Resiquimod: A new immune response modifier with potential as a vaccine adjuvant for Th1 immune responses

Antiviral Research

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 79-83

  Wu, Jashin J ^a   Huang, David B ^b,c,d   Tyring, Stephen K ^e,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr H   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

^f CENTER FOR CLINICAL STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Genital herpes; Herpes simplex virus type 2; Immunomodulation; Resiquimod

Indexed keywords

HERPES SIMPLEX VACCINE; RESIQUIMOD;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; GENITAL HERPES; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; TH1 CELL; VIRUS INFECTION;

ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC; ADULT; ANIMALS; GUINEA PIGS; HERPES GENITALIS; HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN; HUMANS; IMIDAZOLES; TH1 CELLS; VIRAL VACCINES;

HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 2; SIMPLEXVIRUS;

EID: 7444231521     PISSN: 01663542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.07.002     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. W. Abramovits, and A.K. Gupta New therapy update: ALDARA (imiquimod cream, 5%) Skinmed 3 4 2004 215
2. C.L. Ahonen, S.J. Gibson, R.M. Smith, L.K. Pederson, J.M. Lindh, M.A. Tomai, and J.P. Vasilakos Dendritic cell maturation and subsequent enhanced T-cell stimulation induced with the novel synthetic immune response modifier R-848 Cell Immunol. 197 1 1999 62 72
3. S. Akira, and H. Hemmi Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family Immunol. Lett. 85 2 2003 85 95
4. D.I. Bernstein, C.J. Harrison, E.R. Tepe, A. Shahwan, and R.L. Miller Effect of imiquimod as an adjuvant for immunotherapy of genital HSV in guinea-pigs Vaccine 13 1 1995 72 76
5. D.I. Bernstein, C.J. Harrison, M.A. Tomai, and R.L. Miller Daily or weekly therapy with resiquimod (R-848) reduces genital recurrences in herpes simplex virus-infected guinea pigs during and after treatment J. Infect. Dis. 183 2001 844 849
6. D.I. Bernstein, R.L. Miller, and C.J. Harrison Adjuvant effects of imiquimod on a herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein vaccine in guinea pigs J. Infect. Dis. 167 3 1993 731 735
7. G.A. Bishop, Y. Hsing, B.S. Hostager, S.V. Jalukar, L.M. Ramirez, and M.A. Tomai Molecular mechanisms of B lymphocyte activation by the immune response modifier R-848 J. Immunol. 165 10 2000 5552 5557
8. G.A. Bishop, L.M. Ramirez, M. Baccam, L.K. Busch, L.K. Pederson, and M.A. Tomai The immune response modifier resiquimod mimics CD40-induced B cell activation Cell Immunol. 208 1 2001 9 17
9. F. Brugnolo, S. Sampognaro, F. Liotta, L. Cosmi, F. Annunziato, C. Manuelli, P. Campi, E. Maggi, S. Romagnani, and P. Parronchi The novel synthetic immune response modifier R-848 (resiquimod) shifts human allergen-specific CD4+ TH2 lymphocytes into IFN-gamma-producing cells J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 111 2 2003 380 388
10. S. Buates, and G. Matlashewski Treatment of experimental leishmaniasis with the immunomodulators imiquimod and S-28463: efficacy and mode of action J. Infect. Dis. 179 6 1999 1485 1494
11. R.P. Burns Jr., B. Ferbel, M. Tomai, R. Miller, and A.A. Gaspari The imidazoquinolines, imiquimod and R-848, induce functional, but not phenotypic, maturation of human epidermal Langerhans' cells Clin. Immunol. 94 1 2000 13 23
12. E. Claassen, W. de Leeuw, P. de Greeve, C. Hendriksen, and W. Boersma Freund's complete adjuvant: an effective but disagreeable formula Res. Immunol. 143 5 1992 478 483
13. L. Corey, and H.H. Handsfield Genital herpes and public health: addressing a global problem JAMA 283 6 2000 791 794
14. L. Corey, A. Wald, R. Patel, S.L. Sacks, S.K. Tyring, T. Warren, J.M. Douglas Jr., J. Paavonen, R.A. Morrow, K.R. Beutner, L.S. Stratchounsky, G. Mertz, O.N. Keene, H.A. Watson, D. Tait Vargas-Cortes M and Group, V.H.T.S Once-daily valacyclovir to reduce the risk of transmission of genital herpes N. Engl. J. Med. 350 1 2004 11 20
15. D.H. Dockrell, and G.R. Kinghorn Imiquimod and resiquimod as novel immunomodulators J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 48 6 2001 751 755
