-binding globulin during simultaneous vaginal administration of 17A-oestradiol and progesterone in the pre-and post-menopause. Maturitas 1988;10: 307-316.
46. Nilsson K, Heimer G. Low-dose 17A-oestradiol during maintenance therapyVa pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Maturitas 1995;21:33-38.
47. Food and Drug Administration News. FDA takes action against compounded menopause hormone therapy drugs. Available at: http:// www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ NEWS/2008/NEW01772.html; Accessed April, 8, 2009.
48. The North American Menopause Society. Estrogen and progestogen use in peri-and postmenopausal women: March 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2007;14:168-182.
49. Foidart JM, Vervliet J, Buytaert P. Efficacy of sustained-release vaginal oestriol in alleviating urogenital and systemic climacteric complaints. Maturitas 1991;13:99-107.
50. Raz R, Stamm WE. A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections. N Engl J Med 1993;329:753-756.
51. Barentsen R, van de Weijer PHM, Schram JHN. Continuous low dose estradiol released from a vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal cream for urogenital atrophy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997;71:73-80.
52. Naessen T, Berglund L, Ulmsten U. Bone loss in elderly women prevented by ultralow doses of parenteral 17A-estradiol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:115-119.
53. Naessen T, Rodriguez-Macias K, Lithell H. Serum lipid profile improved by ultra-low doses of 17A-estradiol in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2757-2762.
54. Passmore C, Knox N, McNamee B, deVries T. Serum oestradiol concentrations following single-dose administration of oestradiol acetate intravaginal rings (IVRs) delivering 50, 75, and 100 mcg/day oestradiol in healthy post-menopausal women. J Br Menopause Soc 2001;7:30.
55. Speroff L. Efficacy and tolerability of a novel estradiol vaginal ring for relief of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:823-834.
56. Bachmann G, Lobo RA, Gut R, Nachtigall L, Notelovitz M. Efficacy of low-dose estradiol vaginal tablets in the treatment of atrophic vaginitis: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:67-76.
57. Simon J, Nachtigall L, Gut R, Lang E, Archer DF, Utian W. Effective treatment of vaginal atrophy with an ultra-low-dose estradiol vaginal tablet. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:1053-1060.
58. Shulman LP, Portman DJ, Lee WC, et al. A retrospective managed care claims data analysis of medication adherence to vaginal estrogen therapy: implications for clinical practice. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008;17:569-578.
59. Cicinelli E. Intravaginal oestrogen and progestin administration: advantages and disadvantages. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008;22: 391-405.
60. Archer DF. Lower doses of oral estrogen and progestogens as treatment for postmenopausal women. Semin Reprod Med 2005;23:188-195.
61. Prestwood KM, Kenny AM, Unson C, Kulldorff M. The effect of low dose micronized 17A-estradiol on bone turnover, sex hormone levels, and side effects in older women: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4462-4469.
62. Symons J, Kempfert N, Speroff L. Vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women taking low-dose norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol combinations. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:366-372.
63. Utian WH, Burry KA, Archer DF, et al. Efficacy and safety of low, standard, and high dosages of an estradiol transdermal system (Esclim) compared with placebo on vasomotor symptoms in highly symptomatic menopausal patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:71-79.
64. Notelovitz M, Lenihan JP Jr, McDermott M, Kerber IJ, Nanavati N, Arce J-C. Initial 17A-estradiol dose for treating vasomotor symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:726-731.
65. Speroff L, Rowan J, Symons J, Genant H, Wilborn W. The comparative effect on bone density, endometrium, and lipids of continuous hormones as replacement therapy (CHART Study): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1996;276:1397-1403.
66. van de Weijer PH, Mattsson LA, Ylikorkala O. Benefits and risks of long-term low-dose oral continuous combined hormone therapy. Maturitas 2006;56:231-248.
67. Henriksson L, Stjernquist M, Boquist L, Alander U, Selinus I. A comparative multicenter study of the effects of continuous low-dose estradiol released from a new vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal pessaries in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:624-632.
68. Manonai J, Chittacharoen A, Theppisai U. Transvaginal color Doppler sonographic assessment of uterus and ovaries in postmenopausal women: the effect of local estrogen treatment. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006;127:222-226.
69. Weisberg E, Ayton R, Darling G, et al. Endometrial and vaginal effects of low-dose estradiol delivered by vaginal ring or vaginal tablet. Climacteric 2005;8:83-93.
70. Ettinger B. Rationale for use of lower estrogen doses for postmeno-pausal hormone therapy. Maturitas 2007;57:81-84.
71. Felding C, Mikkelsen AL, Clausen HV, Loft A, Larsen LG. Preoper-ative treatment with oestradiol in women scheduled for vaginal operation for genital prolapse. A randomised, double-blind trial. Maturitas 1992;15:241-249.
72. Mettler L, Olsen PG. Long-term treatment of atrophic vaginitis with low-dose oestradiol vaginal tablets. Maturitas 1991;14:23-31.
73. Holmgren P-A, Lindskog M, von Schoultz B. Vaginal rings for continuous low-dose release of oestradiol in the treatment of urogenital atrophy. Maturitas 1989;11:55-63.
74. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Control Trial. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-333.
75. Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee, Anderson GL, Limacher M, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in post-menopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1701-1712.