16. A.D. Edwards, S.S. Diebold, E.M. Slack, H. Tomizawa, H. Hemmi, T. Kaisho, S. Akira, E. Reis, and C. Sousa Toll-like receptor expression in murine DC subsets: lack of TLR7 expression by CD8 alpha+ DC correlates with unresponsiveness to imidazoquinolines Eur. J. Immunol. 33 4 2003 827 833
17. K.H. Fife, C.S. Crumpacker, G.J. Mertz, E.L. Hill, G.S. Boone Acyclovir Study Group Recurrence and resistance patterns of herpes simplex virus following cessation of > or = 6 years of chronic suppression with acyclovir J. Infect. Dis. 169 6 1994 1338 1341
18. K.H. Fife, R.A. Barbarash, T. Rudolph, D. Degregorio, R. Roth The Valaciclovir International Herpes Simplex Virus Study Group Valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of first-episode genital herpes infection. Results of an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial Sex Transm. Dis. 24 8 1997 481 486
19. D.T. Fleming, G.M. McQuillan, R.E. Johnson, A.J. Nahmias, S.O. Aral, FK. Lee, and M.E. St Louis Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States N. Engl. J. Med. 337 16 1994 1105 1111
20. B. Frotscher, K. Anton, and M. Worm Inhibition of IgE production by the imidazoquinoline resiquimod in nonallergic and allergic donors J. Invest. Dermatol. 119 5 2002 1059 1064
21. S.M. Garland Imiquimod Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 16 2 2003 85 89
22. S.J. Gibson, J.M. Lindh, T.R. Riter, R.M. Gleason, L.M. Rogers, A.E. Fuller, J.L. Oesterich, K.B. Gorden, X. Qiu, S.W. McKane, R.J. Noelle, R.L. Miller, R.M. Kedl, P. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, M.A. Tomai, and J.P. Vasilakos Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce cytokines and mature in response to the TLR7 agonists, imiquimod and resiquimod Cell Immunol. 218 1-2 2002 74 86
23. C.J. Harrison, L. Jenski, T. Voychehovski, and D.I. Bernstein Modification of immunological responses and clinical disease during topical R-837 treatment of genital HSV-2 infection Antiviral Res. 10 4-5 1988 209 223
24. C.J. Harrison, R.L. Miller, and D.I. Bernstein Posttherapy suppression of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) recurrences and enhancement of HSV-specific T-cell memory by imiquimod in guinea pigs Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38 9 1994 2059 2064
25. C.J. Harrison, R.L. Miller, and D.I. Bernstein Reduction of recurrent HSV disease using imiquimod alone or combined with a glycoprotein vaccine Vaccine 19 13-14 2001 1820 1826
26. S.L. Hem, and J.L. White Structure and properties of aluminum-containing adjuvants Pharm. Biotechnol. 6 1995 249 276
27. H. Hemmi, T. Kaisho, O. Takeuchi, S. Sato, H. Sanjo, K. Hoshino, T. Horiuchi, H. Tomizawa, K. Takeda, and S. Akira Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway Nat. Immunol. 3 2 2002 196 200
28. L.M. Imbertson, J.M. Beaurline, A.M. Couture, S.J. Gibson, R.M. Smith, R.L. Miller, M.J. Reiter, T.L. Wagner, and M.A. Tomai Cytokine induction in hairless mouse and rat skin after topical application of the immune response modifiers imiquimod and S-28463 J. Invest. Dermatol. 110 5 1998 734 739
29. T. Jones Resiquimod 3M Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 4 2 2003 214 218
30. J. Lee, T.H. Chuang, V. Redecke, L. She, P.M. Pitha, D.A. Carson, E. Raz, and H.B. Cottam Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of Toll-like receptor 7 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 11 2003 6646 6651
31. R.S. Liblau, S.M. Singer, and H.O. McDevitt Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases Immunol. Today 16 1 1995 34 38
32. G.J. Mertz, C.C. Jones, J. Mills, K.H. Fife, S.M. Lemon, J.T. Stapleton, E.L. Hill, and L.G. Davis Long-term acyclovir suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes simplex virus infection. A multicenter double-blind trial JAMA 260 2 1988 201 206
33. G.J. Mertz, M.O. Loveless, M.J. Levin, S.J. Kraus, S.L. Fowler, D. Goade, S.K. Tyring Collaborative Famciclovir Genital Herpes Research Group Oral famciclovir for suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection in women. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Arch. Int. Med. 157 3 1997 343 349
34. T. Meyer, I. Nindl, T. Schmook, C. Ulrich, W. Sterry, and E. Stockfleth Induction of apoptosis by Toll-like receptor-7 agonist in tissue cultures Br. J. Dermatol. 149 Suppl 66 2003 9 14
35. R.L. Miller, L.M. Imbertson, M.J. Reiter, and J.F. Gerster Treatment of primary herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs by imiquimod Antivir. Res. 44 1 1999 31 42
36. M. Otero, S.A. Calarota, B. Felber, D. Laddy, G. Pavlakis, J.D. Boyer, and D.B. Weiner Resiquimod is a modest adjuvant for HIV-1 gag-based genetic immunization in a mouse model Vaccine 22 13-14 2004 1782 1790
37. M. Reitano, S. Tyring, W. Lang, C. Thoming, A.M. Worm, S. Borelli, L.O. Chambers, J.M. Robinson, L. Corey International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group Valaciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection: a large-scale dose range-finding study J. Infect. Dis. 178 3 1998 603 610
38. S.L. Sacks, F.Y. Aoki, F. Diaz-Mitoma, J. Sellors, S.D. Shafran Canadian Famciclovir Study Group Patient-initiated, twice-daily oral famciclovir for early recurrent genital herpes. A randomized, double-blind multicenter trial JAMA 276 1 1996 44 49
39. D.N. Sauder, M.H. Smith, T. Senta-McMillian, I. Soria, and T.C. Meng Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study of topical application of the immune response modulator resiquimod in healthy adults Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47 12 2003 3846 3852
40. T.W. Schacker, M. Conant, C. Thoming, T. Stanczak, Z. Wang, and M. Smith Imiquimod 5-percent cream does not alter the natural history of recurrent herpes genitalis: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46 10 2002 3243 3248
41. S. Spruance, S. Tyring, M. Smith, and T.C. Meng Application of a topically applied immune response modifier, resiquimod gel, to modify the recurrence rate of recurrent genital herpes: a pilot study J. Infect. Dis. 84 2001 196 200
42. S.L. Spruance, S.K. Tyring, B. DeGregorio, C. Miller, K. Beutner Valaciclovir HSV Study Group A large-scale, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of peroral valaciclovir for episodic treatment of recurrent herpes genitalis Arch. Int. Med. 156 15 1996 1729 1735
43. L.L. Thomsen, P. Topley, M.G. Daly, S.J. Brett, and J.P. Tite Imiquimod and resiquimod in a mouse model: adjuvants for DNA vaccination by particle-mediated immunotherapeutic delivery Vaccine 22 13-14 2004 1799 1809
44. M.A. Tomai, S.J. Gibson, L.M. Imbertson, R.L. Miller, P.E. Myhre, M.J. Reiter, T.L. Wagner, C.B. Tamulinas, J.M. Beaurline, and J.F. Gerster Immunomodulating and antiviral activities of the imidazoquinoline S-28463 Antivir. Res. 28 3 1995 253 264
45. M.A. Tomai, L.M. Imbertson, T.L. Stanczak, L.T. Tygrett, and T.J. Waldschmidt The immune response modifiers imiquimod and R-848 are potent activators of B lymphocytes Cell Immunol. 203 1 2000 55 65
46. S.K. Tyring, J.M. Douglas Jr., L. Corey, S.L. Spruance, J. Esmann The Valaciclovir International Study Group A randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of oral valacyclovir and acyclovir in immunocompetent patients with recurrent genital herpes infections Arch. Dermatol. 134 2 1998 185 191
47. J.P. Vasilakos, R.M. Smith, S.J. Gibson, J.M. Lindh, L.K. Pederson, M.J. Reiter, M.H. Smith, and M.A. Tomai Adjuvant activities of immune response modifier R-848: comparison with CpG ODN Cell Immunol. 204 1 2000 64 74
48. T.L. Wagner, C.L. Ahonen, A.M. Couture, S.J. Gibson, R.L. Miller, R.M. Smith, M.J. Reiter, J.P. Vasilakos, and M.A. Tomai Modulation of TH1 and TH2 cytokine production with the immune response modifiers, R-848 and imiquimod Cell Immunol. 191 1 1999 10 19
49. A.J. Wagstaff, D. Faulds, and K.L. Goa Aciclovir. A reappraisal of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy Drugs 47 1 1994 153 205
50. J.J. Wu, D.B. Huang, K.R. Pang, and S.K. Tyring Vaccines and immunotherapies for the prevention of infectious diseases having cutaneous manifestations J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 50 4 2004 495 528